The Stuff that Dreams Are

Remade OfThe English Connection WSC Training

 Title: The Butter Sculptures of
Caroline S. Brooks
• Medium: Butter Sculpture
• Notable Work: Dreaming Iolanthe (1876)
• Background: Butter sculpting dates back to Renaissance and
Baroque "banquet art." Caroline S. Brooks (1840 – 1913)
elevated this tradition by displaying her butter sculptures in
galleries and exhibitions, using ice to prevent melting.
• First Sculpture: 1867, as a promotional piece for dairy
products.
• Technique: Brooks utilized traditional sculpting tools,
including a butter paddle and broom straw, without relying on
molds.
• Key Achievements:
• Exhibited Dreaming Iolanthe in Cincinnati (1874),
attracting over 2,000 visitors.
• Created a bas-relief bust and a full-sized sculpture of
Iolanthe for the Centennial Exhibition (Philadelphia,
1876) and the third Paris World's Fair (1878).
• Later Career: Studied art in Paris and Florence,
eventually shifted to marble but continued to use butter
as a sculpting material.
• Legacy: Influenced other sculptors, including John Karl
Daniels, and contributed significantly to the tradition of
butter sculpting in art and exhibitions.
 Title: MISSA, 1992 – 2012
• Artist: Dominique Blain
• Collection: Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal
• Medium: Installation with 100 pairs of army boots, mono-
filament, metal grid
• Size: 700 x 700 cm
• Overview: A powerful, minimalist installation creating an
impactful silence that evokes narratives and associations
related to the consequences of war, including themes of
obedience, strength, belonging, and loss.
• Critique by David Pagel in Art Forum, 1993: Highlights the
profound silence and the emotional and conceptual depth as
viewers engage with the piece, bringing attention to the
complex interplay between the visible and the invisible in
commemorating war's intangible yet severe impacts.
 Title: Cassette Tape Art
by Erika Iris Simmons
• Medium: Non-traditional; uses old audio
cassettes, reel tapes, and other discarded
materials
• Series: Ghost in the Machine
• Concept: Transforming obsolete media into intricate
portraits of celebrities and musicians like Marilyn
Monroe, Bob Dylan, Robert DiNero, Jimi Hendrix, Ian
Curtis, and Jim Morrison.
• Artist's Approach: Simmons seeks to give new life to
discarded items, celebrating their history and
uniqueness by crafting them into remarkable pieces
of art.
• Philosophy: Embraces the challenge and satisfaction
of working with materials that have a "mind of their
own," often found or donated, considered past their
prime.
• Impact: The artwork creatively commemorates the
once-ubiquitous cassette tape while paying homage
to cultural icons, merging nostalgia with
contemporary art.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Charles Darwin's Finches
Charles Darwin, during his voyage on the HMS
Beagle, spent five weeks in the Galapagos
Islands where he collected various species that
later influenced his theory of evolution and
natural selection. Among these were the birds
known as "Darwin's Finches," which, despite
their name, are thought to be more closely
related to blackbirds or mockingbirds. The
observation of these finches, particularly the
variations in their beak shapes adapted to
different food sources, helped Darwin develop
his ideas on adaptive radiation and speciation.
These findings were crucial in his formulation
of the theory of evolution, detailed in his
publications "The Voyage of the Beagle" and
"On the Origin of Species."
Should Darwin’s
scientific
drawings /
sketches be
considered art?

…how about this

AI image of him?
INTO THE
CAVES!
Sulawesi Cave Art
Leang Timpuseng cave in the Maros-Pangkep
region of Sulawesi, Indonesia, contains some
of the oldest Stone Age art, dating back to at
least 37,900 BCE. This includes the world's
second oldest known painting, a hand stencil,
and a depiction of a babirusa (pig-deer) dating
to at least 33,400 BCE. These findings,
achieved using uranium/thorium dating
techniques, suggest that modern humans had
a common cultural and cognitive capability
for art before leaving Africa. The discovery
challenges previous assumptions about the
evolution of human artistic expression and
indicates simultaneous development of art
across different geographies.
But what is a babirusa?
 Ancient cave art: How new hi-tech
archaeology is revealing the ghosts of
human history

