COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)

COMPUTER NETWORKS – CONTENT

COMPUTER NETWORKS
 Interconnection of one or more devices together is known as computer networks.
 Computer Networks are collection of interconnected autonomous computing devices to exchange
information or share resources
 A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other enabling the computer to
communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications.

PURPOSE / ADVANTAGES
o Data communication / Data Sharing
o Resource Sharing
o Share storage
o Highly flexible
o Access to remote information
DISADVANTAGES
o No security for data
o Possibility of virus attack
o Complex

TOPOLOGY
 Topology is a layout/design or a way to connect the computers.
 A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are
connected.
 Different topologies are
o Star
o Bus
o Tree
o Mesh
o Hybrid

STAR: Each device is connected to the central BUS: Each device is connected to the long cable
node which contains a terminator at both ends.

Advantages of Star Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology
 Less network traffic
 Less cost
 Easy to troubleshoot
 Easy to set up and modify  Easy to build
 If one device fails, the network will not be  Easy to expand
affected.  If one device fails, the network will not be
Disadvantages of Star Topology affected.
 Cost of installation is higher than bus Disadvantages of Bus Topology
topology.  More traffic
 If the central device fails the whole network is  If the central long bus/cable fails the whole
lead to failure. network fails.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
Tree: It is a hierarchical topology, each branch Mesh: Each device is connected to every other
can have a basic topology like star, ring, and bus. device in the network.
No. of cables to connect n nodes= n(n-1)/2

Advantage: Advantage:
 Supports large no. of nodes  No traffic
 More secure and reliable
 Easy to expand
 Failure of more devices will not affect the
 Flexible and scalable
network.
Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
 If the backbone line breaks, the entire
 Cabling cost is high
network goes down.
 Creations of the network are complex
Ring: Each node is connected to two other Hybrid: The combination of two or more
devices on either side. topologies is called Hybrid topology.

Advantage:
 Less cost & easy to build
Disadvantages:
 Failure of one device affects the network
 Heavy traffic

SAMPLE BOARD QUESTIONS

1. An Infotech company has 4 blocks named A, B, C, and D on its campus. The number of computers in
each block is given below:
Block Name No. of Computers
Block A 10
Block B 75
Block C 150
Block D 50
a) Suggest the block where the server can be installed
Ans: Block C as it has more number of computers
b) Suggest the best cable layout to connect the blocks together.
Ans: Star Topology

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TYPES OF NETWORKS
 Based on distance covered / Geographical area covered there are 4 types of networks.
o PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
PAN LAN MAN WAN
Personal Area Network Local Area Network. Metropolitan Area Wide Area Network.
Network.
An individual connected Interconnection of Interconnection of cities Biggest network which
with two or more devices within a room together covers a distance of more
devices forms PAN or a building or a than 100 km. Eg: Internet
campus around 1km.
Upto 10 m Upto 1 Km or 1000 m Upto 100 km More than 100 km
Operates in very small Small areas such as It operates in large areas It operates in larger areas
areas the same building or such as cities. such as countries or
campus. continents.
Ownership is private LAN’s ownership is MAN’s ownership can be WAN also might not be
private. private or public. owned by one organization.

Types of Networks based on connection

CLIENT-SERVER PEER TO PEER
In a client-server network the server computer In peer-to-peer, each computer acts as a
controls, coordinates, and manages the network. The client/server. There is no central
client computers request the server for the data. controller in the network.
A Client-Server network is more expensive to A Peer-to-Peer is less expensive to
implement. implement.
It is more stable and scalable. It is less stable and scalable.
In a client-server network, the data is stored in a In a peer-to-peer network, each peer has
centralized server. its own data.
A server may get overloaded when many customers A server is not bottlenecked since the
make simultaneous service requests. services are dispersed among all peers.
The server provides the requested service in response Each node can both request and deliver
to the client’s request. services.

