A PROJECT REPORT

on

RAINFALL PREDICTION"

Submitted to
KIIT DeemedtobeUniversity

for the Awardof

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement
BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN
ENGINEERING
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
SUBMITTED BY

KARTIK PATEL - 2105801

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. CHANDANI KUMARI

SCHOOL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY
KALINGA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL
BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA-751024
MAY 2025
 KiIT Deemedto be University.
School ofComputer Engineering
Bhubaneswar, ODISHA 751024

Kt
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled
"IPL SCORE PREDICTION "
submitted by

KARTIK PATEL-2105801

it is a record of bonafide work carried out by them, in the partial fulfillment

of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
(Computer Science & Engineering) at KIIT Deemed to be University,
Bhubaneswar. This work is done during year 2024-2025, under our
guidance.
Date: 07 /07/ 2025

(DR. CHANDANI KUMARI)

ProjectGuide
 Acknowledgement

We are profoundly grateful to DR.CHANDANIKUMARI

OT Affiliation for his expert guidance and continuous encouragement
throughout
TO see that this project rights its target from its commencement to its
completion.
KARTIK PATEL
 ABSTRACT

Raintall prediction is a critical component in agricultural planning, water

resource management, and disaster prevention. This project presents a
machine learning-based approach to forecast rainfall using historical weather
data. The dataset, comprising various meteorological features, was
preprocessed through null value imputation, feature selection, and
normalization techniques. To address class imbalance, the Random.
OverSampler method was employed.
 Contents
1
|1 Introduction 2

2 Basic Concepts/ Literature Review 2

2.1 Machine Learning in Finance. 2
2.2 Regression Problem Framing 2
2.3 Feature Engineering.
3-5
3Problem Statement / Requirement Specifications 3
3.1 Project Planning. 4
3.2 Project Analysis 5
3.3 System Design 5
3.3.1 Data Colection Layer 5
3.3.2 Data Preprocessing Module
6-8
Implementation 6
4.1 Methodology or Proposal ...... 7
4.2 Testing /Verification Plan
4.3 Result Analysis / Screenshots ...
4.4 Quality AsSurance
9-10
5 Standard Adopted
5.1 Design Standards
5.2 Coding Standards 10
5.3 Testing Standards
11
Conclusion and Future Scope
6
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Future Scope 11

References 12

Plagiarism Report 13
List of Figures
1 Project Overview 1

2Data Flow
Diagram.. 5

3Proposed model.. 6

4Result Graphs. 7
 School of Computer Engineering, KIIT, BBSR
RAINFALL PREDICTION

Chapter l
Introduction

strategies, and
ort by introducing rapid gameplay, evolving of a
intense competition. The ability to predict the likely outcome
match or innings has significant implications, from team decision
informed
making to enhancing the farn experience through application of
Commentary and predictive stats. This project is an
Supervised learning in sports analytics, with the objective of
predicting the total runs in an innings. Usingstructured data, we
process and feed features into machine learning models, evaluate
performance using standard metrics, and visualize the predictions
against actual outcomes.

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Chapter 2 Basic Concepts/ Literature

Review
concept of this project revolves around using machíne learning
The basic rain on a particular day based on
techniques to predict whether it will relying on traditional meteorological
historical weather data. Instead of observations to learn patterns
Torecasting models, this approach uses past
features and rainfall outcomes.
and relationships between various weather
2.1 Machine Learning in Rainfall
intelligence that allows
Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial decisions or predictions
Computers to learn patterns from data and make
of rainfall prediction,
Without being explicitly programmed. In the context approach to forecast
machine learning provides a modern, data-driven
rainfall basedon historical and real-time weather data.
2.2 Regression Problem Framing
used to
In farming and agriculture, regression problems are commonly rainfall
predict continuous values, such as crop yield, soil moisture,
predicts
amount, or pesticide requirement. Unlike classification (which
categories), regression predicts numerical values based on input features.
2.3 Feature Engineering
Feature engineering adds new features or modifies preexisting ones to
increase the predictive capacity of machine learning models. To make it
easier to apply the SVM method, this project encodes category factors like
gender, marital status, and educational attainment intonumerical values.

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Chapter
Problem3Statement/Requirement
Specifications
in
prediction of rainfall is crucial for effective planning
Accurate and timely preparedness.
resource management, and disaster physical models
water
agriculture, methods often involve complex
Traditional rainfall forecasting reliable short-term predictions, especially in
and may not always provide conditions.
regions with rapidly changingweather

3.1Project Planning
planning phase for the Loan Approval Status Prediction system
The Gathering: Requirement
involved the following steps: I. Requirement
gathering involves determining the concept.

serialization, Streamlit is
II. Technology Selection: Pickle is used for model learning.
used for the user interface, and Python is used for machine
figuring out howmuch
lI. Resource Allocation: Allocatingresources involves
labour, data, and computer power the project willneed.
testing,
IV. Development Roadmap: Defining the stages of the project, such as
UI development, model training, and data preprocessing.
V. Compliance Consideration: Making sure the system complies with
applicable privacy and data protection regulations.

