MBS3129 Electrical Principles

Tutorial 1 Solutions

1. A laminated section of core has cross-sectional dimensions of 0.03 m by 0.05 m.

(a) What is the effective area of the core?
(b) Given Φ = 1.4 x 10-3 Wb, what is the flux density, B?

Ans:
(a) The effective area of the core is: A=(0.03m)(0.05m)=1.5x10-3 m2
−3
Φ 1.4 x 10
(b) Flux density, B = = −3 = 0.933T
A 1.5 x 10

2. For the section of iron core of the below figure, if Φ1 = 12 mWb and Φ3 = 2 mWb, what is B2?

Ans:
For the section of the iron core is seen as in parallel connection, at
each junction, the sum of fluxes entering is equal to the sum of
leaving, this is the counterpart of Kirchhoff’s current law.

Φ 1=Φ 2 +Φ 3 =>
12 mWb =Φ 2 +2 mWb
Φ 2=10 mWb
For Φ = BA 10 x 10−3=0. 01×B2 => B =1T
2

3. Consider the below figure, If I = 10A, N = 40 turns, r1 = 5 cm and r2 = 7 cm, what is H in ampere-
turns per meter?
Ans:

r 1 +r 2 0 . 05+0 . 07
R= = =0 . 06
Mean radius 2 2 m
Mean path l=2 πR=2 π (0 . 06 )=0 .377 m
NI ( 40 ) (10 Α )
Η= =
By l 0 .377 = 1061 At/m

4. A mild-steel ring having a cross-sectional area of 500 mm2 and a mean circumference of 400 mm.
If a coil of 200 turns wound uniformly around it and the relative permeability is 380. Calculate:
(a) the reluctance of the ring;
(b) the current required to produce a flux of 800 μWb in the ring.
Ans:
(a) Reluctance ℛ = μ μ A =
l 0.4 6
−7 −4 = 1.68 x 10 A/Wb
r o 380× 4 π ×10 × 5 ×10

(b) The magnetic flux generated by a mmf is given by:

∅=
Fm
R

P. 1
 Fm
800 x 10-6 = 6
1.68× 10
Fm = 1342 At
and magnetizing current is
I = Fm/N = 1342/200 = 6.7A

5. Find the current I in the below figure if Φ = 0.16 mWb.

Given Hsteel = 350 At/m, Hiron = 1550 At/m

Ans:

Φ 0 .16×10−3
Β= = =0 . 5
Φ=0 .16 mWb => Α 3 .2×10−4 T along all sections

Apply Ampere’s Circuital Law, Σ NI =Σ Hl

NI =H steel lsteel +H iron liron
142 NI =(350 At/m )(0 . 14m)+(1550 At/m )(0 . 06m)=142 Αt
=> I= =0 . 47 A
300

6. A magnetic circuit in the form of a metallic core is shown in below. Give that current i = 120mA;
coil turn N = 500 turns; mean path length l = 60 cm and the cross-sectional area A = 2 cm2.
(a) Determine the magnetomotive force (Fm) produced by the coil;
(b) Calculate the average magnetic field strength (H) in the core;
(c) If the relative magnetic permeability (r) of the core material is 1200, find the average
magnetic flux density (B) in the core.( mO = 4p x 10-7 H/m);
(d) Determine the total flux () in the core.

Ans:
(a) Magnetomotive force Fm = N x i
= 500 turns x 120 mA
= 60 A-turns or 60 A

Fm
(b) Average magnetic field strength H =
l
60 A
= 0.6 m
= 100 Am1
(c) Flux density B =  H
= rO H
= 1200 x 4  x 107 x 100
= 0.15 T
(d) Total flux  = B x A
P. 2
 = 0.15 T x 2 x 104m2
= 30 Wb

7. A cast steel magnetic circuit with N = 2500 turns, I = 200 mA, and a cross-sectional area of 0.02m 2
has an air gap of 0.00254 m. Assuming 90% of the mmf appears across the gap, estimate the flux
in the core. (Given: The permeability of free space, μo= 4π x 10-7 ; μr =1 )
Ans:
-3
The applied mmf is NI=(2500turns )(200x10 Α )=500 At
Given 90% of this mmf at the gap = 500At x 0.9 = 450At
0 . 9 NI 450 At
Η g= = =1 . 77×10 5 At/m
=> l 0 . 00254m

Βg =μ o μr Η g =4 π (10−7 )(1. 77 x10 5 )=0 .22 T

2 −3
=> Φ=BA=0 .22Tx0 . 02m =4 . 4 x 10 Wb

8. Flux changing at a uniform rate for 1ms induces 60V in a coil. What is the induced voltage if the
same flux change takes place in 0.01s?

Ans:
dφ
e=Ν
By dt Volt
φ
60 V =Ν
In case 1, 1×10−3 s => Νφ=0 . 06
φ 0. 06
e 2 =Ν e 2= =6 V
In case 2, 0 . 01 s => 0 . 01 s

9. The current in a 75mH inductor changes uniformly by 200A in 0. 1ms. Find the induced voltage?

Ans:
di 200×10−6 Α
v L=L =(75×10−3 Η )( )=150 mV
dt 0 .1×10−3 s

10. Find LT for the circuits at right.

P. 3
P. 4
 Ans:
(a)
LT =L1 + L2 +L3 =10 Η+5 Η +6 Η=21 Η

1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = + =
(b) LT L1 L2 3 Η 6 Η 2 Η
LT = 2H

1
LT = +14 Η=20 Η
1 1
+
(c) 18 Η 9 Η

1
LT =1 . 6 Η + =4 Η
1 1
+
(d) ( 2 Η+4 Η ) 4 Η

11. Find the energy stored in the inductor of the below figure.

Ans:

Remove the coil and find the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit.
1
R TH=6 + =10 Ω
1 1
+
20 5
5Ω
V TH =( )( 40 V )=8V
By voltage divider rule, 25Ω
8V 8V
I coil= = =0 . 4 Α
10 Ω+R TH 10 Ω+10 Ω
1 1
W = LI2 = ( 4 Η )(0 . 4 Α )2 =0 . 32 J
stored 2 2
The energy

End

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