CH- STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
TOPIC 1: Discovery of Sub Atomic Particles
1. Discovery of Electron
2. Charge to Mass ratio of Electron
3. Charge on electron
4. Discovery of Protons and Neutrons
TOPIC 2: Atomic Models (IMP)
1. Thomson Model of Atom
2. Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of atom
3. Atomic number and Mas number
4. Isobars and Isotopes
5. Drawbacks of Rutherford Model
TOPIC 3: Developments Leading to Bohr’s Model of Atom
1. Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation
2. Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation: Planck’s Quantum
Theory
3. Photoelectric Effects
4. Dual behavior of electromagnetic radiation
5. Evidence for the quantized electronic energy levels
6. Emission and Absorption spectra
7. Line spectrum of Hydrogen
TOPIC 4: Bohr Model for Hydrogen Atom
1. Explanation of Line spectrum of Hydrogen
2. Limitations of Bohr’s Model
TOPIC 5: Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the
Atom
1. Dual behavior of matter
2. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
3. Significance of uncertainty principle
4. Reasons for the failure of the Bohr Model
TOPIC 6: Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
1. Hydrogen atom and the Schrödinger equation
2. Orbitals and Quantum nos.
3. Shapes of Atomic Orbitals
4. Energies of Orbitals
5. Filling of Orbitals in Atom
6. Aufbau Principle
7. Pauli Exclusion Principle
8. Hund’s Rule
9. Electronic configuration of Atoms
10. Stability of completely filled and half-filled subshells
PA-1.
1. (a) Calculate the energy of each of the photons which (i) correspond to light of frequency 3 into 10 to
power 15 hz (ii) have wavelength of 0.50 A. (b) Calculate the no. of e- which will together weigh one
gram. (3 mrks )
2. (a) Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 242 nm is just sufficient to ionise the sodium atom.
Calculate the energy of sodium in J. (b) Electrons are emitted with zero velocity from a metal surface
when it is exposed to radiation of wavelength 6800 A. Calculate threshold frequency. (3marks)
3. (a) What are defects of Rutherford's model of an atom? How did Bohr overcome these defects? (b)
Define (i) Pauli's exclusion Principen (ii) Hund's Rule (3 marks)
4. (i) Define the 4 quantum nos. Explain the significance of each with suitable examples. ( 2marks)
5. What is the maximum no. of e- that can be accomodated in sheel with principal quantum number
n=4? (1 mrks)
6. How will u define Black body radiation? (1 marks).
7. Write the electonic confg. of Cu and S-2 (1 marks).
8. Explain the following (a) Aufbau Principle (b) De broglie equation (c) Emission spectrum and
absorption spectrum (3marks). so most of all the questions are from ncert.
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E=hv
h=6.626×10−34J⋅s
c=3×108 m/sc = 3 \times 10^8 \, m/sc=3×108m/s
1 eV=1.602×10−19 J1\,eV = 1.602 \times 10^{-19}\, J1eV=1.602×10−19J
When u doubted urself, but u still did it
When u worked so hard to be where u are now.
Quick formulas (the only ones you need)
1. E=hνE = h\nuE=hν — energy of a photon from frequency.
2. E=hcλE = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}E=λhc — same energy from wavelength (λ\lambdaλ).
3. ν=cλ \nu = \dfrac{c}{\lambda}ν=λc — frequency from wavelength.
Constants (use these; good enough for class-11):
h=6.62607015×10−34 J⋅sh = 6.62607015\times 10^{-34}\ \mathrm{J\cdot
s}h=6.62607015×10−34 J⋅s
c=2.99792458×108 m/sc = 2.99792458\times 10^8\
\mathrm{m/s}c=2.99792458×108 m/s (≈ 3.00×1083.00\times10^83.00×108)
1 eV=1.602176634×10−19 J1\ \mathrm{eV} = 1.602176634\times10^{-19}\ \
mathrm{J}1 eV=1.602176634×10−19 J
mass of electron me=9.10938356×10−31 kgm_e = 9.10938356\times10^{-31}\ \
mathrm{kg}me=9.10938356×10−31 kg
Unit conversions you’ll use:
1 A˚=1×10−10 m1\ \text{Å} = 1\times10^{-10}\ \text{m}1 A˚=1×10−10 m
1 nm=1×10−9 m1\ \text{nm} = 1\times10^{-9}\ \text{m}1 nm=1×10−9 m
1 g=1×10−3 kg1\ \text{g} = 1\times10^{-3}\ \text{kg}1 g=1×10−3 kg
