MICROENCAPSULATION
Prepared by :- Guided by:-
Pathan Sofiya Mukhtar Abdul Azeem Sir
Pathan Atika Latif
Methods Of Microencapsulation :-
■ Air suspension
■ Pan coating
■ Spray drying and spray
congealing
■ Solvent evaporation
■ Polymerization
■ Multi-orifice- Centrifugation
■ Coacervation phase separation
• Air suspension: -
" It consists of the dispersing of core materials in a supporting air
stream and the spray coating on the air suspended particles.
" Within the coating chamber, particulate core materials are
suspended on an upward moving air stream.
The chamber design and its operating parameters influence a re
circulating flow of the particles through the coating-zone portion of
the coating-chamber.
During each pass through the
coating-zone, the core material
receives a coat and this cyclic
process is repeated depending
on the purpose of micro
encapsulation.
Coacervation phase separation:-
Coacervation phase separation method consists of 3 steps:
• Formation of 3 immiscible phases: a liquid manufacturing phase, a core
phase and a coating material phase.
• Deposition of the liquid polymer coating on the core material.
• Rigidizing the coating usually by thermal, cross linking or desolvation techniques to form
microcapsules.
In many cases, physical or chemical changes in the coating polymers solutions can be induced so
that phase separation of the polymers will occur:
Pan coating:-
• For relatively large particles, which are greater than
600 in size,
• Microencapsulation can be done by pan coating
method, Which is being widely used in
pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of
controlled release particulates.
• In this method, various spherical core materials,
such as nonpareil sugar seeds are coated with a
variety of polymers.
• In practice, the coating is applied as a solution or as
an atomized spray to the desired solid core material
in the coating pan.
Spray drying and spray congealing:
• Spray drying and spray congealing methods of microencapsulation
are almost similar
• Both the methods entail the dispersion of core material in a
liquefied coating agent and spraying or introducing the core coating
mixture into some environmental condition,
• Whereby relatively rapid solidification of the coating is influenced
• The main difference in-between these two microencapsulation
methods are the means by which the coating solidification is
carried out.
• In spray drying method, the coating solidification is influenced by
the quick evaporation of a solvent, in which the coating material is
dissolved.
Solvent Evaporation:-
■ Appropriate for liquid manufacturing vehicle (0/W emulsion),
which is prepared by agitation of two immiscible liquids.
■ The solvent evaporation method involves dissolving microcapsule
coating (polymer) in a volatile solvent, which is immiscible with
the liquid manufacturing vehicle phase.
■ A core material (drug) to be microencapsulated is dissolved or
dispersed in the coating polymer solution With agitation.
■ The core-coating material mixture is dispersed in the liquid manufacturing vehicle phase
to obtain the appropriate sized microcapsules.
■ Agitation( mixing )of system is continued until the solvent partitions into the aqueous
phase and is removed by evaporation. This process results in hardened microcapsules
Polymerization:-
■ The polymerization method of microencapsulation
is used to from protective microcapsule coatings, in
situ.
■ The method involve the reaction of monomeric
units positioned at the interface existing in-between
a core material and a continuous phase, wherein
the core material is dispersed.
. Multiorifice-centrifugation:-
Utilizes the centrifugal forces to hurl a core particle trough an enveloping membrane.
Various processing variables of multiorifice-centrifugation method include :-
■ Rotational speed of the cylinder
■ Flow rate of the core and coating materials, and
■ Concentration, viscosity and surface tension of the core material.
The multiorifice-centrifugal method is capable for microencapsulating
liquids and solids of varied size ranges with diverse coating materials.
“ The encapsulated product can be supplied as slurry in the hardening media or as
dry powder.
APPLICATIONS:-
■ Sustain controlled release dosage forms.
■ Enteric-coated dosage forms.
■ Taste of bitter drug candidates can be masked.
■ Environmental protection.
■ Separations of incompatible substances.
■ Hygroscopic characteristics of many core materials can be reduced.
Thank you.
