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© Lonely Planet Publications
4

On the Road

MARY FITZPATRICK ABOUT THE AUTHOR

It had been a mostly very dusty and bumpy Originally from Washington, DC, Mary spent
180km from Makuyuni (where the tarmac ends) several years in Europe after graduate studies.
to Kolo, which would be a completely undis- Her fascination with languages and cultures
tinguished village but for its proximity to the soon led her further south to Africa, where she
Kolo-Kondoa Rock Art Sites (p236) and the has spent over a decade living and working
impressive carved door here at the Antiquities all around the continent, including extended
Office. And the 180km yet to go before reach- periods in Tanzania. She has authored and
ing Dodoma promised to be just as dusty and co-authored many guidebooks on the region,
bumpy. Yet, I was loving every minute of it here, speaks fluent Swahili and is convinced she holds
near the centre of Tanzania. To the west, the vast the unofficial record for kilometres-travelled in
hinterlands stretching off into Lake Tanganyika Tanzania’s buses.
(p268). To the north, stampeding wildebeests,
elephants, zebras and giraffe, the Serengeti
(p216) and Mt Kilimanjaro (p191). To the south,
rolling, green highlands and lively market towns;
and to the east the Swahili coast, studded with
idyllic beaches and moss-covered ruins. With its
diversity and equanimity, Tanzania has a way of
getting under your skin, and once you’re hooked,
it’s hard to break free.

© Lonely Planet Publications. To make it easier for you to use, access to this chapter is not digitally
restricted. In return, we think it’s fair to ask you to use it for personal, non-commercial purposes
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the above - ‘Do the right thing with our content.’
 © Lonely Planet Publications
9

Contents
On the Road 4 Zanzibar
Archipelago 106
ZANZIBAR 108
Tanzania Highlights 5 Zanzibar Town 109
Around Zanzibar 128
PEMBA 142
Destination Chake Chake 143
Tanzania 11 Around Chake Chake
AROUND PEMBA
146
147
Kiweni 147
Getting Started 12 Mkoani & Around 147
Wambaa 148
Itineraries 15 Pujini Ruins
Wete
148
149
Tumbe 151
History 19 Ngezi
Kigomasha Peninsula
151
151
Offshore Islands 152
The Culture 28
Northeastern
Safaris 36 Tanzania 153
Bagamoyo 154
Trekking 49 Saadani National Park
Pangani
158
160
Tanga 164
Around Tanga 167
Wildlife & Habitat 57 Muheza 168
Korogwe 168
Environment 73 USAMBARA MOUNTAINS
Amani Nature Reserve
168
169
Lushoto 170
Food & Drink 79 Around Lushoto
PARE MOUNTAINS
174
176

Dar es Salaam 84 Same

Mbaga
176
177
HISTORY 85 Mwanga & Around 178
Orientation 85 Usangi 178
Information 85 Mkomazi Game Reserve 179
Dangers & Annoyances 88
Sights & Activities
Dar es Salaam for
89 Northern Tanzania 180
Children 89 Moshi 182
Machame 187
Sleeping 90
Marangu 189
Eating 95
Mt Kilimanjaro National
Drinking 96 Park 191
Entertainment 97 Trekking Mt Kilimanjaro 191
Shopping 97 West Kilimanjaro 194
Getting There & Away 98 Arusha 195
Getting Around 100 Around Arusha 204
AROUND DAR ES Arusha National Park 207
SALAAM 100 Trekking Mt Meru 209
Pugu Hills 100 Lake Manyara National
Offshore Islands 101 Park 212
Northern Beaches 102 Tarangire National Park 214
Southern Beaches 104 Serengeti National Park 216
© Lonely Planet Publications
10 C O N T E N T S