Advancements in digital archaeology, such as

photogrammetry and digital image enhancement, are
uncovering ancient rock art and glyphs in caves,
revealing new details about human history. In an
UNNAMED cave in Alabama, researchers discovered
giant glyphs depicting human forms and animals
dating back to between 133–433 AD, using techniques
that allow for the visualization of art in difficult-to-
access locations. These discoveries, alongside others
like a 64,000-year-old hand stencil in Spain, highlight
the global presence of ancient art and suggest we have
only uncovered a fraction of what exists. Future
archaeological explorations may benefit from
technologies like full body scanners, promising to
reveal more "ghosts" of our past hidden in rock art.
Photogrammetry

Thousands of
overlapping photographs
of an object or place are
taken from different
angles and digitally
combined in 3D
The French government has built an
exact replica of the prehistoric paintings
in Lascaux, next to the originals. This
photo was taken in the replicated cave.
The originals were painted some 20,000
years ago but are closed to the public to
protect the artwork.
Eleanor Beardsley/NPR
Article Summary
In 1940, four teenagers found the Lascaux
cave in France with ancient animal
paintings.
After World War II, people could visit it, but
it got damaged, so it had to be closed in
1963. The French government spent $64
million to make an exact copy of the cave to
show what it was like. Inside, visitors can
see over 600 paintings and 1,000 carvings,
and it helps us understand how ancient
artists worked. This replica also protects
the original art.
Even though we still have questions about
why the cave art was made and how long it
took, the Lascaux IV complex gives people
a cool and educational experience.
 The Replica is
Underneath a
Museum
Lascaux – original caves
Lascaux II – exact copy the Great Hall
of the Bulls and The Painted Gallery
Lascaux III – a series of five exact
copies of the cave art
Lascaux IV – the largest replica of the
cave with all painted areas of the cave
and digital technology integrated into
the displays
Section 3 – Some weird duplicates!
 TWO PYRAMIDS ARE TWICE AS
GOOD AS ONE
• In 1908, engineer E.S. Wheeler proposed building a full-scale
replica of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Detroit as a whimsical,
imaginative project.
• Location: Proposed on a twelve-acre site on Fort Street,
historically significant as Cadillac's village (1702) and site of
Pontiac's attack (1763).
• Cost Estimate (1908): $36,000,000, equivalent to $926.5 million
today, comparing the cost to the $8,000,000 Detroit-Windsor
tunnel construction at the time.
• Construction Insight: Utilizing the entire U.S. workforce capable
of labor, Wheeler humorously estimated a pyramid could be built
in 1.5 days, suggesting a productivity rate that would allow the
construction of two pyramids every three days.
• Modern Extrapolation: Based on the current U.S. population, the
calculation suggests an ability to produce 2.6 pyramids per day
with modern construction techniques.
 Second Eiffel Tower – Eiffela

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUiys8XGKl0
Eiffel Tower: Iconic Paris
landmark gets a mini-twin
Blackpool, England Tianducheng, China Las Vegas, USA Lyon, France Paris, Texas, USA

There are many other replicas that can

be read about HERE.
 Make sure
you know
what
happened in
Pompeii!

*Not actual historical footage

 Virtual Pompeii: GU students time traveling in
class using Lithodomos VR technology
Gonzaga University history professor Andrew Goldman is
incorporating virtual reality (VR) technology into his Pompeii
class to provide students with immersive experiences of the
ancient city before it was buried by Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
Using smartphones, $5 cardboard viewers, and VR
technology developed by Lithodomos VR, students can
explore detailed, 360-degree reconstructions of Pompeii's
sites, including a resident's atrium, a bakery, and the city's
forum. This innovative educational tool, supported by a grant
from the university, allows students to visualize and
understand ancient life, architecture, and social structures
more vividly than traditional methods. Goldman aims to
extend this VR application to other history classes, making
ancient civilizations accessible and engaging for students at
a low cost.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF FINLAND
OFFERS VIRTUAL TIME TRAVEL

The new VR exhibit at the museum

allows visitors to immerse themselves
in 1863 Finland by entering R. W.
Ekman’s painting ‘The Opening of the
Diet 1863 by Alexander II’, engaging with
historical figures and exploring the Diet
of Finland and the Hall of Mirrors in the
Imperial Palace. Created by Zoan Oy,
Finland's largest VR studio, the exhibit
aims to blend historical artefacts with
digital technology to offer a unique,
interactive walk through history.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF FINLAND OFFERS
VIRTUAL TIME TRAVEL
 Modigliani VR
The Ochre Atelier
 Modigliani VR
The Ochre Atelier
 A portrait of the artist’s studio –
in virtual reality

