Department of Education

National Capital Region

4 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

MARIKINA CITY

ENGLISH
First Quarter - Module 7
Word Association and
Classification

Writer: Jason V. Panay

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Patrick R. Mella Jr.

1
 What I Need to Know

Good day learners of the English language! In this lesson, you are
going to learn how to:

Get the meaning of words through:

A. word association(analogy) EN4V-IIIh-39; and
B. word classification EN4V-IIIi-19

In this lesson, you will also learn how to:

1. build vocabulary through word associations (analogy); and

2. identify appropriate meaning of a word based on word classification.

What I Know

As a young child, one of the things that you are used to doing
everyday is probably to compare. This is a skill you practice without really
planning for it. When you say, “Why can’t I have a cellular phone when my
brother has it?” you are already comparing. In this lesson, you will do
practice exercises on comparison and use it to improve your ability to
reason.

So, here is a short quiz to enjoy! Good luck!

Pre-Assessment Activity
Choose the phrase that is similar to the given example.
1. Shih Tzu is to dog, as ___________
A. apple is to orange
B. Philippine eagle is to bird
C. brother is to sister
D. happy is to funny

2. Green : go:: _____________

A. red : stop
B. rich : poor
C. on : off
D. carrot : vegetable
1
 3. Health Workers
A. teachers, pupils, principal
B. doctors, midwives, nurses
C. doctors, nurses, street sweepers
D. mayor, senator, president

4. What is the common term for the given words below?

______________________________

hammer, pliers, screwdriver, chisel, nails, screws, ladder

5. Flash is to camera: mouse is to computer

What is a mouse?

___________________________________________________________________

Lesson
A. Word Association
1 (Analogy)

What’s In

Last time, you have learned to identify different meanings of content

specific words using denotation and connotation.

Denotation is the literal, specific, exact, and concrete meaning of a

word. It is the usual definition of the word you will find in a dictionary.
Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the emotional, contextual /
cultural meaning associated with a word. It is an idea or quality that a
word makes you think about in addition to its meaning. It also refers to
shades and degrees of meaning of a word. It can be negative or positive.

Read the paragraph below. Replace the words inside the parentheses
with words from the box that have the same denotation.

shortness of breath latest frequently

prevent properly
2
 At the end of 2019, a (new) ________ type of coronavirus began
making people sick with flu-like symptoms such as cough, sore throat,
fever, tiredness and (difficulty in breathing) ________________. Coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by a virus called
SARS-CoV-2 that can make your body sick. You should give your body lots
of sleep and wash your hands (well) __________and (often) __________ so that
you can avoid catching the virus. Regular hand washing also helps (stop)
__________ viruses from spreading to others. Be a good role model and
promote social distancing.

Try to analyze the set of words listed below.

1. symptom is to fever as virus is to COVID 19

2. well : properly : often : frequently
3. good is to bad as promote is to prevent

Note the similar and opposite characteristics of the given words in

each set. The examples shown above emphasize the relationships between
the set of words.
Example 1 shows a category and type/kind relationship. COVID 19
is a kind of virus, while fever is a type of symptom for a more serious
condition.
Example 2 is an example of synonyms. Doing something well means
doing it properly and doing something often also means doing it frequently.
Example 3 are pairs of antonyms. Good is the opposite of bad, while
promoting something is the opposite of preventing it.
In order to tell the relationship of words, we use logical thinking or
reasoning to recognize the likeness or differences between the related
words. This is what we call word association or analogy.

What’s New
A. Pre-Reading Activities:

1. Motivation:

What disease caused pandemic in the world in the year 2020?

Who do you consider as heroes during this pandemic?

3
 2. Unlocking of Difficulties:

A. Indication
B. Tiredness
C. Regular
D. Rule
E. cleaned

_____ 1. If you have cough and fever, better consult with the doctor because
they could be symptoms of Covid19.
_____ 2. Everything should be sanitized to keep us safe from the virus.
_____ 3. There are etiquette that needs to be followed in specific places.
_____ 4. Fatigue is caused by too much work.

B. During Reading Activity:

Your Little Body is a Warrior

Jason V. Panay

“The best nurse in the world is my big sister.” Art said. She is one of
the frontliners battling COVID-19. Art asked her sister about the
characteristics of the new coronavirus. Her sister said that Coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by a virus called
SARS-CoV-2. It can make your body sick. It is so tiny that it cannot be
seen by the naked eye. Therefore, scientists use microscopes to study the
virus. Also, it easily spreads through direct contact with people who are
already infected. The symptoms of the virus are cough, fever, sore throat,
fatigue, and difficulty in breathing.