Ngorongoro
Conservation Area 221 Western Tanzania 257 Mbeya
Around Mbeya
291
295
Karatu 224 Tabora 259 Tukuyu 297
Olduvai Gorge 226 Kigoma 262 Lake Nyasa 298
Engaruka 226 Ujiji 265 Mbinga 300
Lake Natron 227 Gombe Stream National Songea 301
Lake Eyasi 228 Park 265 Tunduru 303
Mahale Mountains
Central Tanzania 230 National Park
Uvinza
267
269 Southeastern
Dodoma
Babati
231
235
Mpanda
Katavi National Park
269
270
Tanzania 304
Mafia 306
Mt Hanang 236 Sumbawanga 271 Selous Game Reserve 311
Kolo-Kondoa Rock Art Kasanga & Kalambo Kilwa Masoko 316
Sites 236 Falls 272 Around Kilwa Masoko 318
Kondoa 237
Lindi 320
Shinyanga 238
Southern Mtwara 322
Nzega
Singida
239
239 Highlands 273 Mikindani
Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma
326
Morogoro 274 Estuary Marine Park 327
Lake Victoria 240 Mikumi National Park
Mikumi
278
279
Makonde Plateau &
Around 328
Musoma 241 Udzungwa Mountains
Lukuba Island
Bunda
243
244
National Park
Iringa
280
282 Directory 331
Mwanza 244 Around Iringa 285
Around Mwanza
Mwanza to Bukoba
250
251
Ruaha National Park
Iringa to Makambako
286
288
Transport 346
Rubondo Island National Makambako 289
Park
Bukoba
252
253
Njombe
Kitulo National Park
289
290
Health 362
Language 371
Regional Map Contents Glossary 276
Behind the Scenes 378
Lake Victoria
p241
Northern
Index 382
Tanzania
p181
GreenDex 389
Central Tanzania
p231
Northeastern
Tanzania p155
World Time Zones 390
Western Tanzania
p258
Zanzibar
Archipelago
p107
Map Legend 392
Dar es Salaam
p86

Southern Highlands
p274

Southeastern
Tanzania
p305
 © Lonely Planet Publications
11

Destination Tanzania
Serengeti, Ngorongoro, Kilimanjaro, Zanzibar… The names roll off the
tongue like a roster call of Africa’s most alluring destinations, all packed
into one country. Resonating with hints of the wild and exotic, these
four alone are reason enough to justify packing your bag and heading off
to Tanzania. But the list isn’t finished. Bagamoyo, Tabora, Ujiji – stops
on the 19th-century caravan routes into the heart of what was then an
unknown continent. Mafia and Pangani – once famed ports of call for
merchant ships from the Orient. Kilwa – linchpin of a far-flung Indian
Ocean trading network. Kigoma, Kalema, Kipili, Kasanga – bustling
outposts along the remote Lake Tanganyika shoreline. Selous – Africa’s
largest protected area. Ruaha and Katavi – insider tips for serious safari-
goers. Mahale and Gombe – prime destinations for seeing chimpanzees
in the wild.
Within the space of several hours, it’s possible to go from lazing on
idyllic beaches to exploring moss-covered ruins of ancient Swahili city-
states; from climbing mist-covered slopes in the Southern Highlands to
trekking through the barren landscapes around Ol Doinyo Lengai, guided FAST FACTS
by a spear-carrying Maasai warrior. Yet, despite its attractions, Tanzania Population: 37.6 million
has managed for the most part to remain unassuming and low-key. It Highest point: Mt
has also remained enviably untouched by the tribal rivalries and political Kilimanjaro (5896m)
upheavals that plague many of its neighbours, and this – combined with
Lowest point: floor of
a booming tourism industry – makes it an ideal choice for both first-time
Lake Tanganyika (358m
visitors and Africa old hands.
below sea level)
Throughout, Tanzania offers travellers an array of options, set against
the backdrop of a cultural mosaic in which over 100 ethnic groups Inflation: 5%
amicably rub shoulders. While most visitors head straight for the famed HIV/AIDS infection rate:
northern wildlife-watching circuit, followed by time relaxing on Zanzi- 6.5%
bar’s beaches, Tanzania has much more to offer anyone with the time and
Mainland population
inclination to head off the beaten path. Follow the coastline south into a
density: 40 per sq km
Swahili culture whose rhythms have remained in many ways unchanged
over the centuries. Journey through rolling hill country along the Tanzam Zanzibar Archipelago
highway, detouring to Ruaha National Park. Admire ancient rock paint- population density: 400
ings around Kolo village. Explore the Lake Victoria shoreline, with its per sq km
small fishing villages and tranquil islands. Experience the seldom-visited Female cabinet ministers:
wilderness of Katavi, teeming with buffaloes and hippos. seven out of 29
If you’re seeking creature comforts, stick to the northern safari circuit Literacy rate: 76%
and Zanzibar, where there are sealed main roads and many hotels and
restaurants. Elsewhere, and especially in the south and west, you’ll soon Elephant population in
find yourself well off the beaten path, surrounded by a Tanzania that’s Ruaha National Park:
far removed from Western development. c 12,000
Wherever you go, take advantage of opportunities to get to know Tan-
zanians. With their characteristic warmth and politeness, and the dignity
and beauty of their cultures, it is they who will inevitably wind up being
the highlight of any visit. Chances are that you’ll want to come back for
more, to which most Tanzanians will say ‘karibu tena’ (welcome again).
 © Lonely Planet Publications
12