The Zabludowicz Collection in north London has

opened the UK's first dedicated space for
exhibiting virtual reality (VR) artworks, featuring an
immersive environment designed to enhance the
VR experience. The inaugural VR piece, I Came and
Went as a Ghost Hand (Cycle 2) by American artist
Rachel Rossin, explores the artist's studio through
a virtual, interactive landscape, offering viewers a
unique, digital representation of space and form.
Rossin's work, created during her fellowship at the
New Museum in New York, utilizes 3D scans of her
studio, altered to reflect on the nature of digital
representation and the concept of entropy. I Came and Went as a Ghost Hand | Rachel Rossin
(2016)
 La Camera Insabbiata
Laurie Anderson & Hsin-
Chien Huang (
The Taipei Fine Arts Museum presents La
Camera Insabbiata, a collaborative virtual reality
work by Laurie Anderson and Hsin-Chien Huang,
which won Best VR Experience at the 74th
Venice International Film Festival. This immersive
experience departs from traditional VR by
creating worlds rooted in personal experiences
and memories, offering participants a unique
journey through eight abstract and dream-like
rooms. Within this virtual space, viewers can
engage deeply with their senses, navigating
through environments filled with voice, sound,
and visual elements that challenge conventional
perceptions of space and reality.
What type of
image is
this?
Video Support for Judith and Holofernes
 Judith and Holofernes !
https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-judith-beheading-holofernes-art-historys-favorite-icon-female-rage
Quick Review of Judith’s!
Judith with the Head of Holofernes by Michael
Wolgemut & Wilhelm Pleydenwurff (1493): This work,
created during the Northern Renaissance, likely
illustrates a scene from the Nuremberg Chronicle. It
presents Judith in a moment of triumph, holding the
head of Holofernes. The style is characteristic of the
late 15th century, focusing on narrative detail and
moral virtue.

Judith and Holofernes by Giorgio Vasari (1554): A High

Renaissance painting by Vasari, this piece captures
the dramatic moment of Judith beheading
Holofernes. Vasari's work emphasizes the courage
and virtue of Judith, presenting her as a heroine in a
dynamic and dramatic composition that reflects the
Mannerist style of the time, with elongated figures
and heightened emotion.
Quick Review of Judith’s!
Judith Slaying Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi
(1612-13): One of the most famous depictions of the
subject, Gentileschi’s painting is noted for its graphic
realism and emotional intensity. This Baroque
masterpiece reflects Gentileschi's personal
experiences, portraying Judith as a powerful and
determined figure, capturing the physical effort and
moral resolve involved in her act.

Judith and Holofernes by Pedro Americo (1880): A work

of the 19th century, Americo’s painting portrays the
biblical scene with a Romantic flair, emphasizing drama
and emotion. The artwork likely reflects the period's
interest in historical and biblical subjects, portrayed
with idealized beauty and a focus on the dramatic
climax of the story.
Quick Review of Judith’s!
• Judith and Holofernes by Kehinde Wiley (2012): This
contemporary interpretation reimagines the traditional
narrative in a modern context, with Wiley’s signature style
of combining historical motifs with modern African-
American subjects. The painting challenges traditional
representations and explores themes of power, race, and
gender, placing Judith in a contemporary setting that
questions and subverts historical narratives.