"How can we fight the virus if we cannot see it?" Art thought.
4
 “I can fight and prevent the spread of the virus by practicing frequent
and proper handwashing, observing proper cough etiquette, covering my
mouth and nose, and maintaining at least one-meter distance from others.
Even a student like me can help others if I share this information,” Art said
to himself.

Art saw some kids playing outside. He told them and advised them to
maintain physical distance. He also told them to wear a mask and face
shield.

His sister finally arrived from the hospital. She removed her shoes
before entering the house and changed her clothes. She was tired and
hungry. She went directly to the dining table to get some food. Art acted
quickly to stop her sister. He reminded her sister about the virus and
asked to wash her hands first. She thanked her little brother for reminding
her that she should always keep her hands clean and sanitized whenever
she comes home from the hospital and before she eats her food. In that
way, they could help prevent the spreading of the virus from one person to
another.

Just like Art’s, your body is a little warrior. You must take care of it.
You have to keep it safe and healthy. You may be young, but you can help
others. You can be a hero.

C. Post Reading Activity

1. What causes coronavirus?

_________________________________________________________________

2. How does the virus spread?

_________________________________________________________________

3. As a child, what can you do to prevent the spread of this virus?

_________________________________________________________________

4. If you were Art, what will you do if you have a family member
working as a frontliner during this time of crisis?
_________________________________________________________________

5. Why did Art call himself a “little warrior”?

_________________________________________________________________

6. What is your message to our frontliners?

_________________________________________________________________

5
 7. These are some words taken from the selection. Read them.
little virus new droplet

symptoms warrior hero sanitize

young clean
8. Are these words familiar to you?
____________________________________________________________________
9. What will you do to get the meaning of these words?
____________________________________________________________________

What is It
Word Association (Analogy) is a comparison of two words that may
have similar or opposite traits or characteristics. By associating the
different words, a type of relationship may be observed through definition,
antonym, synonym, function, part to whole, degree, type or kind, and
characteristics.
Study the word associations below and identify their relationship.
Choose your answer from the options in the box below.
definition antonym synonym
function part to whole degree
type or kind characteristic

1. Little is to small as microscopic is to tiny

Answer: _____________________________
2. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease. It is
caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2
Answer: _____________________________
The words little, small, microscopic, and tiny are synonyms or words
with similar meaning.
COVID-19 is a type of infectious disease. This shows a type or kind
word association.

STRATEGY TIPS!
Remember that word association (analogy) can be a comparison of two
words that may have similar or opposite traits or characteristics. To solve
the analogy in the activities below, analyze the relationship between the
first word pair given.
6
 What’s More

Activity 1
What word should come next to complete the set of related words?
Choose correct answer from the words in the box then write it on the blank.

1. quiet : calm :: peace : ______________

noise loud serene

2. big : large :: gigantic : ______________

massive small petite

3. beauty : elegance :: grace : ______________

noise charm serene

4. novice : expert :: student : ______________

teacher child parent

5. fish : aquarium :: birds : ______________

stable barn cage

Activity 2
Complete the following analogies. Choose the correct answer from the
words in the box.

miniscule sanitized SARS-CoV-2 coughing fighter

1. Best is to finest as clean is to ___________________________________

2. Little is to small as microscopic is to _____________________________
3. Prevent is to inhibit as warrior is to ______________________________
4. Symptoms is to cough as reflex is to _____________________________
5. Disease is to COVID-19 as virus is to ____________________________

7
Activity 3
Complete the analogy.
1. Frog is to amphibian as snake is to _______________.
2. Crowd is to audience as team is to ________________.
3. Intelligent is to smart as brave is to ______________.
4. Fireworks is to New Year as lantern is to ___________.
5. Gas is to stove as electricity is to __________________.

What I Have Learned

Remember that:

● Word Association (Analogy) is a comparison of two words

or things that may have _____________ or _____________ traits
or characteristics. Through comparison, we can infer the
meaning and relationship of words.

● Relationships between the meaning of words include

_____________, _____________, _____________, _____________,
_____________, _____________, _____________, and
_____________.