Getting Started
Tanzania has a fast-growing selection of hotels, safari lodges and restaurants,
plus good air connections between major destinations, a wide array of tour op-
erators and a range of amenities for midrange and top-end travellers. However,
once away from popular destinations, or if you’re travelling anywhere at the
budget level, or to really get under the country’s skin, you’ll need to put in time
on rough roads on crowded buses and staying in basic guesthouses.
Whatever your style, there’s plenty to keep you busy – everything from
trekking and safaris to lazing on the beach or watching local life. Costs are
For more information, see comparatively high, topping out especially for upmarket safari lodges and
Climate Charts on p335. the popular northern safari circuit, although it’s possible to keep expenses
modest if you travel and dine local style.
While there’s no problem with sorting out your itinerary once in-country,
it’s best to prebook safaris and accommodation for popular destinations dur-
ing the high season. An exception to this is budget safaris and treks, where
you can often save a bit by sorting things out on the ground.

WHEN TO GO
Tanzania can be visited during all seasons. The weather is coolest and driest
from late June to September, although in July and August, hotels and park
lodges, especially in the north, are at their fullest. October and November are
very pleasant, with fewer crowds and a slowly greening-up landscape as the short
rains begin in many areas. From late December until February, temperatures
are high, but not oppressive. Watch out for high-season hotel prices around the
Christmas–New Year holidays, as well as during the July-August peak.
During the main rainy season (March to May), you can save substantially
For tips on saving money on accommodation costs, and enjoy landscapes that are green and full of life.
see p341. However, some secondary roads may be impassable, and this is the time when
many hotels close for a month or so, especially along the coast. Malaria risk,
especially in coastal and low-lying areas, also tends to be higher at this time.

COSTS & MONEY

Travelling in Tanzania is relatively expensive, especially for organised tours,
safaris and treks. At the budget level, plan on US$20 to US$30 per day for a
basic room, local food and public transport, but excluding safaris.

DON’T LEAVE HOME WITHOUT…

You can buy almost anything you’ll need in Dar es Salaam or Arusha, except specialist trekking
and sporting equipment, and certain toiletries such as contact lens solution. However, choice is
limited and prices high. Some things to bring from home:
„ binoculars for wildlife watching
„ torch (flashlight)
„ mosquito repellent and net (p365)
„ zoom lens for wildlife shots
„ shoes appropriate for beach walking
„ sleeping bag and waterproof gear for trekking
„ sturdy water bottle
„ travel insurance (p339)
lonelyplanet.com G E T T I N G S TA R T E D • • L a n g u a g e 13