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Intranet and Internet
INTRANET INTERNET
Private network which is only used within the The Internet is a public network that anyone
organization. An intranet is designed for a can access. It involves a large number of users
specific purpose such as sharing information or with less security.
files within an organization. Example: A
network in the military
Owned by local or private Link computers on different network /global
organizations/companies network
Users are limited Support multiple users
Protected and secured Unsafe, not protected
A private network and traffic is less It’s a public network with more traffic

Circuit switching and packet switching

CIRCUIT SWITCHING PACKET SWITCHING
In circuit switching, the dedicated path is In packet switching, no dedicated path is created
created between two nodes. between two nodes.
A dedicated path is reserved in advance. The path will be reserved dynamic.
There is no concept of store and forward Each node may store the incoming packets and
transmission. forward them.
Message / Data will not be divided into Message / Data will be divided into packets, each
packets. Complete message travels in the same packet travels in a different path to reach the
fixed path which is reserved in advance. destination.
It reserves the entire bandwidth in advance. It does not reserve bandwidth in advance.
Example: Analog telephone network, Public Example: Internet, Newer mobile phone
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) technologies (e.g., GSM, LTE), Sending of Email

SAMPLE BOARD QUESTIONS

1. An Infotech company has 4 blocks named A, B, C, and D on its campus. The distance and other
parameters are given below
Block Name No. of Computers Distance
Block A 10 A to B 100 m
Block B 75 A to C 25 m
Block C 150 A to D 1345 km
Block D 50 B to C 150 m
C to D 1020 km
a) Identify the type of network established between Block A and B
Ans: LAN – Local Area Network, because the distance between Block A & Block B is less than
1 km or 1000 m
b) Which type of network out of LAN, MAN, or WAN will be used for the network between Block A
and Block D
Ans: WAN – Wide Area Network, because the distance between Block A & Block D is more than
1000 km.
c) The company is planning to establish a new branch named E in the nearby city which is at a distance
of 25km away. Identify the type of network.
Ans: MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
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NETWORK DEVICES
 Hub  RJ45
 Switch  Modem
 Repeater  WiFi
 Bridge  WiMax
 Router  Bluetooth
 Gateway

Hub, Repeater, and Switch

Hub Switch Repeater
Hub is used to create a small The switch is used to create either The repeater is a device that
network, it comes with less small or big networks. It has more amplifies or boosts the signal. The
number of ports. Hub
number of ports (24/64 ports). The repeater is placed between the two
broadcasts the data to all the switch is an intelligent device that blocks where the distance is more
computers connected to it. It sends the data only to the receiver. It than 70 m / 100 m.
causes more traffic and a wastestores the MAC address of the
of bandwidth. Hub shares the connected devices. The switch has
bandwidth. dedicated bandwidth.
Hub works based on
The switch works based on the MAC The repeater works based on
broadcasting. address. broadcasting.
Hub is a multiport input of anySwitch transmits the message only Repeater amplifies or regenerates an
port that appears at the output of
to the device for which the message incoming signal before
all available ports. is intended. retransmitting it.
Hub is not an intelligent device
Intelligent device as it passes on the The repeater is not an intelligent
message to the selective device by device but that may include an
inspecting the MAC address. amplifier
Preferred when the distance is The switch is preferred when users Repeaters are preferred when the
less want to segment networks into distance is more than 70m (or)
different subnetworks. 100 m
Hub has 4/12 ports Switch can have 24 to 48 ports The repeater might have two ports

Bridge and Router

Bridge Router
The bridge is used to connect similar protocol The router is used to connect different
protocols.
Bridge uses MAC address. The router uses an IP address.
The bridge connects two different LANs. The router connects LAN or MAN.
The bridge is comparatively inexpensive. The router is a relatively expensive device.

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 Gateway: Gateway is used to connect dissimilar networks. It is used to connect different networks
like LAN, MAN, and WAN.
 RJ45: Registered Jack. It is used to connect Local Area Networks. It has 8 wires/ 4 pairs of wires.

 Modem: Modem stands for “Modulator-Demodulator”. The modem provides internet facilities to the
device through an ISP (Internet Service Provider). The modem is a computer hardware device that
converts data into digital form and vice-versa. Wired modem and wireless modem are two types.
Broadband/Dial-up provides internet facilities at a low cost (cost-efficient).
 WiFi & WiMax
Wi-Fi WiMAX
Wireless Fidelity Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
Wi-Fi offers a short range of data transfer in WiMAX offers a long range of data transfer in
wireless networks. wireless networks.
It uses radio waves to create high-speed It uses spectrum to create a large network
internet
Wi-Fi transmission speed is up to 54 mbps WiMAX transmission speed is up to 70 mbps

SAMPLE BOARD QUESTIONS

1. An Infotech company has 4 blocks named A, B, C, and D on its campus. The distance and other
parameters are given below
Block Name No. of Computers Distance
Block A 10 A to B 100 m
Block B 75 A to C 25 m
Block C 150 A to D 1345 km
Block D 50 B to C 150 m
C to D 1020 km
a) Suggest the best device to connect the computer in each block.
Ans: Switch
b) Suggest the placement of the following devices in the company.
i) Switch ii) Repeater
Ans: i) Switch is placed in all the blocks, to connect the computers in each building.
ii) Repeater is placed between the blocks A to B, B to C because the distance is more than
70m
c) Suggest the best device to enable an internet connection in Block C.
Ans: Modem
d) An Infotech company planning to establish internet connectivity on the campus which is
economically benefit.
Ans: Broadband / Dial-up

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TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Guided and Unguided Media

Guided Media Unguided Media
It is also called a wired medium. It is also called a wireless medium.
Cables or wires are used to transfer data. Data are transferred through air or waves.
The signal energy propagates through The signal energy propagates through the air in
wires/cables in guided media. unguided media.
It is the best option for shorter distance Used for longer distances
It is cost-effective. It is expensive.
Example: Twisted pair wires, Coaxial cables, Example: Microwave, Radio waves, Infrared
Optical fiber cables. light.

WIRED MEDIUM
Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber Cable
Signals are transmitted through the Signals are transmitted in Signals are transmitted in an optical
electrical system through the electronic form over the inner form over glass fiber.
metallic wires. conductor of the cable.
The cost is very low. Cost is moderate Cost is expensive
It supports low data rates. It supports relatively high data Supports very high data rates
rates.
Installation is easy and it is the most Installation is relatively easy but Installation is complicated and quite
cost-effective option. moderately expensive. expensive.
The twisted-pair cable has low Co-axial cable has moderately high Optical fiber cable has a very high
bandwidth. bandwidth. bandwidth.
Twisted pair cable has low noise Co-axial cable has higher noise Optical fiber cable has the highest
immunity. immunity. noise immunity.
Types: Shielded & Unshielded Types: Thinnest and Thickest Types: Single node or Multinode
Twisted pair Coaxial

Unshielded and Shielded Twisted Pair

UTP STP
Unshielded Twisted Pair Shielded Twisted Pair
In UTP grounding cable is not necessary. In STP grounding cable is required.
The data rate in UTP is slow compared to The data rate in STP is high.
STP.
The generation of crosstalk is high STP generation of crosstalk is less.
compared to STP.
Used for data transmission within a short Used for connecting organizations over a long
distance. distance.
Usage: Telephone wiring, Local Area Usage: In the case of a lot of heat generation like
Networks. for heavy industrial applications.

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WIRELESS MEDIUM

Radio waves and Microwaves

Radiowave Microwave Infrared wave
Omni-directional in nature. Unidirectional in nature. Unidirectional in nature.
At low frequency, can penetrate At low frequency, can penetrate They cannot penetrate
through solid objects and walls. through solid objects and walls. through any solid object or
High frequency bounces off the At high frequency, they cannot walls.
obstacle. penetrate.
Frequency range: 3 KHz to 1GHz. Frequency range: 1 GHz to 300 GHz. Frequency range: 300 GHz to
400 GHz.
These are used in long-distance These are used in long-distance These are not used in long-
communication. communication. distance communication.
Television, FM radio broadcasts, Radar, satellite, spacecraft, cancer  Remote control, Infrared
military communications, mobile treatment, remote sensing, cooking food Cookers, Heaters, Lamps,
phones, hilly areas in microwave ovens. Thermometers.

Satellite: It is used to transfer the data to long distances. It transfers more data at high speed.
Bluetooth: It is medium to transfer data within a short range of 10m

NETWORK PROTOCOLS
 Protocol is a set of rules that governs communication.

FTP File Transfer Protocol.

FTP is used to transfer the file
from one device to another.
Transfer File in
 System-System
 E-Mail
 What’s App
 Online file upload
 File Download

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

HTTP is used to fetch a web
page from the web server.
 Searching in web browser
 Fetching webpage from
net.

HTTPS Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Secure.
HTTPS enables secured data
transfer between web browsers
and web servers.
HTTPS uses encryption
protocols such as,
 SSL – Secure Sockets Layer
 TLS – Transport Layer
Security

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SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
It is used to send e-mails.
It is used by email clients such
as Gmail, Yahoo, Outlook etc.,
POP3 Post office Protocol Version 3
It is used to deliver the email to
the receiver.
IMAP Internet Message Access
Protocol

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

It is used to transfer the voice
through the Internet.
It allows user to make phone
calls over a broadband internet
connection instead of typical
analog telephone lines.
Voice in Internet – Video Call,
Audio Call
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol  TCP is best used for direct communication in which a reliable
UDP / Internet Protocol connection is needed, such as web browsing, email, text
messaging, and file transfers.
 IP protocol ensures that each computer or node connected to
the Internet is assigned an IP address, which is used to
identify each node independently
User Datagram Protocol  UDP is best used for live and real-time data transmission
when speed is more important than reliability
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
It is used to connect one
computer to another computer.
PPP establishes a dedicated and
direct connection between two
communicating devices.
DNS Domain Name System
It converts the domain name
into a machine-readable IP
address and vice versa.
Example:
www.example.com  190.0.2.1

TELNET Teletype Network

TELNET is a remote login
software used to connect with
other remote computers.
It is a client/server application
protocol that provides access to
virtual terminals of remote
systems on local area networks
or the Internet.
Remote It is used to work on the remote
Access computer.
Eg: AnyDesk, TeamViewer

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TCP and UDP
TCP UDP
Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is the Connection-less oriented protocol
TCP is reliable as it guarantees the delivery The delivery of data to the destination cannot be
of data to the destination router. guaranteed in UDP.
An acknowledgment segment is present. No acknowledgment segment.
TCP is comparatively slower than UDP. UDP is faster, simpler, and more efficient than TCP.
Retransmission of lost packets is possible in There is no retransmission of lost packets in the User
TCP, but not in UDP. Datagram Protocol (UDP).
TCP used by HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SMTP, UDP is used by DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP, RIP,
Telnet. and VoIP.

HTTP and HTTPs

HTTP HTTPS
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol with Secure.
It is less secure as the data can be vulnerable to Designed to prevent hackers from accessing
hackers. critical information. It secure against attacks.
HTTP URLs begin with http:// HTTPs URLs begin with https://
It’s a good fit for websites designed for To collect the private information such as credit
information consumption like blogs. card number, then it is a more secure protocol.
HTTP website do not need SSL. HTTPS requires SSL, TLS
HTTP website doesn’t use encryption. HTTPS websites use data encryption.

POP and IMAP

POP3 IMAP
Post Office Protocol Internet Message Access Protocol
POP is a protocol that only allows downloading IMAP is much more advanced and allows the
messages from your Inbox to your local user to see all the folders on the mail server.
computer.
Mail can be accessed from a single device at a Messages can be accessed across multiple
time. devices
Users cannot organize mail in the mailbox of the Users can organize emails directly on the mail
mail server. server.
The user can not create, delete, or rename email The user can create, delete, or rename an email
on the mail server. on the mail server.
It is fast. It is slower as compared to POP3.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
WEB SERVICES
Web Individual Page on the Internet. www.example.com/contact.html
Page Each page on the internet. www.school.edu.in/gallary.html
It is a hypertext document on the World
Wide Web that is identified by a URL.
It is a part of website
Web Site Collection of related web pages. www.example.com
It is a collection of interlinked webpages www.school.edu.in
that share a single domain name. www.ncert.nic.in
www.cbseacademics.nic.in
Web Client application to browser in internet.
browser It is a software application used to access
the information on World Wide Web.

Web Software which provides requested

Server information.
It is to store, process and deliver requested
information to the user.
It is a remote computer that delivers
webpage to the user.

Web A web hosting service is a type of Internet

Hosting hosting service that hosts websites for
clients, i.e. it offers the facilities required
for them to create and maintain a site and
makes it accessible on the World Wide
Web.
Example: GoDaddy, DreamHost, bluehost,
GreenGeeks etc.,
URL Uniform Resource Locater. https://www.example.com/aboutus.html
It is a unique identifier used to locate a https://www.education.edu.in/feature.html
webpage on the Internet. https://example.gov.in/home.html
It is also called as Web Address.
Each webpage on the web has unique URL.
URI – Uniform Resource Identifier
URN – Uniform Resource Name

Domain It is a unique name of a particular website www.google.com

and it is easy to remember. www.ncert.nic.in
www.example.com

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TLD Top Level Domain
Generic Domain Country Domains
.com Commercial .in India
.edu Education .ca Canada
.org Organization .at Ausria
.gov Government .au Australia
.net Networking entity .bd Bangladesh
.mil Military .br Brasil
WWW World Wide Web
It is an ocean of information stored in the form of interlinked webpages.
It is also called as “Web”
The resource on the web can be accessed through Internet.

Internet and WWW

Internet WWW
It is a global network World Wide Web
Connecting the computer to any other computer in It is a collection of information which can be
the world accessed through Internet.
It is a super set of WWW. WWW is subset of Internet
The first version of internet is ARPANET. WWW is known as NSFNet.

HTML and XML

HTML XML
Hyper Text Markup Language eXtensible Markup Language
HTML is used to display data in different forms. XML is tool used to transport and store data.
HTML is not case sensitive. XML is case sensitive.
HTML has its own predefined tags. User can define tags according to need.
Extension: .html Extension: .xml
Tags: <html> <body> <head> <body> <br> <p> <img> <a> Tags: User-defined <name> <author> <price>
<table> <h1> <h2> <h3> <count> <rating> <mark> <total>
Example Example

Web server and Web browser

Web Browser Web Server
Web Browser is software which is used to browse Web server is software which provides these
and display pages available over internet. documents when requested by web browsers.
A web browser sends request to server for web Web server sees and approves those requests
based documents and services. made by web browsers and sends response.
Web browser sends an HTTP Request and gets a Web server receives HTTP Request and sends a
HTTP Response. HTTP Response.
Web Browser is installed on user's machine. Web server can be installed anywhere but it need
to be on a network or on local computer.
Example: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Example: Apache Server
Internet Explorer etc

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Evolution of Networking
ARPANET
 Advanced Research Project Agency Network
 It was the first public packet switched computer network.
 The goal of the project was to connect the computer at different universities
and US Defence.
 It was invented by US Department of Defence in 1969.
NSFNet
 National Science Foundation Network
 It is a high capacity network to promote advanced research and education.
 NSFNet allowed only academic research on its network and not any kind of private business.
Internet
 It is an inter-networking that linked ARPANET and NSFNet and other private network.
 It is a global network which includes huge number of devices.

MAC address and IP Address

MAC Address IP Address
Media Access Control Address. Internet Protocol Address.
NIC Card’s Manufacturer provides the MAC Address. Internet Service Provider provides IP Address.
MAC Address is used to ensure the physical address IP Address is the logical address of the computer.
MAC Address is a six byte hexadecimal address. IP Address is a four-byte IPv4 or IPv6 address.
It is a 48-bit address that contains 6 groups of 2 IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses in dotted notations,
hexadecimal digits, separated by either hyphens (-) or whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses in
colons(.). (Limit: 0-9,A,B,C,D,E,F) hexadecimal notations. (Limit: 0-255)
Example: 00:FF:FF:AB:BB:AA / 00-FF-FF-AB-BB-AA Example: IPv4 - 192.168.1.1

BAUD: Unit of measurement for information-carrying capacity of the communication channel.

BANDWIDTH:
 Network bandwidth is the capacity of a wired or wireless network communications link to
transmit the maximum amount of data from one point to another over a computer network or
internet connection in a given amount of time.
 The maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of time.
 Bandwidth is often mistaken for internet speed when it's actually the volume of information that
can be sent over a connection in a measured amount of time
DATA TRANSFER RATE
 The Data Transfer Rate (DTR) is commonly used to measure how fast data is transferred from
one location to another.
 Data Transfer Rate represents the amount of data transferred per second by a communications
channel.
Frequency is measured in Data rate is measured in units of
Cycles per second Hertz (Hz)  "bits per second (bps)"
 KiloHertz (KHz)  "bytes per second (Bps)"
o 1 KHz = 1000 Hz  Kilo bits per second (kbps)
 MegaHertz (MHz)  Kilo bytes per second (Kbps)
o 1 MHZ = 1000 KHz  Kilobytes per second (Kbps)
 Gigahertz (GHz) o 1 Kbps = 1024 bps
o 1 Ghz = 1000 MHz  Megabytes per second (Mbps)
 Terahertz (THz) o 1 Mbps = 1024 Kbps
o 1 THz = 1000 GHz  Gigabytes per second (Gbps)
o 1 Gbps = 1024 Mbps
 Terabytes per second (Tbps)
o 1 Tbps = 1024 Gbps

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
Components of Network / Data Communication
 Sender  Device capable of sending data
 Receiver  Device capable of receiving data
 Message  Data / Information to which is to be exchanged.
 Media  Path / forum in which the message travels (Ethernet, Microwave etc.,)
 Protocol  Set of rules that governs communication

Computer Networks
 Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET,
NSFNET, INTERNET)
 Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication
(sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication
media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet
switching)
 Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable),
Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
 Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)
 Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies
(Bus, Star, Tree)
 Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
 Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language
(XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting

DIFFERENTIATE QUESTIONS
1. ARPANET & NSFNET 11. PAN, LAN, MAN & WAN
2. IP Address & MAC Address 12. TCP & UDP
3. Circuit Switching & Packet Switching 13. HTTP & HTTPs
4. Packet Switching & Message Switching 14. POP & IMAP
5. Wired Media & Wireless Media 15. HTML & XML
6. Client-Server and Peer-to-peer 16. Web browser & Web Server
7. Intranet & Internet 17. WWW & Internet
8. Hub, Switch & Repeater 18. Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable & Fiber-
9. Bridge & Router optic cable
10. WiFi & WiMAX 19. STP & UTP
20. Radio waves, Microwaves & Infrared waves

DEFINE TERMS
1. Computer networks 11. Internet
2. Advantages & disadvantages of Networks 12. Domain name
3. Bandwidth 13. URL
4. Data Transfer Rate (DTR) 14. Web Page, Web Site
5. RJ45 15. Web Hosting
6. Modem 16. Evolution of networking
7. Gateway 17. Component of network
8. WiFi Card, Ethernet Card 18. Advantages & Disadvantages of BUS, STAR &
9. Protocols TREE Topology
10. WWW 19. Remote Login – Telnet & Remote access

20. Uses / Purpose of any protocols (FTP, HTTP, PPP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, TELNET, VoIP, DNS,TCP/IP)

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
Case Study - Hint
1. Suggest server block
 Block with more number of computer
2. Suggest best layout / topology / way to connect
 Star Topology / Bus Topology (Best option – Star Topology)
 Diagram

(Bus – Only for Low cost)

3. Suggest best device
 Hub – broadcast to all, shares bandwidth, less port, less expensive
 Switch – best device, send to receiver only, dedicated bandwidth
 Repeater – amplify the signal, to connect long distance more than 70m or 100m
 Bridge – connect similar protocol, MAC address
 Router – connect different protocol, IP address
 Gateway – connect dissimilar networks (LAN, MAN, WAN)
Where the device will be placed& Justify
 Switch/Hub – Placed in all the buildings, to connect the computers in each building
 Repeater – Between the two blocks, whose distance is more than 70m / 100m, because
repeater amplifies the signal
 Modem – Placed in server building, for enabling internet facility
4. Suggest / Identify type of network (Refer distance table)
 PAN – Person with two or more device
 LAN – upto 1 Km (or) 1000 m
 MAN – upto 100Km
 WAN – more than 100 Km
5. Suggest best medium
Wired / Guided medium
 Twisted Pair – less expensive, more noise, reduce crosstalk
 Co-axial – best medium, expensive than twisted pair
 Fibre optic – transmit using light, high speed, high cost, very efficient
 Ethernet cable – best cable
Wireless / Unguided Medium
 Infrared – cannot penetrate, short distance
 Microwave – best medium, high speed, high data rate
 Radio wave – using in hilly area, high penetration
 Satellite – long distance
6. Suggest Hardware / Software / Application / Protocol / Device
 Firewall – Protection, procure, monitoring, safe
 Modem – internet, wired device to connect internet
 WiFi – wireless device, to connect to internet
 Dialup, broadband – economic technology to provide internet
 Video conferencing – Face-to-Face communication, live interaction
o Application -Google meet, Webex, Zoom – Online facility to
connect/communicate
 VoIP – protocol to transmit voice over Internet, live interaction
 FTP – To transfer the file
 STMP – To send email
 Telnet – Remote login to access software / application of host system
 AnyDesk, Teamviewer – Remote access to work on host system
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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
Board Pattern Questions
"New Avenue" is a production firm that intends to grow its network outside of India. The
company operates four locations in Chennai: the administrative office, the main building, the back office,
and the production facility. The company's head office was located in Malasiya.

Main Admin Head

Office
INDIA

Back Production
Office Unit Malasiya

The number of computers at the each block and distance between the branches are given below
Branch Name No. of Computers From To Distance
Main 150 Main Admin 110 m
Admin 20 Main Back Office 14 km
Back Office 30 Production Main 50 m
Production Unit 75 Back office Admin 15 km
Head Office 10 Main Head Office 3000 km
1. Suggest the most suitable place to install the server in this organisation. State the reason.
Ans: Main building, as there are more number of computers.
2. The company is planning to link all the branches within India through a secure and high speed wired
medium. Suggest a way to connect all the branches.
Ans: Star Topology
3. Suggest a suitable topology or layout to connect the computers of all branches.
Ans: Star Topology
110 14 km
Admin Back office
m

