What is a Computer Worm?
A computer worm is a type of malicious software (malware) that can replicate and spread
across computers on its own, without needing to attach to a program or file.
It’s like a virus — but more independent and aggressive in how it spreads.
How a Worm Works
1. Entry
A worm enters a system through:
o A vulnerability (security hole) in the OS or software
o Phishing emails or infected links
o Network connections (like shared drives)
2. Self-Replication
It copies itself automatically without user action.
3. Spreading
It scans the network for other vulnerable systems and infects them.
4. Payload Execution (Optional)
Some worms just spread, while others carry harmful payloads:
o Data theft
o Creating backdoors
o Dropping other malware
o Launching DDoS attacks
Key Difference Between Worms and Viruses
Feature Virus Worm
Needs a Host File? Yes No
No (needs user to run infected
Spreads Automatically? Yes
file)
Common Delivery Networks, vulnerable
Infected files, email attachments
Methods systems
Feature Virus Worm
Can Cause Damage? Yes Yes
Real-World Examples of Worms
• ILOVEYOU (2000) – Spread via email; caused billions in damage
• Conficker (2008) – Infected millions of Windows machines worldwide
• WannaCry (2017) – A worm combined with ransomware; shut down hospitals and
businesses globally
How to Protect Against Worms
• Install and update antivirus and anti-malware software
• Regularly update your operating system
• Use a firewall to block unauthorized access
• Be cautious with email attachments and links
• Disable file sharing if not needed
