10 Solved Integrals Class 12 (Scribd-Ready)
Includes step-by-step solutions, standard results, and a quick formula sheet.
Suitable for CBSE/GSEB Boards, GUJCET, and JEE Main level practice.
Prepared for upload on Scribd.
Solved Integral
Problem:
1) (3x² 4x + 1) dx
Solution:
Solution: Integrate term-wise using x^n dx = x^{n+1}/(n+1) + C.
3x² dx = 3·x³/3 = x³, ( 4x) dx = 4·x²/2 = 2x², 1 dx = x.
Therefore, (3x² 4x + 1) dx = x³ 2x² + x + C.
Solved Integral
Problem:
2) (2x)/(x² + 5) dx
Solution:
Let u = x² + 5 du = 2x dx.
Thus, (2x)/(x² + 5) dx = du/u = ln|u| + C = ln(x² + 5) + C.
Solved Integral
Problem:
3) x e^x dx
Solution:
Use integration by parts: Let u = x du = dx; dv = e^x dx v = e^x.
x e^x dx = u·v v du = x e^x e^x dx = x e^x e^x + C = e^x(x 1) + C.
Solved Integral
Problem:
4) e^{3x} cos(2x) dx
Solution:
Method: Use the standard result for e^{ax} cos(bx) dx = e^{ax}(a cos bx + b sin bx)/(a² + b²)
+ C.
Here a = 3, b = 2.
Therefore, e^{3x} cos(2x) dx = e^{3x}(3 cos 2x + 2 sin 2x)/(3² + 2²) + C = e^{3x}(3 cos 2x +
2 sin 2x)/13 + C.
Solved Integral
Problem:
5) dx/(x² 4x + 5)
Solution:
Complete the square: x² 4x + 5 = (x 2)² + 1.
Then dx/[(x 2)² + 1] = arctan(x 2) + C.
Solved Integral
Problem:
6) (3x + 5)/(x² + 4x + 3) dx
Solution:
First factor the denominator: x² + 4x + 3 = (x + 1)(x + 3).
Do partial fractions: (3x + 5)/[(x + 1)(x + 3)] = A/(x + 1) + B/(x + 3).
3x + 5 = A(x + 3) + B(x + 1) = (A + B)x + (3A + B).
Equate coefficients: A + B = 3, 3A + B = 5 subtract 2A = 2 A = 1, then B = 2.
Thus integral = [1/(x + 1) + 2/(x + 3)] dx = ln|x + 1| + 2 ln|x + 3| + C.
Solved Integral
Problem:
7) (sin x)/(1 + cos x) dx
Solution:
Use t-substitution: Let t = 1 + cos x dt = sin x dx dt = sin x dx.
sin x/(1 + cos x) dx = ( dt)/t = ln|t| + C = ln(1 + cos x) + C.
Alternative simplified form using identity: Multiply numerator and denominator by (1 cos x):
sin x/(1 + cos x) = [sin x(1 cos x)]/(1 cos² x) = [sin x(1 cos x)]/sin² x = (1 cos
x)/sin x = csc x cot x.
Then integral = (csc x cot x) dx = ln| \,\, \tan(x/2) | + C (equivalent up to a constant).
Solved Integral
Problem:
8) sec³ x dx
Solution:
Standard result: sec³ x dx = (1/2) sec x tan x + (1/2) ln|sec x + tan x| + C.
Derivation sketch: Write sec³ x = sec x · sec² x, set u = sec x du = sec x tan x dx, and
integrate by parts.
Solved Integral
Problem:
9) ^{ /2} x sin x dx
Solution:
Use integration by parts with u = x du = dx, dv = sin x dx v = cos x.
x sin x dx = x cos x + cos x dx = x cos x + sin x + C.
Evaluate 0 to /2: [ x cos x + sin x] ^{ /2} = [ ( /2)·0 + 1] [ 0·1 + 0] = 1 0 = 1.
Solved Integral
Problem:
10) ^{1} ln(1 + x) dx
Solution:
Use integration by parts: Let u = ln(1 + x) du = dx/(1 + x); dv = dx v = x.
ln(1 + x) dx = x ln(1 + x) x/(1 + x) dx = x ln(1 + x) (1 1/(1 + x)) dx.
= x ln(1 + x) [x ln(1 + x)] + C = (x + 1) ln(1 + x) x + C.
Now evaluate 0 to 1: [(x + 1) ln(1 + x) x] ¹ = [2 ln 2 1] [1·ln 1 0] = 2 ln 2 1.
Appendix: Formula Sheet
Quick Formula Sheet (Integrals)
x^n dx = x^{n+1}/(n+1) + C (n 1) dx/x = ln|x| + C
e^{ax} dx = (1/a)e^{ax} + C sin ax dx = (1/a) cos ax + C cos ax dx = (1/a) sin
ax + C
1/(x² + a²) dx = (1/a) arctan(x/a) + C 1/(x² a²) dx = (1/2a) ln|(x a)/(x + a)| +
C
By parts: u dv = u v v du
Trig identities: 1 + tan² x = sec² x; 1 + cot² x = csc² x; sin² x + cos² x = 1
Useful: Complete the square; Partial fractions for rational functions; Substitution for
composite forms.