Midrange travellers seeking some comforts and Western-style meals should

plan on US$40 to US$150 per day, excluding safaris. Top-end luxury lodge
travel costs from US$150 to US$500 or more per person per day, with prices
at the upper end of this spectrum usually for all-inclusive safari packages.
LANGUAGE
While many Tanzanians, especially in tourist areas, speak English, knowing a
few Swahili phrases can go a long way in smoothing your travels and giving
you entrée into the culture. While the language may seem daunting at first, its HOW MUCH?
structure is regular and pronunciation is straightforward, and it shouldn’t take Midrange safari from
long to master greetings, numbers (useful for negotiating with market vendors US$200/person/day
and taxi drivers) and other basics. Greetings in particular are essential, and
any efforts you make will be greatly appreciated. For more, see the Language Plate of ugali: Tsh500
chapter (p371). It’s also easy to arrange language courses – see p335. Serengeti National Park
entry: US$50/person
SUSTAINABLE TRAVEL Papaya: Tsh300
As tourism in Tanzania booms, it’s increasingly important to give some thought
to minimising the impact of your visit, and ensuring that your travels benefit Short taxi ride: Tsh2000
local communities. When choosing a safari or trekking operator, do so with Also see the Lonely
these goals in mind. Choose operators who give more than just lip service to Planet Index, inside the
general principles of responsible travel, who view their involvement as part of front cover.
a long-term, equitable partnership with and investment in local communities
and who are committed to protecting local ecosystems. (Also check out Lonely
Planet’s Greendex, p389.) Whenever possible, try to maximise your ‘real’ time
with locals: take advantage of cultural tourism programmes where they are
available, and choose itineraries that are well-integrated with the communities
in the areas where you will be travelling. For more tips, see p78.
PREDEPARTURE READING
For an alluring introduction to Tanzania, look for the coffee table–style
Tanzania – Portrait of a Nation by Paul Joynson-Hicks or Tanzania – African
Eden by Graham Mercer and Javed Jafferji. Serengeti – Natural Order on the
African Plain, by Mitsuaki Iwago, is a photographic documentary of the For a preview of what
rhythms of nature on the Serengeti plains. awaits you in Tanzania,
In The Tree Where Man Was Born, Peter Matthiessen offers a timeless check out www.youtube
portrayal of life on the East African plains. .com/watch?v=lg8fuc1
The Worlds of a Maasai Warrior – An Autobiography by Tepilit Ole Saitoti _-d8 .
is a fascinating glimpse into Maasai life and culture.
Zanzibari Abdulrazak Gurnah brings WWI-era East Africa to life in his
evocative coming-of-age story, Paradise.
In The Gunny Sack, Tanzanian-bred MG Vassanji explores Tanzania’s rich
ethnic mix through several generations of an immigrant Indian family. Into
Africa – The Epic Adventures of Stanley and Livingstone by Martin Dugard is
an adventurous and fast-reading account focused around the life and times
of the renowned explorer and missionary.
INTERNET RESOURCES
Lonely Planet (www.lonelyplanet.com) Includes summaries on travelling to Tanzania, the Thorn
Tree bulletin board, travel news and links to other travel resources.
Tanzania National Parks (www.tanzaniaparks.com) Tanapa’s official website, with general
information and beautiful photos of the parks.
Tanzania On-Line (www.tzonline.org) An intro to all things official, with links to the government
site (www.tanzania.go.tz) and more.
Tanzania Page (www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Tanzania.html) Heaps of links.
Tanzania Tourist Board (www.tanzaniatouristboard.com) The TTB’s official site.
Zanzibar.Net (www.zanzibar.net) An introduction to Zanzibar.
© Lonely Planet Publications
14 G E T T I N G S TA R T E D • • T o p 1 0 lonelyplanet.com

y ik a odoma
IN D IA

TOP 10 TA N Z
ANIA Dar es S
OCEA N

alaam
N

GREAT CULTURAL EXPERIENCES

There’s nothing better than immersion for getting to know local life. For starters try:

