Notes:
The Rise of the Roman Empire:
● Adult male citizens could vote
● Octavian took control of Rome in 30 BCE
● Augustus won civil wars that torn apart the Roman republic and made Rome stable
● Augustus’s rule was called Pax Romana
What Were Rome’s Practical Achievements?:
● All roads lead to Rome
● Romans invented concrete because it was lighter than stone
● They also invented aqueducts for moving water
● Sewers to carry waste away from the cities
Trade and the Roman Economy:
● Romans cleared the sea of most pirates
● Merchants bought goods from other civilizations along trade routes, like the Silk Road
● Farming waas thebase of Roman economy, grains were key
Geography Skills:
1. The Roman trade routes extended by 2000 miles in the east and 1000 miles in the west.
2. Rome could trade, get medicine, jewels, animal fur, and gain wealth.\
Biography-Augustus Caesar:
● Caesar adopted Octavian and made him his hier
● Octavian was named Augustus Caesar
● Augustus ruled the Roman empire until 14 CE
● The long period of peace and prosperity that began during his reign became known as
the Pax Romana, which lasted for about 200 years.
Biography-Cleopatra
● Constantine grew up in the eastern Roman empire
● He invaded Italy to fight Maxentius
● In 324, Constantine united the eastern and western empires
● established his capital in the ancient city of Byzantium, which he renamed
Constantinople