• Judith on the Red Square by Vitaly Komar and Alexander

Melamid (1981-1983): Part of the Sots Art movement,
which combined Soviet visual iconography with the
techniques of American Pop Art, this work comments on
political and social issues of the Soviet Union. By placing
Judith in the context of the Red Square, it symbolically
links the biblical story with themes of revolution and
change, reflecting the artists' critique of Soviet society
and its leaders.
This alpaca is a parody of what painting?
 The Mauritshuis museum in The Hague loaned its
iconic painting, Girl With a Pearl Earring, to the
Rijksmuseum for a major Johannes Vermeer
exhibition but also initiated “My Girl With a Pearl”
contest, inviting artists to reimagine the classic 1665
artwork. Among nearly 3,500 submissions, a piece
titled A Girl With Glowing Earrings, created by
German A.I. artist Julian van Dieken using the
Midjourney A.I. program, was selected as one of the
five winners, sparking controversy and debate over
the use of A.I.-generated art in place of traditional
human-created works. Critics argue that featuring
A.I. art in a museum setting disregards legal, ethical,
and creative concerns, while Mauritshuis officials
defend their choice by emphasizing the creative
process behind the submissions, regardless of how
they were made. Meanwhile, the Rijksmuseum in
Amsterdam hosts the largest ever Vermeer
exhibition, with a virtual version available online,
showcasing around 28 of the artist's works,
including loans from museums worldwide.
 Jacques-Louis David,
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
• Iconic Portrait: Jacques-Louis David's painting,
completed in 1801, is an idealized and powerful
depiction of Napoleon Bonaparte leading his army
across the alps.
• David, a fervent supporter of both the French
Revolution and Napoleon, used his art to glorify
Napoleon's achievements. This painting
commemorates Napoleon’s invasion of northern Italy in
1800, symbolizing his strategic brilliance and
leadership.
• Stylistic Elements: The artwork features Napoleon
calmly mounted on a rearing horse, against a backdrop
of dramatic landscapes.
• Symbolism and Propaganda: The painting is rich in
symbolism and serves as propaganda. Alongside
Napoleon's name carved on the rocks are those of
Hannibal and Charlemagne, linking Napoleon to these
historic conquerors.
• Creation and Idealization: Napoleon's features are
idealized, partly because he did not sit for the portrait;
David had to rely on his son as a model for the pose.
The attention to detail in the uniform (David borrowed
Napoleon’s) and the dynamic pose of the horse
(inspired by an equestrian statue of Peter the Great)
further enhance the painting's impact.
 "Napoleon Crossing the
Alps" by Delaroche (1853)
• In the mid-19th century, there was a trend in
England and the Continent for collecting
memorabilia related to Napoleon Bonaparte.
• Unlike Jacques-Louis David's propagandistic
and heroic portrayal of Napoleon on a white
charger, Paul Delaroche's painting, influenced
by historian Adolphe Thiers's accounts, presents
a more contemplative Napoleon riding a mule
across the Alps.
• Symbolism and Legacy: The interest in
Napoleon's imagery, especially through
Delaroche's painting, underscores the complex
legacy of Napoleon in the 19th century as a
symbol of both historical conflict and a figure of
progress and military genius, recognized even by
those who once considered him an enemy.
Do you know
this
painting?
 Video Support

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09lCfna9S_w
Washington Crossing the
Deleware
Key Differences
The Lucas Museum of
Narrative Art Acquires
Robert Colescott’s
Landmark Painting
“George Washington
Carver Crossing the
Delaware”
 The Lucas Museum of Narrative Art Acquires Robert Colescott’s
Landmark Painting “George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware”
The Lucas Museum of Narrative Art announced its acquisition of
Robert Colescott's painting "George Washington Carver
Crossing the Delaware: Page from an American History
Textbook" from a Sotheby’s New York auction on May 12, 2021.
This painting, considered a breakthrough in late 20th-century
American art, challenges and reinterprets American history
through its bold political content and satirical imagery, offering a
critical view on racial divides in the United States. Sandra
Jackson-Dumont, the museum's Director and CEO, emphasized
the painting's role in exploring narrative art's capacity to address
complex historical and emotional subjects. The Lucas Museum,
focusing on storytelling through visual media, aims to use its
diverse collection to foster connections and promote a just
society.
Video about this artwork:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57MM9bbQWD8
 Castillo San Felipe del Morro
Castillo San Felipe del Morro, or El Morro, is a
historical fortification in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico,
marking nearly 500 years of military significance for
both Spain and the United States. Built between
1539 and 1790, this six-level fortress was pivotal in
defending Puerto Rico against invasions thanks to
its strategic location and the crossfire setup with
the nearby Fortín San Juan de la Cruz. Designated a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, El Morro is
now a museum managed by the National Park
Service, offering visitors insights into the fort's
architectural evolution, military history, and Puerto
Rico's role in colonial and world history. The site
features guided tours, re-creations of historical
barracks and kitchens, and stunning views of the
Atlantic Ocean and Old San Juan, making it a rich
educational and picturesque experience.
 Funai Castle
(reimagined with LED
Lights)
ACTUAL POST:
“The ruins of Funai
Castle in Oita has now
been reimagined with
holographic technology!
With over 70,000 LED
Lights the former glory
of the Funai Castle now
stands tall and proud,
just like it did back in
1743”
 Watch Seven Medieval Architects and designers restored
royal ruins across Europe to their
Castles’ Digital former glory
Reconstruction