1 sharing a plate of ugali (a staple made from 6 listening to church singing

maize or cassava flour, or both) and sauce 7 watching traditional dancing (p33)
with Tanzanians (p79)
8 taking local transport
2 celebrating Eid al-Fitr (p120) on Zanzibar
9 sailing down Lake Tanganyika on the MV
3 hiking in the Usambara Mountains (p168) Liemba (p354)
4 participating in a Cultural Tourism Program 10 travelling by Tazara train through the
(p205) northern Selous and then on to Mbeya
5 spending the morning at a small-town market (p361)

ALLURING PANORAMAS
Tanzania’s topography ranges from lushly forested mountains to stunning tropical coastlines,
and provides a magnificent backdrop for the country’s diverse cultural palette. Some of the most
impressive panoramas:
1 the wildebeest migration in the Serengeti 7 sunset or sunrise from almost anywhere
(p216) around Lake Victoria (p240), but especially
2 elephants wading into the Rufiji River (p311) from Lukuba Island (p243), Musoma (p241)
against a backdrop of borassus palms or Rubondo Island National Park (p252)
8 impressive lush mountains rising up from
3 sunset over the rooftops of Zanzibar’s Stone
the beach along the Lake Tanganyika shore-
Town (p109)
line near Mahale Mountains National Park
4 the stark landscapes around Ol Doinyo (p267)
Lengai (p227)
9 the rolling, open vistas in the highlands
5 the patchwork quilt scenery of small farms around Kitulo National Park (p290) or the
and villages in the western Usambaras (p170) countryside around Tukuyu (p297)
6 views down into Ngorongoro Crater from 10 moonrise over one of the beaches on Zanzi-
the crater rim (p223) bar’s east coast (p128)

BEST THINGS TO DO AWAY FROM THE CROWDS

Break away from the trodden trails and discover Tanzania’s hidden corners:

1 retrace history in Kilwa (p318), Mikindani 6 bird-watch in Rubondo Island National Park
(p326), Bagamoyo (p154) and Pangani (p252), or around Lake Eyasi (p228) or Lake
(p160) Manyara (p212)
2 go on safari in Mahale Mountains (p267), 7 spend a few days in and around Iringa
Katavi (p270) or Ruaha (p286) National (p282), Mufindi (p289) or Njombe (p289)
Parks or Mkomazi Game Reserve 8 travel overland between Mikindani and
(p179) Songea (p301), and on to Mbamba Bay
3 visit the rock paintings around Kolo (p236) (p300)
4 explore the hidden corners of Mafia (p306) 9 explore the hills around Mbeya (p291) and
or Pemba (p142) Kitulo National Park (p290)
5 discover Zanzibar (p108) in the rainy 10 enjoy the beaches around Saadani National
season Park (p158), or around Pangani (p160)
 © Lonely Planet Publications
15

Itineraries
CLASSIC ROUTES
SURF & SAFARI Two to Three Weeks/Arusha to Zanzibar
From Arusha, explore the northern parks. Good combinations: Serengeti
National Park (p216) and Ngorongoro Crater (p223); Ngorongoro plus Lake
Manyara National Park (p212) and Tarangire National Park (p214); Arusha National
Park (p207) and a Mt Meru trek (p209); and, a Mt Kilimanjaro trek (p191), or
some hiking and cultural interaction in Marangu (p189), Machame (p187)
or West Kilimanjaro (p194).
Head southeast via Moshi (p182) to Lushoto (p170) for some more hiking.
Alternatively, continue straight to Dar es Salaam (p84) and the ferry or plane
to Zanzibar (p109). With more time, travel from Lushoto to Tanga (p164),
then down the coast via Pangani (p160) and Saadani National Park (p158) and
over to Zanzibar via plane or dhow (from one of the beach lodges near
Pangani, or from Saadani).
A less-travelled variant of this itinerary combines Selous Game Reserve
(p311) with Mafia (p306) and Zanzibar’s Stone Town (p112), although this
will involve some flights. Besides Mafia, other post-safari destinations in-
clude the beach lodges in Saadani National Park, Lazy Lagoon (p158) near
Bagamoyo, and the beach lodges near Pangani.

