Cognitive computing, a branch of AI, replicates human-like cognitive functions.

In this
tutorial, let's explore working, and real-world applications, of cognitive computing showcasing
its potential, and addressing ethical considerations.
What is Cognitive Computing?
Cognitive computing is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that aims to create systems
capable of mimicking human-like cognitive functions. The term "cognitive" refers to processes
related to perception, learning, reasoning, and problem-solving – functions traditionally
associated with human intelligence. The goal of cognitive computing is to develop systems
that can understand, interpret, and respond to complex information like the way humans do.
Architecture of Cognitive Computing
Cognitive computing is a kind of heterogeneous model that makes the working of
computerized devices wholesome in all aspects making it capable of solving any and every
kind of problem that a human brain, as well as a computer, could tackle. The architecture of
cognitive computing chips has Neurosynaptic cores that operate in parallel as nodes(neurons)
that comprise the processor(cell body), data bus(axon) and memory(synapse). Such nodes have
been assigned specific weights and are fed with a large amount of data that ultimately
interconnect with each other to perform tasks. These chips keep on analyzing and learning
from the data continuously.
Main Features of Cognitive Computing chips are-
 These work in a clockless event-driven fashion leading to a decrease in energy
consumption and an increase in performance.
 The clockless event-driven fashion here means that unlike traditional processors where
each stage of logic has to be synchronized, in cognitive computers each stage can be
asynchronous where components of logic can run at different speeds completing the action
more quickly.
 Neuroplasticity: Cognitive computing chips are fault-tolerant and do not stop working
if one of the Neurosynaptic cores stops working. The neural net self-adapts and routes
through other cores just like our brain does.
How does cognitive computing work?
Cognitive computing works through a combination of technologies and processes that aim to
simulate human-like intelligence and decision-making.
Collection: The initial step in cognitive computing involves the gathering of extensive datasets
from various sources, encompassing both structured and unstructured data like text, images,
videos, and sensor readings.
Ingestion: Following this, the acquired data undergoes ingestion into the cognitive computing
system, wherein it is systematically organized, categorized, and stored in a format conducive to
effective analysis.
NLP: A pivotal aspect of this process is Natural Language Processing (NLP), a fundamental
component enabling the system to comprehend and interpret human language, encompassing
both written and spoken communication. NLP algorithms are employed to process textual data,
extracting meaning and identifying relationships between words and concepts.
Subsequently, cognitive computing heavily relies on Machine Learning Algorithms to
scrutinize and glean insights from the ingested data. Two primary types of machine learning
are employed in this context:
 Supervised Learning, where the system is trained on labeled data associating inputs
with known outputs.
 Unsupervised Learning, where the system identifies patterns and relationships within
the data without predefined labels.
Analysis: This machine learning capability is instrumental in facilitating pattern recognition
within the cognitive system.
Predictions: Through the analysis of patterns, correlations, and trends within the data, the
system gains a comprehensive understanding of complex relationships, enabling it to make
accurate predictions.
This iterative process underscores the dynamic and evolving nature of cognitive computing,
where continuous learning and adaptation are integral to enhancing system capabilities over
time.
Real-World Use Cases of Cognitive Computing
Cognitive computing has found application in various real-world scenarios, enhancing human
decision-making, automating complex tasks, and improving overall efficiency. Here are some
examples of real-world use cases of cognitive computing
 IBM Watson for Oncology is used for analyzing medical literature, clinical trial data,
and patient records to recommend personalized treatment options for cancer patients.
 Cognitive computing systems analyze vast amounts of financial data in real-time to
detect patterns and anomalies, helping financial institutions identify potential fraudulent
activities.
 Most Companies are utilizing cognitive computing to create intelligent virtual assistants
and chatbots that can understand natural language, answer customer queries, and provide
personalized assistance.
 Cognitive systems assist in automating the recruitment process by analyzing resumes,
screening candidates, and even conducting initial interviews, streamlining the hiring
process.
Benefits of Cognitive Computing
 Enhanced Decision Making: Working with extensive data and recognizing patterns
helps elevating decision-making with a data-driven edge.
 Improved Efficiency: Allows organizations to focus on higher-value tasks, saving time
and resources while enhancing overall productivity as it automates repetitive tasks,
streamlining workflows reducing the burden on human operators.
 Natural Language Understanding: Enables more natural and interactive
communication between humans and machines.
Challenges of Cognitive Computing
 Data Privacy: Cognitive computing relies heavily on data analysis, raising concerns
about the privacy and security of sensitive information.
 Complexity: Implementation of cognition solutions can be complex and may require
significant integration efforts with existing systems.
 Ethical and Bias: Perpetuate biases present in the training data, leading to unfair or
discriminatory outcomes.
AI and Cognitive
The world today is looking at the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in
computers and various devices to solve various complex issues. In present times many devices
use Artificial Neural Networking (ANN) that are used to mimic the logic the brain works on,
to complete some very complicated tasks. Although ANN is very helpful yet it has a certain
limiting point. Such a scenario has given rise to Cognitive artificial intelligence.
Cognitive artificial intelligence (Cognitive AI) refers to systems that mimic human thought
processes and simulate the way humans learn and interact with information.
Cognitive Computing is a subset of artificial intelligence, specifically focuses on replicating
human-like cognitive processes and emphasizes applications where human-machine
collaboration is essential. AI, on the other hand, encompasses a broader set of technologies and
techniques that aim to create intelligent systems capable of performing diverse tasks across
various domains.
Future of Cognitive Computing
The future of cognitive computing holds immense potential for transformative advancements in
various sectors. As technology continues to evolve, cognitive computing is expected to play a
pivotal role in shaping how businesses operate, how healthcare is delivered, and how
individuals interact with digital systems.
The integration of cognitive computing with emerging technologies like 5G, edge computing,
and the Internet of Things (IoT) is likely to enhance real-time decision-making capabilities,
enabling more responsive and intelligent systems.
The evolution of natural language processing (NLP), machine learning algorithms, and
advanced analytics will contribute to more sophisticated cognitive systems that can understand
context, learn from diverse data sources, and adapt to dynamic environments.
As cognitive computing continues to mature, it is anticipated to become an integral part of our
daily lives, providing personalized and context-aware solutions across industries, fostering
innovation, and contributing to the development of a more intelligent and interconnected
world.
Ethical Considerations of Cognitive Computing
Ethical considerations in cognitive computing are paramount as these technologies become
increasingly integrated into our daily lives.The collection and analysis of vast amounts of data,
often including personal information, raise concerns about privacy, consent, and the potential
for unintended consequences.
 Addressing issues of Bias and Fairness is crucial, as cognitive systems can inherit and
perpetuate biases present in training data, leading to discriminatory outcomes.
 Transparency and explainability are ethical imperatives, especially in applications
where decision-making impacts individuals or communities.
Striking a balance between technological innovation and safeguarding human rights, these
ethical considerations underscore the need for ongoing dialogue and collaboration among
technologists, policymakers, and the broader public to ensure that cognitive computing
advances align with societal values and contribute positively to the well-being of individuals
and communities.
Conclusion
As cognitive computing matures, its integration with emerging technologies and ethical
considerations will shape a transformative future, offering personalized solutions across
industries while addressing societal values and concerns.