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Calculate The Flow Velocity Using The Continuity Equation

The document contains a series of fluid mechanics problems and solutions, including calculations for flow velocity, discharge, pressure head, Reynolds number, exit velocity from an orifice, head loss in a pipe, flow rate, Froude number, coefficient of discharge, and rate of rise in water level. Each problem is presented with given parameters, options, and a detailed solution. Correct answers are indicated for each problem.

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D.N. Chaudhary
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24 views5 pages

Calculate The Flow Velocity Using The Continuity Equation

The document contains a series of fluid mechanics problems and solutions, including calculations for flow velocity, discharge, pressure head, Reynolds number, exit velocity from an orifice, head loss in a pipe, flow rate, Froude number, coefficient of discharge, and rate of rise in water level. Each problem is presented with given parameters, options, and a detailed solution. Correct answers are indicated for each problem.

Uploaded by

D.N. Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculate the flow velocity using the continuity equation.

Given:

• Diameter at section 1 = 0.3 m,

• Velocity at section 1 = 4 m/s

• Diameter at section 2 = 0.15 m

Find the velocity at section 2.

Options:

A) 8 m/s

B) 12 m/s

C) 16 m/s ✅

D) 18 m/s

E) 20 m/s

Solution:

Using the continuity equation:

A₁V₁ = A₂V₂

(π/4) (0.3) ² × 4 = (π/4) (0.15) ² × V₂

(0.09) × 4 = (0.0225) × V₂

0.36 = 0.0225 × V₂

V₂ = 0.36 / 0.0225 = 16 m/s

____

2. A pipe with a diameter of 0.2 m carries water at a velocity of 3 m/s. What is the discharge?

Options:

A) 0.094 m³/s ✅

B) 0.050 m³/s

C) 0.125 m³/s

D) 0.070 m³/s

E) 0.200 m³/s

Solution:

Q = A × V = (π/4) (0.2) ² × 3 = (0.0314) × 3 = 0.094 m³/s


____

3. Calculate the pressure head if the pressure at a point is 150 kPa. (Take ρ = 1000 kg/m³, g = 9.81 m/s²)

Options:

A) 10 m

B) 15.3 m

C) 20.4 m

D) 25.6 m ✅

E) 30 m

Solution:

h = P / (ρg) = 150,000 / (1000 × 9.81) = 25.6 m

____

4. Water flows at 2 m/s through a 100 mm diameter pipe. Find the Reynolds number. (Kinematic
viscosity = 1×10⁻⁶ m²/s)

Options:

A) 150,000

B) 200,000

C) 100,000 ✅

D) 50,000

E) 250,000

Solution:

Re = (V × D) / ν = (2 × 0.1) / (1×10⁻⁶) = 200,000

(Correct answer actually should be B)

✅ Corrected: B) 200,000

____

5. A tank drains water through a 0.1 m diameter orifice at its base. If water level is 4 m high, find the
velocity at exit.

Options:

A) 5.6 m/s

B) 6.2 m/s
C) 8.9 m/s ✅

D) 9.8 m/s

E) 10.5 m/s

Solution:

V = √(2gh) = √(2×9.81×4) = √78.48 = 8.9 m/s

____

6. Determine the head loss in a 50 m long pipe with a flow velocity of 2 m/s, friction factor f = 0.02, and
diameter = 0.1 m.

Options:

A) 2.0 m

B) 3.5 m

C) 4.08 m ✅

D) 5.2 m

E) 6.1 m

Solution:

hₗ = f(L/D)(V²/2g) = 0.02 × (50/0.1) × (2² / 2×9.81)

= 0.02 × 500 × (4 / 19.62) = 10 × 0.204 = 2.04 m

✅ Corrected Answer: A) 2.04 m

____

7. If velocity = 3 m/s, area = 0.5 m², what is the flow rate Q?

Options:

A) 1.5 m³/s ✅

B) 0.3 m³/s

C) 6.0 m³/s

D) 3.5 m³/s

E) 2.0 m³/s

Solution:

Q = A × V = 0.5 × 3 = 1.5 m³/s

____
8. A hydraulic jump occurs with initial depth y₁ = 0.3 m and velocity V₁ = 6 m/s. What is Froude number?
(g = 9.81 m/s²)

Options:

A) 1.5

B) 2.0

C) 3.4 ✅

D) 4.1

E) 5.0

Solution:

Fr = V₁ / √(g × y₁) = 6 / √(9.81 × 0.3) = 6 / √2.943 = 6 / 1.715 = 3.4

____

9. The discharge over a rectangular notch is 0.8 m³/s, width = 1 m, head = 0.4 m. Find coefficient of
discharge Cd.

Options:

A) 0.5

B) 0.6

C) 0.62

D) 0.65

E) 0.64 ✅

Solution:

Q = (2/3)Cd × b × √(2g) × H^(3/2)

0.8 = (2/3)Cd × 1 × √(2×9.81) × (0.4)^(3/2)

0.8 = 0.6667 × Cd × 4.43 × 0.253

0.8 = Cd × 0.749

Cd = 0.8 / 0.749 = 0.64

____

10. A reservoir has an area of 1000 m². If inflow rate is 2 m³/s and outflow is 1.5 m³/s, what is the rate of
rise in water level?

Options:

A) 0.0005 m/s ✅
B) 0.001 m/s

C) 0.002 m/s

D) 0.005 m/s

E) 0.01 m/s

Solution:

Net inflow = 2 - 1.5 = 0.5 m³/s

Rate of rise = 0.5 / 1000 = 0.0005 m/s

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