1. A pump discharges 150 liters per second of water to a height of 75 m.

If the efficiency is 75% and the

speed of the pump is 1800 rpm, what is the torque in N-m to which the drive shaft is subjected?
�� ��
��������: � = �ℎ���: �� = ��� ��� �� =
�� 9.549 � 103
(9.81��/�3 (150�10−3 �3 /�)(75�)
0.75 = � 1800 ��� = � = 780. 631 �/�
9.549 � 103

2. A fuel pump is delivering 10 gallons per minute of oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. The total head is
9.14 m, find how much energy does the pump consumes in kJ per hour.
��������: � = ��� = �� � ��
1�3 3.785� 60��� ��
� = 0.83 (9.81��/�3 )(10���/���) 9.14� 1000� 1��� 1ℎ�
= 169.01 ℎ�

3. A pump receives 8 kgs of water at 220 kPa and 110°C and discharges it at 1100 kPa. Compute the
power required in kW.
PT−P1
��������: � = ��ℎ = ���ℎ = ��ℎ �ℎ���: ℎ =
y
1100kPa−220kPa
ℎ= 9.81 KN/m3
= 87.9m → P = (8kg/s)(9.81m/s2 )(89/7m) = P = 7040 W = 7.04 kW

4. A centrifugal pump delivers 80 liters per second of water on test suction gauge reads 10 mm Hg
vacuum and 1.2 m below pump centerline. Power input is 70 kW. Find the total dynamic head in meters.
ℎ2 (9.81 KN/m3 )(80L/s)(ℎ2 )
��������: � = �� → ����������� = 74% → 70�� = 0.74(1000L/s)
= ℎ2 = 66m
��

5. A water pump develops a total head of 200 ft. The pump efficiency if 80% and the motor efficiency is
87.5 %. If the power rate is 1.5 cents per kw-hr. what is the power cost for pumping 1000 gal ?
yQh
��������: ���� = ���� ���� �� → P = e e
p m
3 1m 3.785L 1m3
1.5 (9.81kN/m )(1000gal)(200ft)(3.28ft)( 1gal )(1000 L)
Cost kw/hr 3600s = 1.374 cents
(0.8)(0.875)( )
1hr

6. A pump operating at 1750 rpm delivering 500 gal/min against a total head of 150 ft. Changes in the
piping system have increased the total head to 360 ft. At what rpm should the pump be operated to
achieve this new head at the same efficiency?
��������:
Q H P
�2 �2 2 360 �2 2
1 ② 3 N �1
= �1
→ 150 = 1750
→ �2 = 2711.09 ���
3 2 5 D

7. A pump driven by an electrical motor moves 25 gal/min of water from a reservoir A to B, lifting the
water to a total head of 245 ft. The efficiency of the pump is 64%. Neglecting velocity head, friction, and
minor losses. What size motor is required?
γQh (8.33 lb/gal)(25 gal/min)(245 ft)
��������: P = e 2 = ft/lb = 2.42 hp (w/eff)
0.64(33 000 )
min/hp
� = 2.42ℎ�(0.64) = 1.55ℎ� → ����������������
8. Calculate the impeller diameter of the centrifugal pump that requires 15 m head to deliver water if
pump speed is 1500 rpm.
��������: �1 = ���� → 2�ℎ = ����� �
1500
2(9.81�/�2 )(15�) = ����� ( 60
���) → ���� = 0.21843 � = 218.43 ��

9. A centrifugal pump operating at 1800 rpm develops a total head of 200 ft at a capacity of 2500 gpm.
What is the specific speed?
� � 1800 2500
��������: �2 = 3 = 3 = 1690
�4 (200)4

10. A two stages air compressor has an intercooler pressure of 4 kg/cm?. What is the discharge pressure if
suction pressure is 1 kg/cm?
Solution: �� = �1 �2 → 4 = (1)�2 → �2= 16 ��/��2

11. The mechanical efficiency and static pressure of a fan are 44.3% and 20 m of air respectively. What is
the static efficiency if the total pressure created by fan is 25 m of air.
� 0.4(20 �)
Solution: �� = ℎ� (ℎ� ) = 25 � = 0.32 → �� = 0.443 → � = 0.3544 → 35.44%
2

12. The forced draft fans in parallel with a capacity of 73.2 m' per second each supplying combustion air
to a steam generator. Air inlet is at 43.33°C. a static pressure of 254 mm water gage is developed and the
fan speed is 1200 rpm. The fan input is 257 kW each. Calculate the capacity of the fan for a speed
increase of 20 percent.