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3.2 Project Analysis

rigorous analysis to
The requirements and problem statement underwent to identify any
ensure clarity and feasibility. This analysis aimed
ambiguities or errors and refine the project scope.

It Included:
OFeasibility Study: Conducting a feasibility study to assess the proposed
solution's practicality within time, financial,and technology restrictions.

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RAINFALL PREDICTION

3.3 System Design

as a modular pipeline that processes IPL match
The system is designed innings.
models to predict total runsin an
data and uses machine learning stages, ensuring a logical flow from raW
It consists of multiple well-defined
data to prediction.

3.3.1 Data Collection Layer

stage where historical IPL match data is imported from a
This isthe initial match details such as team names,
CSV file. Theraw dataset includes
scored in an innings.
venue, batsman, bowler,and the total runs

3.3.2 Data Preprocessing Module

ball-by-ball records, and
Inthis step, irrelevant features like match dates, are removed to maintain
short-term statistics (e.g., runs in last 5 overs)
data like team names and
a cleanand focused dataset. Categorical
player names areencoded numericallyscaling using label encoding, and the
dataset is normalized using Min-Max to ensure all features are
within a 0-1 range.

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RAINFALL PREDICTION

Chapter 4 Implementation
The implementation of the Rainfall Prediction using Machine Learning
data collection and
project involved a structured pipeline starting withcontained various
ending with model evaluation. The dataset usedhumidity, wind speed, and
weather-related features such as temperature, whether rainfall occurred.
pressure, along with a target variable indicating values were handled
where missing
Tne first step was data preprocessing, column names were
by filling them with column-wise mean values, and categorical target
Cleaned to remove any leading or trailing spaces. The
column (rainfall) was encoded into binary values (1 for "yes", Ofor "'no") to
be suitable for machine learning algorithms.

4.1 Methodology OR Proposal

The methodology of this project follows a systematic basedmachine
on
learning pipeline designed to accurately predict rainfall
historical weather data. The process begins with data acquisition,
where a dataset containing meteorological parameters such as
temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and rainfall status is
loaded. The next step is data preprocessing, where missing values
are handled using mean imputation, and categorical values are
encoded into numerical formats to make the data compatible with
machine learning models. Columns with irrelevant or redundant
information are removed toenhance model efficiency.

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RAINEALL PREDICION

Figure3: Proposed model

4.2Testing OR VerificationPlan
Testing and verification arecriticalcomponentsof this project, ensuring that
builtfor|PLscoreprediction perform reliably,
the machine learning models Oncethedatapreprocessing and feature
accurately, and consistently. divided into two
transformation phases were completed,thedataset was
70%ofthedataandatesting set
Subsets: atraining set comprising separationallowedforanobjective
Comprising the remaining 30%. This tounseendata,afundamental
evaluation of the model's ability to generalize
requirement in predictive modeling.

4.3Result Analysis OR Screenshots

project highlights
The result analysis of this RAINFALL score prediction
particularly deep
the effectiveness of machine learning techniques,
data. After training and
learning, in modeling complex,real-world sports
a neural network model, a
evaluating both a linear regression model and capabilities was carried
comprehensive comparison of their predictive
graphical analysis.
out usingstandard regression metrics and

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RAINFALL PREDICTION

<AXes: >

32 loss
val loss

30

28

26

24

22

20

40 50
10 20 30

Chart daigram

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RAINFALL PREDICTION
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C
school
Engineering, KIlT, BBSR
RAINFALL PREDICTION

4Quallty ASsurance
ensure
To
prediction
the
accuracy, reliability, and of the rainfall
model,
implemented several quality robustness
throughout the assurance measures were
maintaining quality
where involved development process.
missing values were thorough
The first step in
data cleaning and preprocessing.
carefuly handled using mean imputation
and
inconsistencies
eliminate
in column formatting were corrected. This helped
noise and reduce errors in data interpretation.t

Chapter 5

Standards Adopted
5.1 Design Standards
The designof RAINFALL Predictionsystem adheres to widely accepted
software engineering and machine learning design standards to ensure
modularity, scalability, reusability, and clarity. These standards provide a
foundation for consistent development, ease of collaboration, and future
where
extensibility. The project follows a modular design architecture, evaluation,
model training,
different phases-such as data preprocessing,independent code blocks and
andvisualization--are clearly separated into readability and
functions. This modularization enhances code updated or
maintainability while allowing for individual components to be
replaced without impacting the entire system.

