SIR MAJEED’S

Quadrilaterals
Shape Properties
SUBJECT: MATH (NOTES & PRACTISE SHEET GEOMETRY) DATE: 26/05/2025 Square 4 equal sides, 4 right angles
GEOMETRY Rectangle Opposite sides equal, 4 right angles
Rhombus 4 equal sides, opposite angles equal
1. Introduction to Geometry
Parallelogram Opposite sides parallel and equal
Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with shapes, sizes, positions, angles, and dimensions
Trapezoid Only one pair of parallel sides
of objects. It is derived from the Greek words "geo" (earth) and "metron" (measurement).

2. Basic Geometric Concepts D. Circles

A. Points, Lines, and Planes Radius (r) – Distance from center to edge.
Point – A location with no size (0D). Diameter (d) – Twice the radius (d = 2r).
Line – A straight path extending infinitely in both directions (1D). Circumference (C) – Perimeter of a circle (C = 2πr or C = πd).
Line Segment – Part of a line with two endpoints. Area (A) – A = πr².
Ray – A line with one endpoint extending infinitely in one direction. Arc – A part of the circumference.
Plane – A flat, two-dimensional surface extending infinitely (2D). Sector – A "pizza slice" of the circle.
B. Angles Chord – A line segment connecting two points on the circle.
An angle is formed by two rays meeting at a common endpoint (vertex).
Types of Angles 3. Perimeter, Area, and Volume
Type Measure (Degrees) Example A. Perimeter (P)
Acute 0° < θ < 90° 45° Total distance around a shape.
Right θ = 90° Corner of a square Square: P = 4 × side
Obtuse 90° < θ < 180° 120° Rectangle: P = 2(length + width)
Triangle: P = a + b + c
Straight θ = 180° A straight line
B. Area (A)
Reflex 180° < θ < 360° 270°
Measure of surface covered.
Square: A = side²
Angle Pairs Rectangle: A = length × width
Complementary Angles – Sum to 90° Triangle: A = ½ × base × height
Supplementary Angles – Sum to 180° Circle: A = πr²
Vertical Angles – Opposite angles formed by intersecting lines (equal in measure) Trapezoid: A = ½ × (sum of parallel sides) × height
Adjacent Angles – Share a common side and vertex C. Volume (V)
C. Polygons Space occupied by a 3D object.
A closed shape with straight sides. Cube: V = side³
Types of Polygons Rectangular Prism: V = length × width × height
Name Sides Example Cylinder: V = πr²h
Triangle 3 Equilateral, Isosceles, Scalene Sphere: V = (4/3)πr³
Quadrilateral 4 Square, Rectangle, Trapezoid Cone: V = (1/3)πr²h
Pentagon 5 Regular Pentagon
Hexagon 6 Honeycomb cells
Heptagon 7 - 4. Solid Geometry (3D Shapes)
Octagon 8 Stop sign Shape Faces Edges Vertices
Cube 6 12 8
Properties of Triangles Rectangular Prism 6 12 8
Sum of angles = 180° Sphere 1 (curved) 0 0
Types by Sides: Cylinder 3 (2 circles, 1 rectangle) 2 edges (circular) 0
Equilateral – All sides equal, all angles 60° Cone 2 (1 circle, 1 curved) 1 edge (circular) 1
Isosceles – Two sides equal, two angles equal
Scalene – All sides and angles unequal PRACTISE SHEET
Types by Angles: 1. What is the sum of the interior angles of a triangle?
Acute – All angles < 90° A) 90° B) 180° C) 270° D) 360°
Right – One angle = 90° 2. A polygon with 5 sides is called a:
Obtuse – One angle > 90° A) Hexagon B) Pentagon C) Octagon D) Decagon
3. Which of the following is NOT a quadrilateral? 28. A line that touches a circle at exactly one point is called a:
A) Square B) Triangle C) Rhombus D) Trapezoid A) Chord B) Secant C) Tangent D) Radius
4. In a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the right angle is called: 29. The volume of a cylinder with radius 3 cm and height 7 cm (π = 22/7) is:
A) Hypotenuse B) Adjacent C) Opposite D) Base A) 66 cm³ B) 132 cm³ C) 198 cm³ D) 462 cm³
5. The perimeter of a square with side length 5 cm is: 30. Which transformation changes the size of a figure but not its shape?
A) 10 cm B) 15 cm C) 20 cm D) 25 cm A) Rotation B) Reflection C) Translation D) Dilation
6. The area of a rectangle with length 8 m and width 3 m is: 31. A polygon with all sides and angles equal is called:
A) 11 m² B) 24 m² C) 32 m² D) 48 m² A) Regular B) Irregular C) Scalene D) Isosceles
7. If two angles are complementary, their sum is: 32. The midpoint of a line segment with endpoints (2, 3) and (6, 7) is:
A) 45° B) 90° C) 180° D) 360° A) (4, 5) B) (3, 4) C) (5, 6) D) (8, 10)
8. The circumference of a circle with radius 7 cm (use π = 22/7) is: 33. The slope of the line passing through (1, 2) and (3, 8) is:
A) 22 cm B) 44 cm C) 88 cm D) 154 cm A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6
9. A triangle with all sides equal is called: 34. A 3D shape with a circular base and a vertex is a:
A) Isosceles B) Scalene C) Equilateral D) Right-angled A) Cylinder B) Cone C) Sphere D) Pyramid
10. The volume of a cube with side length 4 cm is: 35. The surface area of a cube with side length 5 cm is:
A) 16 cm³ B) 32 cm³ C) 64 cm³ D) 128 cm³ A) 25 cm² B) 100 cm² C) 125 cm² D) 150 cm²
11. Which of the following is a 3D shape? 36. If two lines never meet, they are called:
A) Square B) Circle C) Sphere D) Pentagon A) Perpendicular B) Parallel C) Intersecting D) Transversal
12. The number of edges in a cube is: 37. The longest side of a right-angled triangle is the:
A) 6 B) 8 C) 12 D) 16 A) Base B) Hypotenuse C) Leg D) Median
13. If two lines intersect and form a 90° angle, they are called: 38. The number of faces in a triangular prism is:
A) Parallel B) Perpendicular C) Skew D) Transversal A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8
14. The area of a triangle with base 10 cm and height 6 cm is: 39. If the radius of a circle is 20 cm, its diameter is:
A) 16 cm² B) 30 cm² C) 60 cm² D) 120 cm² A) 5 cm B) 10 cm C) 20 cm D) 40 cm
15. A shape with all points at the same distance from its center is a: 40. A triangle with sides 7 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm is a:
A) Square B) Rectangle C) Circle D) Triangle A) Acute triangle B) Right triangle C) Obtuse triangle D) Equilateral triangle
16. The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is always:
A) 180° B) 270° C) 360° D) 540°
17. Which formula represents the Pythagorean theorem?
A) a + b = c B) a² + b² = c² C) a × b = c D) a² – b² = c²
18. A parallelogram with all sides equal and all angles 90° is a:
A) Rhombus B) Rectangle C) Square D) Trapezoid
19. The diameter of a circle is 14 cm. Its radius is:
A) 7 cm B) 14 cm C) 21 cm D) 28 cm
20. A transformation that flips a figure over a line is called a:
A) Rotation B) Translation C) Reflection D) Dilation
21. How many sides does a hexagon have?
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7
22. The sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is:
A) 180° B) 270° C) 360° D) 540°
23. Which of these is a property of a rhombus?
A) All angles are 90° B) Opposite sides are parallel
C) Only one pair of parallel sides D) No equal sides
24. If the radius of a circle is 10 cm, its diameter is:
A) 5 cm B) 10 cm C) 20 cm D) 40 cm
25. A triangle with sides 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm is always a:
A) Scalene triangle B) Isosceles triangle
C) Right-angled triangle D) Obtuse triangle
26. The area of a trapezoid with bases 6 cm and 4 cm and height 5 cm is:
A) 10 cm² B) 15 cm² C) 20 cm² D) 25 cm²
27. Two angles are supplementary. If one angle is 110°, the other is:
A) 20° B) 70° C) 90° D) 180°