Samobor Castle

Spiš Castle
Château Gaillard
Poenari Castle

Menlo Castle
Dunnottar Castle Olsztyn Castle https://www.smithsonianmag.com/s
 Guildford Castle
VR
Guildford Castle VR offers an immersive journey through
one of England’s earliest castles, combining meticulous
historical research with cutting-edge virtual reality
technology to recreate the castle and its surroundings in
astonishing detail. The project began with the aim of
delivering a more comprehensive and engaging historical
experience, utilizing LiDAR scanning and photogrammetry
to capture over 16,000 photographs and create highly
accurate models of the castle, its interiors, and the
surrounding gardens. The creators faced challenges such
as capturing data for over 60 species of foliage to maintain
realism within the VR environment, and they extended their
efforts to rebuild the entire medieval town of Guildford in
3D, based on archaeological reports and historical
research. Additionally, they recreated 12th-century
interiors and furniture to reflect the rich, colorful reality of
the period, diverging from the plain stonework seen today.
Moving forward, the team plans to expand the project to
larger sites, enhance VR interactions, and introduce
multilanguage functionality to make this rich historical
experience accessible to a global audience.
Highly recommend visiting the site
https://www.capturingreality.com/guildford-castle-vr
 Would it be more
educational to visit
a castle with VR?

How about
augmented
reality?
 Shuri Castle and
Controversial Heritage
in Japan
Castle restoration with no
elevators causes
controversy!
Nagoya's plan to restore its iconic castle to
its original 17th-century wooden structure,
as pledged by Mayor Takashi Kawamura, has
sparked controversy due to the refusal to
include elevators, raising concerns about
accessibility for disabled visitors. The
restoration, aimed at attracting more
tourists, faces public backlash and criticism
from civic groups advocating for a barrier-
free society, highlighting the tension between
historical fidelity and modern inclusivity
requirements. Despite the controversy,
including issues of increased costs and
project delays, the city proposes to use "new
technologies" as an alternative to elevators,
without providing specifics, leading to further
debate on the project's commitment to
accessibility.
Why is there an
elevator in this
17th century
Japanese
castle?
Notre Dame Rebuilt
After the devastating fire in April 2019 that severely
damaged Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the world's most
iconic landmarks in Paris, France, efforts to restore the
cathedral have been underway with a focus on historical
fidelity and modern innovation. The French government,
along with international donors, has pledged millions of
euros to fund the restoration, aiming to reopen the
cathedral by 2024, in time for the Paris Olympic Games.
Restoration teams face the challenge of preserving the
original Gothic architecture while incorporating modern
technology to prevent future catastrophes. This includes
rebuilding the roof and the spire, which collapsed during
the fire, using medieval techniques and materials where
possible, but also considering modern enhancements for
structural integrity and fire resistance. The restoration of
Notre Dame not only represents the physical
reconstruction of a historic monument but also
symbolizes the resilience and unity of the global
community in the face of cultural loss.
Should alpacas…