Solution:
Q H P �2 �2 1
�2 3
�2 0
= → �� = �2 = 1.2 �1
1 2 3 N �1 �1 �1 �1
�2 3 2 5 D �2 1.2 �1 1
73.2
= 73.2
= �1
→ �2 = 87.84 �3 /�
0 1 1 ρ

13. A ventilating fan discharges 4.4 m' of air per second through a duct 91 cm in diameter against a static
pressure of 22 mm water gauge. Barometric pressure is 730 mm Hg, the temperature of air is 29.44°C and
the gauge fluid density s 994 kg/m'. If the power input is 2.65 kW. determine the static efficiency.
�� �� ��
Solution: = �� �� =
ℎ2 ℎ� ��
994 ��/�3
( )(9.81 ��/�3 )(4.4 �3 /�)(22�10−3 �)
��ℎ 1000 ��/�3
�� = ��
= 2.65 ��
= 0.3562 → 35.62%

14. A centrifugal pump is operating at its best efficiency point (BEP) with the following characteristics:
head is 10 m. flow rate is 21 liters/sec and rotative speed of 1250 rpm. Calculate its specific speed in SI
units.
�(���/�)( �(�3 /�) 2�
��������: �� = −3 → � = 1250( 60 ) = 131 ���
�(�/�2 )ℎ(�) 4
21 li/s 131 0.021
Q = 1000 li/m3 = 0.021 m3 /s → Ns = −3 = 0.61
(9.81)(10) 4
15. A single stage air compressor handles 0.454 m'/s of atmospheric pressure, 27°C air, and delivers it to
a receiver at 652.75 kPa. Its volumetric efficiency is 0.72, its compression efficiency on an isothermal
basis is 0.85 and its mechanical efficiency is 0.90. If it rotates at 350 rpm, what power in kW is required
to drive it?
�
����ℎ����� ����� �1 �1 ��( 2)
�1
Solution: ������ = �� ��
= �� ��
652.725
101.325(0.454)ln( )
������ = (0.85)(0.90)
101.325
= 112.02 kW

16. A piston positive-displacement pump (PDP) has 6-in diameter and a 2.5-in. stroke. Its crankshaft
rotates at 360 rpm. Compute its output assuming volumetric efficiency of 96%.
��2 �� �(6/12)2 2.5
��������: �� = 4
�� = 4
( 12 )(360)(0.96) = 14.14 ���

17. A piston positive-displacement pump (PDP) has 6-in diameter and a 2.5-in. stroke. Its crankshaft
rotates at 360 rpm.Compute its output assuming volumetric efficiency of 96%.
Solution: Vd = (π D² L N / 4) ev
Vd = [π (6/12)² / 4] (2.5/12) ( 360) (0.96) = Vd = 14.14 cfm

18. A rotary compressor receives 8 m/min. of a gas (R = 0.410

kJ/kg-K, C, = 1.03 kJ/kg-K) at 108 kPa, 27°C and delivers it at 650 kPa. Find the work if compression is
polytropic with PV13 = C.
Solution: Wt = -n P₁ V₁ / (n - 1) [(P₂/P₁)^{(n - 1)/n} - 1]
Wt = (-1.3 )(108)(8) / (1.3 - 1) [(650 / 108)^{0.3 / 1.3} - 1]
Wt = -1921.24 kJ/min → Wt = -32.02 kW

19.The piston displacement of a double acting compressor is 0.358 m³/s. It delivers gas from 101.325 kPa
and 300 K to 675 kPa at the rate of 0.166 m³/s at 150 rpm. Value of n for compression and expansion is
1.33. Find the compressor percent clearance.
Solution: ev = V₁ / Vₛ = 0.166 / 0.358 → 0.4637ev = 1 + c - c (P₂ / P₁)^(1/n)
0.4637 = 1 + c - c (675 / 101.325)^(1/1.33) → 0.4637 = 1 + c - c (2.673)
0.4637 = 1 + c - 2.673c → 0.4637 = 1 - 1.673c
- 0.5363 = -1.673c → c = 0.5363 / 1.673 = 0.1696 → c = 16.96%

20. An air compressor takes air at 90 kPa and discharges to 700 kPa. If the volume flow of discharge is
1.3 m³/s, compute the capacity of the air compressor.
Solution: P₁ V₁ⁿ = P₂ V₂ⁿ → 90 × V₁^1.4 = 700 × (1.3)^1.4
V₁^1.4 = 700 × (1.3)^1.4 / 90 → V₁^1.4 ≈ 700 × 1.4596 / 90 ≈ 1021.72 / 90 = 11.3524
V₁ = (11.3524)^(1/1.4) → V1= 5.63 m³/s