This 1000km
journey (more with
detours) combines
West Tanzania’s best –
Mt Meru
Serengeti (4566m) Kilimanjaro Mt Kilimanjaro wildlife, beaches
National Park National Park
Machame
Marangu
Ngorongoro
Crater Moshi and culture. Roads
Arusha
Lake Manyara Arusha
National
are generally good,
National Park
Park
Tarangire
and there are
National Park
Lushoto Tanga
Pemba flights if time is
Pangani
limited. Two weeks
Saadani
Zanzibar is enough for an
Stone
National Park Town introduction, but
Bagamoyo

DAR ES SALAAM
allow three or
more to begin
to get under the
Mafia
surface.
Selous Game
Reserve
 16 I T I N E R A R I E S • • R o a d s Le s s T r a v e l l e d lonelyplanet.com

ROADS LESS TRAVELLED

Away from the Arusha-Zanzibar corridor, most of Tanzania is well off
the beaten track. Do a grand circuit, or pick and choose from various
smaller loops.

THE GRAND TOUR – 1 At Least Two Months

From Dar es Salaam (p84), head north up the coast to Tanga (p164), via Bagamoyo
(p154), Saadani National Park (p158) and Pangani (p160), before continuing to
the Usambara mountains (p168) and on to Moshi (p182) and Arusha (p195). For
an off-beat detour, stop at Mkomazi Game Reserve (p179) en route. Once in
Arusha (p195), visit Ngorongoro Crater (p223) and some of the northern parks
before turning south to Dodoma (p231) and Iringa (p282) with stops at Babati
(p235), Mt Hanang (p236) and the Kolo-Kondoa rock art sites (p236) en route.
From Iringa, detour to Ruaha National Park (p286) before heading southwest
towards Mbeya (p291). Time permitting, detour from Mbeya to Tukuyu (p297)
– an ideal base for some low-key hiking – and to Kitulo National Park (p290) and
then on to Lake Nyasa (p298) and a few days on the beach at Matema (p299).
Backtracking a bit, make your way via Njombe (p289) to Songea (p301) and
then east via Tunduru (p303) to Mikindani (p326) and Mtwara (p322). Continue
north up the coast, with stops at Lindi (p320), Kilwa (p316) – including the
ruins on Kilwa Kisiwani (p318) – and Mafia (p306). Wind up with time on
Zanzibar (p108) and Pemba (p142) before finishing in Dar es Salaam.

To get into Tan-

zania’s pulse,
allow at least two
months to follow
Ngorongoro
this 2500km-plus Crater
Moshi
loop – longer
Arusha
including detours Mkomazi
Game Reserve
or for time out Mt Hanang Babati Usambara
(3417m) Mountains
hiking and explor- Kolo-Kondoa
Rock Art Sites
Pemba
Tanga
ing. Main roads are Pangani
tarmac. Elsewhere, Saadani Zanzibar
National
expect lots of DODOMA Park Bagamoyo

bumps and dust (or DAR ES

SALAAM
mud). Ruaha
National Park
Mafia
Island
Iringa
Kitulo
National Kilwa
Park Masoko
Mbeya
Kilwa
Kisiwani
Njombe
Tukuyu
Matema Mtwara
Lindi
La
ke

Mikindani
Nyasa

Songea

Tunduru
 lonelyplanet.com I T I N E R A R I E S • • R o a d s Le s s T r a v e l l e d 17

