Signal Systems & Communication Laboratory(software)
Department of Electronics and Comm. Engg.
Experiment No. 03
1 Aim
Generate the Exponential & Trigonometry Fourier series representation for a given signal.
2 Software Required
MATLAB
3 Theory
A periodic signal can be represented over a certain interval of time in terms of the linear combination
of orthogonal functions, which are a function of different harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
a) Exponential fourier series representation- General periodic signal x (t) can be represented as
a linear combination of harmonically related complex exponential.
∞
X
x(t) = ak ejkω0 t (1)
k=−∞
where ak are Fourier series coefficients & complex in nature. These are defined as follows-
Z T
1
ak = x(t)e−jkω0 t dt (2)
T 0
2π
ω0 = T ......(Fundamental Frequency)
T = Fundamental period.
b) Trigonometric Fourier series
A periodic signal can be expressed as a linear combination of sinusoidal signals. The periodic signal
x (t) can be represented as sine & cosine of fundamental frequency ω0 and all of its harmonics and
expressed as given below:
∞
X ∞
X
x(t) = a0 + ak . cos (kω0 t)+ bk . sin (kω0 t) (3)
k=1 k=1
.
where a0 - DC/ Average value.
The fundamental frequency of x (t) and coefficients a0 , ak and bk are referred to as the trigonometric
Fourier series coefficients. The coefficients are calculated as follows:
Z
1
a0 = x(t).dt (4)
T T
Z
2
ak = x(t). cos (kω0 t)dt (5)
T T
Z
2
bk = x(t). sin (kω0 t)dt (6)
T T
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4 Procedure
1. Calculate the exponential Fourier series coefficients using equation 2.
2. Calculate the summation as per equation 1.
3. Generate the Amplitude and Phase Spectrum of Fourier series Coefficients
4. Reconstruct the signal by adding multiple harmonics and plot the reconstructed signal.
5. Calculate trigonometric Fourier series representation using equations 4,5,6.
6. Reconstruct and plot the signal x (t) using equation 3.
5 Functions Used
syms, int, ezplot
6 Observation
1. Sketch the exponential Fourier series spectra
2. Comment on the magnitude & phase spectra of the Fourier series coefficients
3. Sketch the trigonometric Fourier Series representation of the signal
4. Find the signal bandwidth
7 Analysis of results
Write Your Own.
8 Conclusions
Write Your Own
9 Precautions
Observation should be taken properly
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