What I Can Do
Let’s see how well you can apply what you learned. Use your
reasoning ability to identify the relationship between the given words.
Choose your answer from the following: Synonyms, Antonyms, Part/Whole
Relationship, or Category

Example: close : open :: wide : narrow synonyms

glossary : book :: keyboard : computer part/whole

1. flower : ilang-ilang :: plant : tomato _________________________

2. hot :cold :: good : evil _________________________
3. expensive : pricey :: thrifty : frugal _________________________
4. kitchen : house :: classroom : school _________________________
5. attractive : nice-looking :: severe : harsh _________________________
8
 Assessment

Below are pairs of associated words. Choose the pair of words from
the options that has a similar relationship. Use the words in your chosen
word pair to complete the sentence(s) that follow.
1. birds is to nest
a. humans is to stable
b. bees is to hive
c. fish is to sand
d. bird is to barn

Birds make their home in a nest.

____________ make their home in a __________.
2. Christmas tree is to Christmas
a. hearts is to Valentine’s Day
b. lantern is to New Year
c. firework is to Graduation Day
d. flags is to Nutrition Month

Christmas trees are associated with Christmas.

____________ remind us of __________.
3. hear : ears :: ________ : ________
a. taste : food
b. skin : touch
c. see : eyes
d. hand : make

Ears are used to hear.

____________ are used to __________.
4. walk is to feet
a. taste is to tongue
b. skin is to feel
c. see is to ear
d. hand is to wave

Walk is the action of the feet

____________ is the action of the __________.
5. nails is to finger
a. neck is to necklace
b. whale is to swim
c. egg is to chicken
d. root is to plant
Your nail is part of a finger
The____________ is part of a __________
9
 Additional Activities

Choose which pair of words matches the type of word association

being asked. Circle the letter of the best answer.

1. Function
A. glass :eat
B. pillow: fight
C. bed : sleep

2. Part to Whole
A. kitchen : house
B. chair : table
C. ring : finger

3. Type/Kind
A. SARS-CoV-2 : virus
B. elephant : reptile
C. jeepney : motorcycle

4. Definition
A. baby horse is a foal
B. baby duck is a chick
C. baby pig is a kid

5. Synonym
A. venom : poison
B. boy : girl
C. top : bottom

10
 Lesson

2 B. Word Classification

What’s In

Let’s have some extra practice on word association using some terms
you have come across in your Science subject. Use the given words in the
box to complete the tree diagram below.

Gas Liquid smoke water rock

States of Matter

Solid 1. 2.

3. ice lava 4. 5. fog

What’s New
A. Pre-Reading Activities:
1. Motivation:

Children, like you, are naturally curious, you want to discover why
things are the way they are. Explore your immediate surroundings and ask
yourself.
Why do the materials we see around exist in different forms?
__________________________________________________________________________
What are their distinct properties or characteristics?
__________________________________________________________________________

11
 3. Unlocking of Difficulties
Write the letter that gives correct meaning of the underlined word
in each sentence.

A. thickness
B. the process of absorbing something
C. to be slowly destroyed by natural process
D. the way that something feels when you touch it
E. a reddish substance that forms on iron or some other metal

_____ 1. The texture of her skin is smooth and silky. It’s so nice to the
touch.
_____ 2. Things that have high density will float because they are heavy.
_____ 3. This sponge has high absorption quality. It sucked all the water in
the bowl.
_____ 4. Dead animals will start decaying after a few days.

B. During Reading Activity:

Properties of Matter
Jason Panay

In your earlier years of studying Science, you discover that the Earth
is made up of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has
weight. You have also learned that it is classified with its states: solid,
liquid and gas. Objects around us can be described in many ways using
shapes, sizes, color, odor and texture. It is referred to as properties of
matter.
Properties describe how an object looks, feels, or acts. These are
traits that can be measured. One example is an object’s density. Soft
woods, ice, and cork can float, while marble, rock and steel can sink.
Another property is absorption. Sponges, towels and tissue have this trait
because they can absorb water.

Matter can also be described based on how it changes when it reacts

with other substances. This is called chemical property. Decaying is an
example. This happens in fruits, vegetables, and human and animal
wastes. The ability to rust is another example. This can be seen when
materials made from steel or iron are exposed to air and water. All things
are made of matter and learning about their properties helps us
understand the world we live in.