THE GRAND TOUR – 2 Two to Four Months

From Dar es Salaam (p84), journey through the Southern Highlands, stopping
at Mikumi National Park (p278), Iringa (p282), Ruaha National Park (p286), Mufindi
(p289) and Mbeya (p291). (A good alternative to the bus: take the Tazara line
train through the Selous Game Reserve and on to Mbeya.) Continue north-
west via Sumbawanga (p271) towards Katavi National Park (p270), Mpanda (p269),
Tabora (p259), and then north to Mwanza (p244) via Nzega and Shinyanga. After
exploring the Lake Victoria area, make your way through the western Serengeti
(p216) to Arusha (p195), then southeast to Zanzibar Archipelago (p106) and the
coast. Alternatively, from Tabora, head west to Kigoma (p262) and Gombe Stream
National Park (p265) – or south via lake steamer to Mahale Mountains National
Park (p267) before returning east. For a condensed version of this loop, fly
from Ruaha National Park to Katavi National Park and/or Mahale Mountains
National Park and Lake Tanganyika, then make your way east.
Another option from Dar es Salaam: follow the coast south, stopping at
Mafia (p306), Kilwa (p316), Lindi (p320), Mikindani (p326) and Mtwara (p322)
before continuing south to Mozambique, or west to Songea (p301). From
Songea, travel up to Mbeya (p291) or southwest to Mbamba Bay and over
to Malawi.
Two alternatives from Arusha: travel via the western Serengeti to Lake
Victoria, and Rubondo Island National Park (p252), Ukerewe (p250) or Lukuba
(p243) islands. Or, visit Tarangire National Park (p214) and Lake Manyara National
Park (p212) before heading north to Lake Natron (p227) then west into the
Serengeti. Spend as much time in and around the Serengeti as possible
before continuing west to Lake Victoria. Fly back to Arusha or on to Dar es
Salaam and the coast.

To get in every-
Lukuba
Lake Island thing mentioned
Victoria
here, plan on at
Rubondo Island Ukerewe
Lake
least three to four
National Park
Natron
Mwanza Serengeti
National Park
months and too
Arusha
Lake Manyara
many kilometres to
National Park
count. Or, pick and
Tarangire
choose from among
Gombe Stream
National Park National Park Pemba
the shorter alter-
Kigoma
Tabora nate loops, each of
Zanzibar
which is a journey’s
Mahale Mpanda
Archipelago worth in itself.
Mountains Katavi
National Park National Mikumi DAR ES
Park Ruaha National Park SALAAM
Lake National Park
Tanganyika
Sumbawanga
Iringa Mafia

Mufindi Kilwa
Mbeya Masoko
Kilwa
Kisiwani

Lindi

Mikindani
Mtwara
Songea

Mbamba Bay
Other documents randomly have
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 Statistics - Quick Reference
Winter 2025 - Institute

Prepared by: Lecturer Brown

Date: July 28, 2025

Chapter 1: Assessment criteria and rubrics

Learning Objective 1: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
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• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 4: Ethical considerations and implications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 4: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 5: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 5: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 5: Experimental procedures and results
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Topic 2: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 12: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 15: Case studies and real-world applications
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Section 3: Fundamental concepts and principles
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 21: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 23: Best practices and recommendations
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 27: Best practices and recommendations
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 29: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 30: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Quiz 4: Learning outcomes and objectives
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 35: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 35: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 37: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 38: Literature review and discussion
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Part 5: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 42: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 43: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 43: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 44: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 47: Ethical considerations and implications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 49: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Appendix 6: Ethical considerations and implications
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 52: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 54: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 56: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 57: Research findings and conclusions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Case studies and real-world applications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Lesson 7: Ethical considerations and implications
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 61: Case studies and real-world applications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 63: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 66: Case studies and real-world applications
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 68: Research findings and conclusions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice 8: Interdisciplinary approaches
Practice Problem 70: Practical applications and examples
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 74: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 74: Historical development and evolution
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 76: Historical development and evolution
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 78: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 79: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Key terms and definitions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 80: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Conclusion 9: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Practice Problem 80: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 82: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 83: Case studies and real-world applications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 85: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 85: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 86: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 86: Literature review and discussion
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 87: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 88: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Introduction 10: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Example 90: Best practices and recommendations
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 92: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 92: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 93: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 93: Practical applications and examples
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 94: Best practices and recommendations
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
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