21. A single acting air compressor having a clearance of 8% takes in air at atmospheric pressure, 85°F,
and discharges it at a pressure of 85 psia. The air handled is 0.25 ft³/cycle measured at discharge pressure.
If the compression is isentropic, and the compressor is running at 750 rpm, calculate the piston
displacement per cycle.
Solution: Convert temperature: T₁ = 85°F = 545°R → T₂ = T₁ × (P₂ / P₁)^((k - 1) / k)
T2 = 545 × (85 / 14.7)^((1.4 - 1) / 1.4) = 900°R
m = P₂ V₂ / (R T₂) = (85)(144)(0.25) / (53.34)(900) = 3060 / 48006 = 0.06374 lb/cycle
V₁ = m R T₁ / P₁ = (0.06374)(53.34)(545) / (14.7)(144) = 0.8754 ft³/cycle
ev = 1 + c - c (P₂ / P₁)^(-1/n) = 1 + 0.08 - 0.08 (85 / 14.7)^(-1/1.4) = 0.7998
Vd = V₁ / e_v = 0.8754 / 0.7998 → Vd = 1.0945 ft³/cycle

22. A two-stage air compressor at 90 kPa and 20°C discharges at 700 kPa. Find the polytropic exponent n
if the intercooler intake temperature is 100°C.
Solution: T₂ = T₁ (P₂/P₁)^{(n - 1)/n} → P_r= √(P₁ )( P₂) = √(90 )( 700) = 251 kPa
→ (100 + 273) / (20 + 273) = (251 / 90)^{(n - 1)/n} → n = 1.31

23. A single-acting, single-stage reciprocating compressor is required to deliver 50 kg per hour from 100
kPa and 25°C conditions to 900 kPa delivery pressure. The compression is expected to follow PV^1.25 =
C. Determine the required power under ideal conditions.
Solution: V₁ = (50 / 3600) (0.287) (25 + 273) / 100 = 0.01188 m³/s
Power = (n P₁ V₁ / (n - 1)) [(P₂ / P₁)^{(n - 1)/n} - 1]
(1.25 )( 100 )(0.01188) / (1.25 - 1)) [(900 / 100)^{0.25 / 1.25} - 1] → P= 3.28 kW

24. The bore and stroke of an air compressor are 276 mm and 164 mm respectively. If the piston
displacement is 0.039 m³/s, what is the operating speed of the compressor?
Solution: Vd = (π D² L N) / 4 → 0.039 = π (0.276)² (0.164)( N )/ 4
N = 3.975 rev/s → N = 238.49 rpm

25. A fuel pump is delivering 10 gallons per minute of oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. The total head is
9.14 m, find how much energy the pump consumes in kJ per hour.
Solution: P = γ Q H → γ = 9.81 ( 0.83 )= 8.14 kN/m³
Q = 10 gal/min = 2.27 m³/hr → H = 9.14 m
P = γ Q H → P = 8.14 ( 2.27)(9.14) → P= 168.89 kJ/hr

26. A pump driven by an electrical motor moves 25 gal/min of water from reservoir A to B, lifting the
water to a total head of 245 ft. The efficiency of the pump is 64%. Neglecting velocity head, friction, and
minor losses.
Solution: P = γQh = (8.33 lb/gal)(25 gal/min)(245 ft)
P= 51,021.25 ft-lb/min →1 Hp = 33,000 ft-lb/min→ Power = 51,021.25 / 33,000 = 1.55 Hp
27. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft at 20°C. The vapor pressure of water at this
temperature is 2.34 kPa. The pump cannot lift water higher than 10.16 m. What is the atmospheric
pressure?
Solution: From Bernoulli’s Theorem: → Patm = P_vapor + ρgh
Patm = 2.34 kPa + (1000 kg/m³)(9.81 m/s²)(10.16 m)/1000 → Patm = 102.01 kPa

28. A condensate pump at sea level takes water from a condenser with a vacuum of 15 in. Hg. Friction
losses are 6.5 ft. The pump’s NPSH requirement is 9 ft.
Solution: NPSH = P + Z - h_f → NPSH = 0 + s - 6.5 → 9 = s - 6.5 → s = 15.5 ft

29. A double-suction centrifugal pump delivers 3 m³/s at a head of 15 m and 1200 rpm. Calculate the
specific speed.
Solution: Q = 3 m³/s = 47,556.14 gpm → Q_per_side = 23,778.07 gpm (double suction)
H = 15 m = 49.215 ft → Ns= N√Q / H^(3/4)
Ns = 1200 ( √(23778.07) / (49.215)^(3/4) )= 9958.46

30. A centrifugal pump-motor unit draws 100 L/min of water. Discharge pressure is 28 kg/cm², head is
280 m, and unit efficiency is 67%.
Solution: Q = 0.100 m³/min = 0.00167 m³/s
Pinput = ρgQh / η = (1000)(9.81)(0.00167)(280) / 0.67 → Pinput = 6.83 kW