WEEK 12 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION
1. Which of the following are themselves a collection of different data
types?
a) String
b) Array
c) Character
d) Structure
Solution: (d) Structure
Structure is a user defined data type available in C that allows combining data
items of different kinds.
2. Which of the following comments about the usage structures is true?
a) Storage class can be assigned to individual member
b) Individual members can be initialized within a structure type
declaration
c) The scope of the member name is confined to the particular
structure, within which it is defined
d) None
Solution: (c) The scope of the member name is confined to the particular
structure, within which it is defined
3. What will be output of the program?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i;
int *ptr = (int *) malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
*(ptr + i) = i;
printf("%d ", *ptr++);
printf("%d ", (*ptr)++);
printf("%d ", *ptr);
printf("%d ", *++ptr);
printf("%d ", ++*ptr);
return 0;
}
a) Error
b) 0 1 2 3 4
WEEK 12 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION
c) 1 2 3 4 5
d) 0 1 2 2 3
Solution: (d) 0 1 2 2 3
The important things to remember for handling such questions are--
Prefix ++ and * operators have the same precedence and right to left
associativity. Postfix ++ has higher precedence than the above two mentioned
operators and associativity is from left to right.
We can apply the above two rules to guess all
*ptr++ is treated as *(ptr++)
*++ptr is treated as *(++ptr)
++*ptr is treated as ++(*ptr)
4. What will be output of the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int arr[]) {
arr = arr+1;
printf("%d ", arr[0]);
}
int main() {
int arr[3] = {5, 10, 15};
fun(arr);
printf("%d ", arr[0]);
printf("%d ", arr[1]);
return 0;
}
a) 5 10 10
b) 10 5 15
c) 10 5 10
d) 10 15 5
Solution: (c) 10 5 10
In C, array parameters are treated as pointers So the variable arr represents an
array in main(), but a pointer in fun().
5. What is the output of the following C code? Assume that the address of x
is 2000 (in decimal) and an integer requires four bytes of memory
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int x[4][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
WEEK 12 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION
printf("%u, %u, %u", x+3, *(x+3), *(x+2)+3);
}
a) 2036 2036 2036
b) 2012 4 2204
c) 2036 10 10
d) 2012 4 6
Solution: (a) 2036 2036 2036
x = 2000
Since x is considered as a pointer to an array of 3 integers and an integer
takes 4 bytes, value of x + 3 = 2000 + 3*3*4 = 2036
The expression, *(x + 3) also prints the same address as x is 2D array.
The expression *(x + 2) + 3 = 2000 + 2*3*4 + 3*4 = 2036
6. The program will allocate …….bytes to ptr. Assume sizeof(int)=4.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *ptr;
ptr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*4);
ptr = realloc(ptr,sizeof(int)*2);
return 0;
}
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) None
Solution: (c) 8
We can also use the realloc() to change memory block size.
7. What is the output of the following C program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int *p, a=10;
p=&10;
printf("%d",*p);
return 0;
}
WEEK 12 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION
a) 10
b) a
c) address of a
d) compilation error
Solution: (d) A pointer variable can be assigned as the address of any
constant. Thus, the compiler will show error as “[Error] lvalue required as
unary '&' operand”.
8. What is the output?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct xyz{ int a;};
struct xyz obj1={11};
struct xyz obj2 = obj1;
printf("%d", obj2.a);
obj2.a = 101;
printf("%d", obj1.a);
printf("%d", obj2.a);
return 0;
}
a) 1111011
b) 1111101
c) 1110111
d) 1110011
Solution: (b) 1111101
Initially, obj2 stores the value of obj1, which is 11. When obj2 is changed, obj1
remains the same and therefore, it prints 1111101
9. Calling a function f with a an array variable a[3] where a is an array, is
equivalent to
a) f(a[3])
b) f(*(a + 3))
c) f(3[a])
d) all of the mentioned
Solution: (d) all the methods are correct.
WEEK 12 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION
10. What is the output of the following C program?
#include <stdio.h>
struct p
{
int x;
char y;
};
int main()
{
struct p p1[] = {1,21,69,42,64};
struct p *ptr1 = p1;
int x = (sizeof(p1) / 4);
if (x == sizeof(int) + 2*sizeof(char))
printf("True");
else
printf("False");
return 0;
}
a) True
b) False
c) No output
d) Compilation error
Solution: (a) True
Due to padding operations of structures the sizeof struct p1 is 24.
The reason is as follows:
The memory assignment of struct p is as follows:
int 1st byte int 2nd byte int 3rd byte int 4th byte char
To store the second element of p1 i.e. 21, 3 bytes are padded, which makes it
8 bytes.
While storing the 3rd element, the memory gets allocated for 8*2=16 bytes as
shown below.
1st element 2nd element
3rd element Blank spaces
Finally the memory structure of p1 will look like this
1st element 2nd element
3rd element 4th element
5th element Blank spaces
In the program, x = 24/4 = 6. And sizeof(int) +2* sizeof(char) is also 6.
Therefore, the TRUE is printed.
