UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATITICS
MAT 1100 FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS TUTORIAL SHEET 1 -2022
Work out these problems on your own, and later discuss the solutions in tutorials. Ensure
you have correct solutions in your folders for each tutorials. These will be checked in due
course.
1. Let the universal set 𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, the sets 𝐴 = {1, 3, 6, 8, 10},
𝐵 = {2, 4, 5, 6, 8} and 𝐶 = {1, 4, 6 ,10}. Find the following sets:
(a) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′)′ (b) (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵)′ (c) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶 (d) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶.
2. In the problems below, one of the following relations is true: 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵, 𝐴 = 𝐵,
𝐴 ≠ 𝐵, 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐴. By identifying the elements of each set, write the correct relation in
each case.
A B
(a) {𝑥|2𝑥 + 3 = 11 − 2𝑥} {𝑥|5𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥 + 12}
(b) {𝑥|𝑥 + 4 = 40 − 5𝑥} {𝑥|3 + 2𝑥 = 11}
(c) {𝑥|𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 4)} {𝑥|𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0}
(d) {𝑥|𝑥 − 1 = 0} ∪ {𝑥|𝑥 − 2 = 0} {𝑥|𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0}
(e) {𝑥|𝑥 + 3 = 4} {𝑥|(𝑥 + 3) = 16}
3. In each of the Venn diagrams below shade: (i) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) (ii) 𝐶 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
(iii) 𝐵 − 𝐶 (iv) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ) (v) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 − 𝐶):
(a) (b)
A B A
C B
4. Illustrate the given identities by drawing Venn diagrams for each of the sides of the
equal sign, in each case, given that A, B, C are subsets of a universal set U:
(a) De Morgan’s laws: (i)(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ (ii) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 .
(b) Distributive laws:
(i) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) (ii) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶).
(c) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐴 = 𝑈 (d) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐴 = ∅.
(d) Commutative laws: (i) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐵 ∪ 𝐴 (ii) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝐵 ∩ 𝐴.
(e) Associative laws: (i) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶 (ii) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶.
(f) 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′.
5. Prove each of the following: (a) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ (b) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
(c) 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ (d) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶).
6. Express each of the following in its simplest form:
(a) [𝑃 ∪ (𝑄 − 𝑅 )]′ (b) 𝑋 ∪ (𝑌 ∩ 𝑋) (c) (𝑀 ∩ 𝑁) ∪ (𝑀 ∩ 𝑁 ) (d) 𝐴 − (𝐴 − 𝐵)
(e) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 − 𝐶 ) (f) [(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐵)]′ (g) 𝐵 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵).
7. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are disjoint subsets of the universal set 𝑈, simplify each of the following:
(a) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 (b) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 (c) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 (d) 𝐴 − 𝐵 (e) 𝐵 𝑈𝐴 (f) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − 𝐵.
8. Where possible, rewrite each interval in set builder form:
(a) 𝐴 = (−10,10] (b) 𝐵 = [4,9] (c) 𝐶 = (−1,5) (d) 𝐷 = [0, ∞).
9. State, giving reasons, which of the following if meaningless:
(a) (−12, 0] (b) (1, −13] (c) [−∞, 9] (d) [∞, 5) (e) {2, 8} (f) {∅} (g) (−6, ∞}.
10. Let ℝ be the universal set and 𝐴 = (−1,6], 𝐵 = (0,4), 𝐶 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ≥ 4, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} be
its subsets. Illustrate each set on the same number line. Hence, find each of the
following sets: (a) 𝐴 − 𝐶 (b) (𝐵′ ∩ 𝐶)′ (c) (C A) B (d) 𝐴 (e) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) .
11. Let 𝑈 = (−5, 10] be the universal set and 𝐴 = (−1,6], 𝐵 = (0,4),
𝐶 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: −4 ≤ 𝑥 < 7} be its subsets. Illustrate each set on the same number line.
Hence, find each of the following sets: (a) 𝐴 − 𝐶 (b) (𝐵′ ∩ 𝐶)′ (c) (C A) B
(d) 𝐴 (e) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (f) 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 (g) 𝐴 ∩ {𝑥 ∈ ℤ: − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7} (h) 𝑈 .
p
12. Express the each of the following numbers as a fraction in the form , where p and q
q
are integers and q 0 , in its lowest terms: (a) 4. 3 (b) −0.255 (c) 12.3411
(d) 0.0223 (e) 5. 23 9 (f) 2.001
13. Prove that each of the following is an irrational number: (a) 3 (b) √2 − 1.
14. (a) Given that √2 is irrational, show that − + √2 is irrational
(b) Determine whether or not √2 − √3 is rational.
15. Simplify each of the following: (a) 2√27 − 3√48 + √75 (b) √80 − √20 − 2√45
√
(c) .
√
16. Evaluate each of the following expressions: (a) |100| (b) |−75| (c) | − 7 − (−2)|
(d) |−6| − |−4| (e) −1 − |1 − |−1|| (f) (g) |𝜋 − 9|.
| |
17. Use the properties of absolute value to simplify the expression:
(a) |3𝑥 + 9| (b) | − 2𝑥 − 10| (c) | − 𝑥 − 9| (d) (e) −|5| − | − 5|.
