327 همك
307311
CHAPTER Dr. Hesham Gorashy
Office 7
hesham.gorshy@gmail.com
Omdurman Islamic University
7 Faculty of Engineering Science
Department of
Mechanical Engineering
AY: 2023-2024 – SEM 1
MOHR’S CIRCLE FOR PLANE STRESS
All figures & material are taken from Design
All figures & material are taken from Design
of Machinery, 3rd ed. Robert Norton 2003of Machinery, 3rd ed. Robert Norton 2003
Mechanics of Materials” by Ferdinand P. Beer, Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
MOHR’S CIRCLE FOR PLANE STRESS
Mohr’s circle is named after the famous German civil engineer Otto Christian Mohr
(1835–1918), who developed the circle in 1882.
✓ The transformation equations for plane stress can be represented in
graphical form by a plot known as Mohr’s circle.
✓ This graphical representation is extremely useful because it enables you
to visualize the relationships between the normal and shear stresses
acting on various inclined planes at a point of a stressed body.
✓ It also provides a means for calculating principal stresses, maximum
shear stresses, and stresses on inclined planes.
Equations of Mohr’s Circle
The equations of Mohr’s circle can be derived from the transformation
equations for plane stress (Eqs. 7-4a and 7-4b)
these two equations are the equations of a circle in parametric form. The
angle 2θ is the parameter and the stresses σx1 and τx1y1 are the coordinates.
To eliminate the parameter 2θ, we square both sides of each equation and
then add the two equations. The equation that results
(7-30)
But:
(7-31 a,b)
Equation (7-30) now becomes
(7-32)
which is the equation of a circle in standard algebraic form. The coordinates are σx1 and
τx1y1 , the radius is R, and the center of the circle has coordinates σx1 = σaver and τx1y1 = 0.
Two Forms of Mohr’s Circle
Mohr’s circle can be plotted from Eqs. (7-29) and (7-32) in either of two
forms.
In the first form of Mohr’s circle, we plot the normal
stress σx1 positive to the right and the shear stress
τx1y1 positive downward, as shown in Fig. 7-14a. The
advantage of plotting shear stresses positive
downward is that the angle 2θ on Mohr’s circle will
Fig. 7-14
be positive when counterclockwise.
In the second form of Mohr’s circle, τx1y1 is plotted
positive upward but the angle 2θ is now positive
clockwise (Fig. 7-14b), which is opposite to its
usual positive direction.
Through this course we will choose the first form of Mohr’s circle
(Fig. 7-14a) in which positive shear stress is plotted downward
and a positive angle 2θ is plotted counterclockwise Fig. 7-14
Construction of Mohr’s Circle
Mohr’s circle can be constructed in many ways, depending upon which
stresses are known and which are to be found.
let us assume that we know the stresses σx , σy
, and τxy acting on the x and y planes of an
element in plane stress (Fig. 7-15a).
the information from the element is sufficient to
construct the circle. Fig. 7-15a
Then, with the circle drawn, we can determine
the stresses σx1 , σy1 , and τx1y1 acting on an
inclined element (Fig. 7-15b). We can also
obtain the principal stresses and maximum shear
stresses from the circle.
Fig. 7-15b
CW
τmax
2θs
X(σx,τxy)
Y(σy,τxy) CCW
Drawing of the circle:
Example
At a point on the surface of a pressurized cylinder, the material is
subjected to biaxial stresses σx = 90 MPa and σy = 20 MPa, as shown
on the stress element of Figure below. Using Mohr’s circle,
determine the stresses acting on an element inclined at an angle θ =
30° . (Consider only the in-plane stresses, and show the results on a
sketch of a properly oriented element.)
Construction of Mohr’s circle.
We begin by setting up the axes for the normal and shear stresses, with σx1 positive
to the right and τx1y1 positive downward, as shown in Fig. Then we place the center
C of the circle on the σx1 axis at the point where the stress equals the average
normal stress (Eq. 7-31a)
C
σx1
o σavg= 55 θ = 0°
τx1y1
Point A, representing the stresses on the x face of the element (θ = 0°), has
coordinates
Was given
σx1 =20 MPa
B C A
σx1
o σavg =55 MPa θ = 0°
σx1 =90 MPa
τx1y1
Similarly, the coordinates of point B,
representing the stresses on the y face (θ
=90°), are
Now we draw the circle through points A and B with center at C and radius
R (see Eq. 7-31b) equal to
R
σx1 =20 MPa C A
σx1
o B σ
avg =55 MPa θ = 0°
σx1 =90 MPa
τx1y1 Was given
Stresses on an element inclined at θ = 30°
The stresses acting on a plane oriented at an angle θ = 30° are given by the
coordinates of point D, which is at an angle 2θ = 60° from point A (Fig. b).
By inspection of the circle, we see that the coordinates of point D are
Fig. b
Summary:
From this discussion we see how the stresses represented by points
on Mohr’s circle are related to the stresses acting on an element.
The stresses on an inclined plane defined by the angle u (Fig. 7-
15b) are found on the circle at the point where the angle from the
reference point (point A) is 2θ. Thus, as we rotate the x1y1 axes
counterclockwise through an angle θ (Fig. 7-15b), the point on
Mohr’s circle corresponding to the x1 face moves counterclockwise
through an angle 2θ. Similarly, if we rotate the axes clockwise
through an angle, the point on the circle moves clockwise through
an angle twice as large.
Principal Stresses
Discussions