I mean… people still

consider rebuilt sites
as heritage sites?
 Is that a
castle or a
palace?
Castles or Palaces?
Castles and palaces, while both grand and
historically significant, serve distinct purposes
and embody different architectural principles.
Castles were primarily constructed for defense,
featuring thick walls, heavy gates, lookout towers,
and sometimes moats, to protect the monarch
and their people from invasions. Palaces,
conversely, were designed to showcase wealth
and power, emphasizing luxurious living spaces,
elaborate decorations, and impressive displays of
opulence rather than military functionality. The
difference between these two types of royal
residences is exemplified by comparing the
defensive-oriented Windsor Castle with the
extravagantly designed Buckingham Palace, the
latter situated in central London not for strategic
defense but as a symbol of royal grandeur.
Hmmm…
which
castle is
this?
Castles and Palaces Reviewed
The Winter Palace (Russia): Located in
Saint Petersburg, the Winter Palace was the
official residence of the Russian monarchs
from 1732 to 1917. This opulent palace, now
part of the State Hermitage Museum,
showcases the lavish lifestyle of the tsars
and tsarinas. Its grand halls and extensive
art collection make it a treasure trove of
Russian imperial history and culture.
Rambagh Palace (India): Once the
residence of the Maharaja of Jaipur,
Rambagh Palace has been transformed into
a luxury hotel, allowing visitors to
experience the opulence of royal India
firsthand. With its beautiful gardens,
intricately decorated rooms, and historical
architecture, Rambagh Palace offers a
glimpse into the regal lifestyle of its former
inhabitants.
Castles and Palaces Reviewed
Parador Alcaniz (Spain): This castle-hotel, located
in the region of Aragon, is part of the Paradores de
Turismo, a chain of Spanish luxury hotels known for
being housed in historic buildings. Parador Alcaniz,
once a medieval castle and then a convent, offers
guests the unique experience of staying in a place
with centuries of history, complete with Gothic
murals and a 12th-century Templar chapel.
St Donats Castle (Wales): Situated on the southern
coast of Wales, St Donats Castle dates back to the
12th century. It has been modernized over the years
and is now home to Atlantic College, an
international boarding school. This castle’s
adaptation to an educational institution showcases
a creative re-use of historic premises for a noble
cause.
Castles and Palaces Reviewed
Alnwick Castle (England): One of the largest
inhabited castles in the UK, Alnwick Castle is
famous for its role in the Harry Potter films as
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
Apart from being a family home, it is open to the
public as a tourist attraction and film location,
featuring medieval architecture, lush gardens,
and interactive exhibits related to its cinematic
fame.
Doune Castle (Scotland): This well-preserved
medieval stronghold, located in central
Scotland, has gained popularity as a filming
location for several movies and TV shows,
including "Monty Python and the Holy Grail" and
"Outlander." Doune Castle attracts fans from
around the world, offering audio tours narrated
by actors from the shows that were filmed
there.
Oops, did I
do that?
 Old London Bridge, a 17th-century masterpiece by Dutch artist Claude de Jongh,
stands as a significant work in the Iveagh Bequest at Kenwood, depicting the
The Old historical bridge that was once Europe's longest inhabited bridge and a marvel of its
time. The painting captures the bridge as it stood before the Great Fire of London in

London Bridge 1666, showcasing its vibrant commercial life along with the surrounding city's
architecture, thereby providing a unique record of a structure pivotal to London's
history. De Jongh's detailed portrayal, based on sketches made during his visits to
(Claude de London, contrasts the bustling urban life of the City of London with the more
ramshackle South Bank, including the juxtaposition of grand stone buildings against
temporary wooden structures. His work, utilizing unusual proportions to
Jongh -1630) accommodate the bridge's length, reveals the blend of technical skill and historical
documentation, making it a celebrated piece that offers insight into the landscape
and daily life of early 17th-century London.
High Line Park High Line Park, located in New
(New York) York City, is a brilliant example of
urban regeneration and the
imaginative reuse of industrial
infrastructure. Originally a freight
rail line erected in the 1930s, to lift
dangerous trains off Manhattan's
streets, it was abandoned in 1980
and faced demolition before being
transformed into a public park.
Opening in stages beginning in
2009, the High Line stretches 1.45
miles along the west side of
Manhattan, elevated above the
city streets.
 Repurposing Hong Kong’s
Airport
The former site of Hong Kong's Kai Tak
Airport is set to be transformed into a new
landmark with the construction of Airside, a
200-meter-tall skyscraper, which will be the
area's tallest building upon completion in
2022. Designed by Snøhetta, the mixed-use
development aims to revive the historically
significant area with office spaces, retail
complexes, art and dining options, green
spaces, and sustainability features
including a sky farm and an automated
smart waste system.
Repurposing
Athens Airpot
 Solar Farm Parking Lots
France is implementing an innovative solution
to meet renewable energy goals and urban
aesthetic improvement by transforming
parking lots into solar farms, requiring lots
with more than 80 spaces to install solar panel
canopies. This approach aims to generate
significant amounts of clean electricity near
energy-demanding urban areas without the
land use conflicts associated with rural solar
farms and could also offer benefits like shade
for parked cars and the potential for direct EV
charging. This strategy represents a practical
fusion of urban development and
sustainability efforts, leveraging underutilized
spaces to address both energy generation and
environmental beautification.
What makes
rooftop
gardens so
popular?
 Rooftop gardens
Chicago has launched its first major
rooftop farm on McCormick Place, the
largest convention center in North
America, with the aim of supplying its food
service with thousands of pounds of fresh
produce annually. This project, part of a
broader trend towards urban agriculture,
faces challenges such as ensuring
structural integrity, managing risks, and
addressing the unique growing conditions
on rooftops, but it also offers benefits like
food production, community space, and
increased biodiversity.
I survived…
the longest
Powerpoint
in recorded
history…