Main

50 m

Production

4. Which device will you suggest to connect all the computers within its branches?
Ans: Switch
5. Suggest a device to be placed between the Main building and the Admin.
Ans: Repeater, because the distance between the two blocks is more than 70 m
6. Suggest a device to be placed in the Head office where data should be delivered to all the computers
every time.
Ans: Hub
7. Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification.
a) Repeater b) Hub/Switch
Ans: a) Repeater to be placed between Main to Admin & Main to Back office, as the distance is
more than 70 m
b) Switch/Hub is placed in each building to connect the computers within it.
8. Identify the type of network that will be formed between the Main building and Head office.
Ans: WAN, because the distance is more than 100km
9. The company is planning to connect the Admin block with the Back office. Identify the type of
network.
Ans: MAN, because the distance is more than 1 km.
10. Which type of network out of LAN, MAN, or WAN will be used for the network between Production
Unit and the Main building? Justify
Ans: LAN, because the distance is less than 1 km.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
11. Arrange the type of network in descending order LAN, WAN, PAN, MAN.
Ans: WAN, MAN, LAN, PAN
12. Suggest the type of wired medium for connecting all the computers in the network which is
economically benefit.
Ans: Twisted Pair Cable.
13. Suggest the best-wired medium to connect all the computers in the network.
Ans: Co-axial Cable
14. Suggest the wired medium to provide high-speed link with its head office situated at Malasiya.
Ans: Fiber optic cable.
15. Suggest the most suitable wired medium for efficiently connecting each computer installed in every
branch out of the following network cables
a) Telephone cable b) Ethernet cable
c) Single pair telephone cable d) Fiber optic cable e) Co-axial cable
Ans: b) Ethernet Cable
16. What will be the best possible connectivity out of the following will you suggest connecting the “New
Avenue” branches with its Head Office at Malasiya.
a) Infrared b) Microwave c) Radiowave d) Satellite
Ans: d) Satellite
17. Suggest the best wireless medium to connect the branches together.
Ans: Microwave
18. The company is planning to establish a new branch at Nilgiris which is a hilly area. Suggest a medium
to establish the connection.
Ans: Radio wave
19. Identify the wireless medium that cannot penetrate through an opaque object and is used in remote
controls.
Ans: Infrared
20. Suggest the device to establish an internet facility at the main building.
Ans: Modem
21. How to establish the internet connection at the Back office using a wireless device.
Ans: Wireless modem (or) WiFi
22. Mention an economic benefit of technology to provide internet accessibility at all the branches.
Ans: Dialup (or) broadband
23. Suggest hardware device/software to provide security/procure/ protect the computers in the
company “New Avenue”
Ans: Firewall
24. Which of the following will you suggest to establish online face-to-face communication between the
people in the Admin office at Chennai campus and the Malasiya Head Office?
a) Cable TV b) E-mail c) Text Chat d) Video Conference
Ans: d) Video conference
25. Which protocol will be used to conduct live interaction of the employees at the Production Unit with
the manager at the Head Office
Ans: VoIP
26. Suggest a protocol that can provide a video call facility.
Ans: VoIP
27. Which protocol is used to provide a wireless network connection?
Ans: WAP (Wireless Access Protocol) / 802.11g
28. Suggest a device to be placed within each block to share the bandwidth.
Ans: Hub sHint: Dedicated bandwidth: Switch
29. Mention the application/software through which online interaction with the manager in the Head
Office.
Ans: Google Meet, Zoom
30. Which technology is used to login the remote computer to access the software/application of the
host computer
Ans: Telnet
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 COMPUTER SCIENCE (083)
Expand
ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
Agency Network SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
NSFNET – National Science Foundation GSM – Global System for Mobile
SRI - Stanford Research Institute Communication
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
PAN - Personal Area Network VoLTE - Voice over Long- Term Evolution
LAN - Local Area Network LTE – Long Term Evolution
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network HDTV – High Definition Television
WAN - Wide Area Network
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair
MODEM - MOdulator DEModulator STP - Shielded Twisted Pair
RJ45 - Registered Jack-45 CAT - Category
ISP - Internet Service Provider WiFi – Wireless Fidelity
WiMax - Worldwide Interoperability for
MAC - Media Access Control Microwave Access
IP - Internet Protocol WLL – Wireless in Local Loop
NIC - Network Interface Card PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
AUI – Attachment Unit Interface NFS- Network File System
OUI - Organisational Unique Identifier EDGE - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

WWW - World Wide Web HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

W3C - World Wide Web Consortium HTTPS – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
URL - Uniform Resource Locator SSL – Secure Sockets Layer
URI – Uniform Resource Identifier TLS – Transport Layer Secure
URN – Uniform Resource Name FTP - File Transfer Protocol
DNS – Domain Name System PPP - Point to Point Protocol
TLD - Top Level Domain SLIP – Serial Line Internet Protocol
IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority LCP – Link Control Protocol
NCP – Network Control Protocol
DTR – Data Transfer Rate IPCP – IP Control Protocol
Hz – Hertz SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
bps –bits per second POP – Post Office Protocol
Bps – Bytes per second IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
MBps - Megabyte per second MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
Mbps - Megabit per second NNTP – Network News Transfer Protocol
LED – Light Emitting Diode TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
IoT – Internet of Things UDP – User Datagram Protocol
SMS – Short Message Service TELNET – Teletype Network
MMS – Multimedia Messaging Service. VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol
1G - First Generation SIP – Session Initiation Protocol
2G – Second Generation WAP – Wireless Access Protocol
3G – Third Generation
4G – Fourth Generation HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
5G – Fifth Generation DHTML – Dynamic HTML
M2M - Machine to Machine XML – eXtensible Language

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