HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages
and web applications. It provides the structure and layout for web content,
allowing developers to define elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, images,
and more.
DOCTYPE Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is an essential part of any HTML document. It informs
the web browser about the type and version of HTML being used, ensuring that the
document is rendered correctly. This declaration must be placed at the very top of
an HTML document, before the <html> tag.
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
</body>
</html>
Importance of <!DOCTYPE>
Ensures Correct Rendering: It ensures that the browser renders the page using
standards mode, avoiding quirks mode, which can lead to inconsistent rendering
across different browsers.
Compatibility: Provides better compatibility across different browsers and enables
the use of modern HTML and CSS features.
SEO: Improves search engine optimization (SEO) by ensuring clean and well-
structured HTML code.
What Happens if <!DOCTYPE> is Missing?
If the <!DOCTYPE> declaration is missing, browsers may render the page in quirks
mode, causing unexpected behaviors, incorrect styling, and inconsistent rendering
across browsers
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HTML Elements and Content Categories
HTML elements are categorized into different content categories that group elements
sharing common characteristics. These categories help define and describe the
shared behavior and associated rules of the elements
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Common HTML Elements:
Headings: <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc.
Paragraphs: <p>
Links: <a href="URL">Link Text</a>
Images: <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">
Lists: <ul>, <ol>, <li>
HTML Comments
HTML comments are used to add explanatory notes to the markup or to prevent the
browser from interpreting specific parts of the document. Comments are enclosed
within <!-- and -->
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Example:
<!-- This is a comment -->
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Form Validation
HTML5 introduced new mechanisms for form validation, including new semantic types
for the <input> element and constraint validation to ease the work of checking form
content on the client side
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Example:
<form>
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Responsive Images
Responsive images are designed to work well on devices with varying screen sizes,
resolutions, and other features. HTML provides tools to implement responsive
images, improving performance across different devices
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Example:
<img src="small.jpg" srcset="large.jpg 1024w, medium.jpg 640w, small.jpg 320w"
alt="Responsive Image">
Viewport Meta Element
The viewport meta element is used to control the viewport's size and shape,
ensuring that web pages are displayed correctly on different devices
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Example:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
By following best practices in HTML syntax and adhering to W3C recommendations, web
developers can create well-structured, optimized, and future-proof web pages
