FORMS AND
FUNCTIONS OF
SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics
FORMS AND
FUNCTIONS OF
SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics
Lesson Outline:
Concepts of Social Group
and Social Organization
Characteristics of Social
Group
Types of Social Group/
Organization
Lesson Outline:
Concepts of Social Group
and Social Organization
Characteristics of Social
Group
Types of Social Group/
Organization
Group Crowd
Concepts of Assem
bly
Social Group
and Social
Organization
Lesson 1
Group
It defines a group as a
collection of two or more
persons who are in social
interaction, who are guided by
similar norms, values, and
expectations, and who maintain
a stable pattern of relations
over a period of time. (Homans,
1950)
Group
It is a set of individual
who identify and
interact with one
another in a structured
way based on shared
values and goals. (Light,
1984)
Social Group
It is a unit of interacting
personalities with
interdependence of roles and
status existing between among
themselves. it is a collection of
people who interact with each
other in accordance to position
they occupy in the society
Social Organization
It refers to a type of
collectivity established for the
pursuit of the specific aims or
goals, characterized by a
formal structure of rules,
authority relations, a division
of labor and limited
membership or admission.
Social Interaction
Social interaction often
involves the exchange of
information, ideas, and
emotions through verbal
and non-verbal means
between two or more
people.
Social Status
It is a collection of
rights and duties that
goes with a position in a
group.
A status may be
ascribed or achieved.
SOCIAL STATUS
Achieved Ascribed
is where an is the status by
individual may
virtue of one’s birth.
acquire by virtue of
He does not have a
his own efforts, use
of intelligence and choice or decision
skills, choice. on the matter such
example: Marriage, as his sex, age,
occupation, religion, or
education, lotto nationality.
winning.
Social Role
A social role refers to a
set of behaviors,
expectations, and
obligations associated
with a particular
position or status within
a society or social
group.
Activity 1
Fill in the table below. list down the name of the
members of your household and identify their social
status and social role in your family.
Family Member Social Status Social Role
Lesson Outline:
Concepts of Social Group
and Social Organization
Characteristics of Social
Group
Types of Social Group/
Organization
Characteristics
of a Social
Group
Lesson 2
Given number of
Individual
A social group consists of a given number
of individuals. Without a number of
individual, no social group can be formed.
Reciprocal Relations
There exist reciprocal relations
among the members of a social
group. These reciprocal relations
among the members are the basis
or foundation of social group
without which social group cannot
be formed. The members must
interact or inter-related with each
other
Common Goals
The aims, objectives and ideals of the members
are common. Here, individual interests are
sacrificed for group interest.
Sense of Unity and
Solidarity
Members of a social group are always tied by a
sense of unity and bond of solidarity, common
goals, and mutual relations strengthens this bond
of unity and solidarity. This creates loyalty and
sympathy among the members of social group.
A Strong Sense of
We-feeling
This we-feeling fosters cooperation among
members, because of this the members identify
themselves with the group and consider others as
outsiders.
Group Norms
Every social group has its own, regulations
and norms which the members are
supposed to follow.
Similar Behavior
As the interests, ideals and values of a group are
common hence its members behave in a similar
manner.
Awareness
Members of a social group are aware about the
membership which distinguishes them from
others.
Group Control
Social group exercises some sort of control over its
members and over their activities.
Permanent or
Temporary in Nature
Social groups may be permanent or temporary in
nature. There are permanent groups likes family
and temporary groups like crowd, mob etc.
Dynamic
Social groups are dynamic in nature. It is
not static. It responds to different changes.
The nature of change may be slow or rapid
but it is bound to occur.
Established
Patterns
Social groups develop established
patterns of behavior and interaction
over time. These patterns create a
sense of order and predictability
within the group. They also
contribute to the cohesion and
identity of the group by providing
guidelines for member behavior.
Question:
What are the characteristics of a social group?
Why do we need to identify different characteristics of Social Group?
Why social groups are dynamic?
1 whole sheet of
Yellow Paper
Performance Task
Lesson Outline:
Concepts of Social Group
and Social Organization
Characteristics of Social
Group
Types of Social Group/
Organization
Type of Social
Group or
Organization
Lesson 3
TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
According to Social Ties
According to Self-identification
According to Purpose
According to Geographical Location and
Degree or Quality Relationship
According to Form of Organization
ACCORDING TO SOCIAL TIES
A. Primary Group
A long and lasting group
whose members have
intimate, personal continuous
face-to-face relationship.
characterized by strong ties of
love and affection.
family, gangs, friendship
ACCORDING TO SOCIAL TIES
B. Secondary Group
Groups with which the individual
comes in contact later in life.
Characterized by impersonal, business-
like, contractual, formal and casual
relationship.
Usually large in size, not very enduring
and with limited relationships.
Examples: industrial workers, business
associates, faculty staff, company
employee
ACCORDING TO SELF-IDENTIFICATION
A. In-group
A social unit in which
individuals feel home and
with which they identify.
ACCORDING TO SELF-IDENTIFICATION
B. Out-group
A social unit to which
individuals do not belong
due to differences in
certain social categories
and with which they do
not identify.
ACCORDING TO SELF-IDENTIFICATION
C. Reference Group
Groups to which we
consciously or unconsciously
refer when we try to evaluate
our own life situations and
behavior, but to which we do
not necessarily belong.
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
A. Special Interest Group
Groups which are
organized to meet the
special interest of the
member
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
B. Task Group
Group assigned to
accomplish jobs which
cannot be done by one
person.
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
C. Influence or
Pressure Group
Group organized to
support or influence
social actions
ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
AND DEGREE OR QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP
A. Gemeinschaft
A social system in which most
relationship is personal or
traditional.
It is a community of intimate,
private and exclusive living and
familism.
Culture is homogenous and
traditional.
ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
AND DEGREE OR QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP
B. Gesselschaft
A social system in which most
relationships are impersonal,
formal, contractual or bargain-
like.
Relationship is individualistic,
business-like, secondary and
rationalized.
Culture is heterogenous and
more advanced.
ACCORDING TO FORM OF ORGANIZATION
A. Formal Group
Social organization
Deliberately formed, and
their purpose and objectives
are explicitly defined.
Have a certain type of
administrative structure
called “bureaucracy”.
ACCORDING TO FORM OF ORGANIZATION
B. Informal Group
Arises spontaneously out of the
interactions of two or more
persons.
It is unplanned
Has no explicit rules for
membership, and does not have
specific objectives to be
attained.