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of
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RAINFALL PREDICTION

52Coding Standards

TheIPL Score Prediction project follows consistent and professional

coding standards to enhance code readability, maintainability, and
scalability. The implementation is done in Python, and the code adheres to
thePEP 8(Python Enhancement Proposal 8) style guide, which is the
official coding convention for the Python programming language. This
includes consistent use of indentation, whitespace, line lengths, and
naming conventions to promote clarity and avoid ambiguity in the
codebase.

5.3Testing Standards

To ensure the reliabilityand accuracyof the IPL Score Prediction system,

rigorous testing standards were adopted in accordance with best
Dractices in machine learning and software development. The primary
goal of testing in this project was to validate the performance of predictive
models, verify data integrity throughout the pipeline,and ensure that all
components of the system work cohesively under varying inputs and
conditions.

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IPL SCORE PREDICTION

Chapter 6
Conclusion and Future Scope
6.1 Conclusion

The RAINFALL Prediction project successfully demonstrates the

application of machine learning and deep learning techniques in the
Oiln Of sports analytics. By leveraging historical match data and
Implementing models such as linear rearession and neural networks, the
project was able to predict innings scores with a commendable level or
accuracy. The neural network model, in particular, showed superior
performance due to its ability to capture complex non-linear relationships
Within the data. Through rigorous preprocessing, normalization, mnodel
traning, and evaluation using standard metrics like RMSE and R2 score,
the system proved both effective and reliable.

6.2 Future Scope

The RAINFALL Prediction system, while effective in its current form,
presents a wide array of opportunities for future enhancement and
practical deployment. As the field of sports analytics continues to evolve,
there is significant potential to expand the scope of this project in terms of
both technical sophistication and real-world application. One of the most
impactful extensions would be the integration of real-time match data. By
incorporating live updates--such as runs scored per over, wickets fallen,
player performance during the match, and dynamic pitch conditionsthe
model can be adapted to function as a real-time score
predictor.

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RAINFALL PREDICTION

References

0Géron, A. (2019).
Hands-On
TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, Machine
and learning with Scikit-Learn, Kerdb,
Techniques to Build IntelligentSystems (2nd
: ed.).
O'Reilly Media,
OPedregosa, ., Varoquaux, G.. Gramfort. A.. Michel. V,. Thirion, B., Grisel, O
Duchesnay, E. (2011). Scikit-learn: Machine earning in Pvthon. Journal of Machine
Learning Research, 12, 2825-2830.
DChollet, F. (2015). Keras: The Pvthon Deep Learning library. https:/keras.l0.
OAbadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham. P. Brevdo, E.. Chen, Z., Citro, C., . &Znerig,
(2016). TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learningon Heterogeneous Distributed
Systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.04467.
DIPL Oicial Website- https://ww.iplt20.com (For data context and domain
understanding)
DKaggle IPL Dataset. Retrieved from: https:/lwww.kaggle.com/datasets (used tor
training and evaluatingmachine learning models)
OMcKinney,W. (2010). Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python.
Proceedings of the 9th Python inScience Conference.
OHunter, J.D. (2007),. Matplotlib: A2D Graphics Environment. Computing in
Science & Engineering,9(3), 90-95.
ORaschka, S., &Mirjalili, V.(2017).Python Machine Learning:Machine Learning
and Deep Learning with Python, scikit-learn, and TensorFlow. Packt Publishing.
OJupyter Notebook Project - https:/hupyter.org

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TURNITIN PLAGIARISM REPORT

S n g i n e e t i n g KI!1, 58SR

RAINF A P9E01CTION
 9.
cIMILARITYINDEX
2%
INTERNETSOURCES
2% 6%
PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PAPERS

PHIAARYSOUBCES

Submitted
Student FPaper
to Banaras Hindu University 406
Submitted to Asia Pacific University College of 1%
Technology
Student Paper
and Innovation (UCTI)

"Applications of Computational Methods in 1%

Manufacturing and Product Design", Springer
Science and Business Media LLC, 2022
Pblicaticn

Submitted to SAINT DOMINIC SCHO0L

41 Student Paper

Yanyu Xiao, Russell Greiner, Mark A. Lewis. 1%

"Evaluation of machine learning methods for
predictingeradication of aquatic invasive
species", Biological Invasions, 2018
Ptslcation

E jasperbstewart.tech.blog
6 lnternet Source

link.springer.com 1%
Ieriet Source

14

Engineering, KIIT, BBSR

School of Computer RAINFALL PREDICTION