12
 C. Post Reading Activity

1. The earth is made up of _______________________.

2. What are the states of matter based on the selection? Write your
answer on the graphic organizer below.

Matter

3. What are the properties of matter described in the selection?

Properties
of Matter

4. What are the examples of matter with density?

Materials Materials
that float that sink
in water in water

13
 5. The things listed below have chemical properties. Group them based
on their reaction with other substances.
animal waste fruits metal chairs

bicycles vegetables

Things that Decay Things that Rust

What is It

What we did in the Post -reading Activity above is called classifying.

Word classification is grouping and classifying related words. Words can
be grouped and classified together based on their similarity. Words can
be grouped or classified collectively according to use, type or kind,
function, and characteristics.

Below are examples. The words in bold type are the classifications
while the words in italics are the related words.

Cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue and difficulty in breathing are

symptoms of COVID-19.

Column, headline, obituary, classified ads, editorial, and general news

are parts of a newspaper.

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet are colors of a
rainbow.

Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen and King are six types of pieces
in a Chess game.

Pillows, mattresses, top sheets, bottom sheet, foam, and headboard

are found in a bed.

14
 Here’s another example of word classification. Notice how the words
are classified using a graphic organizer.

Happiness North

Feelings Primary
Anger

South
West
Hurt
directions

Sadness East

Let’s analyze.
Happy, hurt, anger and hurt are all feelings. Notice that feelings is at
the center of the organizer and all the feelings are on the sides.
North, South, West and East are all Primary directions.

What’s More

Activity 1
The words inside each box can be classified in to one word. Encircle the
the letter that refer to all the words in the box.
1.
a. weeks
Monday Tuesday Wednesday
b. months
c. days

2.
a. Ordinal numbers
First Second Third
b. Cardinal number
c. Bishop numbers

15
 3.
a. hero
Gabriela Silang
b. artist
Andres Bonifacio
c. president
Jose Rizal

4.
a. national artist
Ryan Cayabyab Larry Alcala
b. national hero
Kidlat Tahimik
c. national symbol

5.
a. sound
Trumpet Maracas Piano
b. play
c. instrument

Activity 2
What are the things that people wear and bring during rainy season?
Write your answers to complete the web diagram below.

1. ___________________

2. 3.
___________ ____________

4. _________________ 5. ___________________

16
Activity 3
Write the classification of the words in each set.

mothballs teacher frog

pesticides doctor toad
lead paints firefighter salamander
insecticides police officer newt

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

Love for God (Maka-Diyos) Rodrigo Duterte

Love for fellow men or others Benigno Aquino III
(Makatao) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Love for nature (Maka-kalikasan) Joseph Estrada
Love for the country (Makabansa)

________________________________________ ________________________

What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we focused on grouping and classifying related words.
You can group or classify words collectively according to _____________,
_____________, _____________, and _____________.

STRATEGY TIPS!
Remember that you must identify the right
classification of words to group them according to
their similarity.

17
 What I Can Do
Look for the words related to food. These words are things you can
eat, things you can drink, and words that quantify food. Classify these
words by completing the table on the next page. Have fun!

Things you can eat Things you can drink Food quantifiers

Assessment
A. Classify the words in each box. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1.
teacher principal registrar guidance councilor
a. school personnel
b. school head
c. school facility
2.
January December March June

a. Weeks in a month
b. Days of the week
c. Months in a year
18
 3.
thimble and threader scissors needles threads
a. Carpentry tools
b. sewing tools
c. electrical tools
4.
addition subtraction multiplication division
a. math basic operations
b. science advance operations
c. math basic shapes
5.
Philippines Independence Day Rizal Day Labor Day
Philippines Independence Day
a. fiestas Philippines Independence Day
b. holidays Philippines Independence Day
c. Celebrations

B. Write 3 words that can be classified under each heading.

1. Symptoms of Covid19

____________________ ____________________ _________________

Essential workers
2.

____________________ ___________________ ________________

3. Members of Marikina City Council

____________________ ____________________ ___________________

Tourist Spot in Marikina City

4.
____________________ ____________________ ___________________

5. Christian Values

____________________ ____________________ ___________________

19
 Additional Activities

Study the picture. Draw graphic organizers and write the things that
can be grouped together. Complete your own graphic organizers by giving it
a title.

References
Rabelas, G. U. et al., (2015). K TO 12 Grade 4 Learner's Material in
English (1st ed.). Department of Education.

20
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jason V. Panay (SSSVES)

Editor: Marifi Gaduyon-Perez (MalES)
Reviewer: Maria Teresa L. Manicio PNU
Illustrator: Yolanda C. De Guzman
Layout Artist: Patrick R. Mella Jr.
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE