Renal
1. Glomerular filtration barriers and factors affecting
2. GFR, determinants and regulators
3. Clearance, types and significance
4. Channels along different segments for the reabsorption of sodium and
glucose
5. Tubular reabsorption of sodium, glucose
6. Tmax and splay
7. Regulation of ECF(role of ADH, aldosterone, RAAS, Salt balance)
8. Countercurrent mechanism
9. Micturition reflex and cystometrogram
10.Regulators and applied of micturition
11.Diuretics and mechanism of actions
12.Renal failure and treatment
13.Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
GIT
1. Basic electrical rhythm
2. Salivary secretion
3. Deglutition reflex
4. Gastric secretion and acid formation
5. Composition and Role of mucosal barrier
6. Regulators of acid secretion
7. Gastric motility and regulators
8. Liver functions and significance
9. Pancreatic exocrine secretion(Enzymes and roles)
10.Enterohepatic circulation
11.Bile, composition role
12.Gastric hormones and roles
13.Intestine movement (Segmentation, pendular, haustration etc)
14.Law of intestine
15.Motor Migrating complex
16.Defecation reflex
17.Role of dietary fibres
18.Digestion of protein, fat and carbohydrate
19.Hirschsprung disease
20.Malabsorption
21.Peptic ulcer/Duodenal ulcer
22.Acid peptic disease
23.Cholelithiasis
CVS
1. Cardiac cycle
2. Cardiac output
3. Coronary blood flow characteristics
4. Short term regulation of BP
5. Baroreceptor reflex pathway
6. Bainbridge reflex
7. Intermediate mechanism
8. Cardiac receptors
9. Blood pressure and determinants
10.Heart sounds
11.Eithoven Law
12.Properties of heart
13.Heart blocks
14.Pacemaker potential
15.Stages of shock
16.Treatment of shock
17.Laws of hemodynamics
18.Cardiac failures
19.Cardiorespiratory adjustments to exercise
Respiratory
1. Non respiratory functions of lung
2. Pressures of respiratory system
3. Compliance and types
4. Surfactant composition and roles
5. Dynamic lung volumes
6. Ventilation perfusion ratio in lung
7. Respiratory membrane
8. Transport of oxygen in blood
9. Zones in oxygen dissociation curve
10.Haldane and Bohr
11.Hypoxic hypoxia
12.Accommodation changes
13.Physiological basis of caisson
14.Chemoreceptors
15.Neural centers of respiration
16.Herring breur reflex
17.Abnormalities of breathing
18.Pulmonary function test
19.COPD/Asthma
Endocrinology
1. JAK stat pathway
2. Growth hormone action
3. Parathyroid action
4. Vit D mechanism of action
5. Hyperparathyroidism
6. Oxytocin hormone
7. Aldosterone mechanism of action
8. Functions of cortisol
9. Addison
10.Cushing disease
11.Diabetes insipidus
12.Insulin mechanism of action
13.Diabetes mellitus
14.Glucagon
15.Hypothyroidism
16.Hyperthyroidism
17.Functions of thyroid hormone
18.Adrenal diabetes
19.Synthesis of thyroid hormone
20.Synthesis of adrenal hormone
21.Local hormones
22.Anti diuretic hormone
23.Applied endocrinology.
CNS
1. Brown Sequard
2. Lesions of spinal cord
3. Spinal shock
4. Cerebellum functions and dysfunctions
5. Connections ,circuitry
6. Basal ganglia connection,functions dysfunctions
7. Stretch reflex
8. Types of reflex
9. Properties of reflex
10.Postural reflex
11.Sensory receptors
12.Properties of receptors
13.Laws
14.Synapse
15.Properties
16.Pain pathway
17.Analgesia system of brain
18.Sleep Types
19.Aphasia (speech disorders)
20.Memory types
21.Implicit explicit
22.Associative non associative
23.Shortterm-long term
24.Mechanism of memory
25.Learning reflexes
26.Alzheimer
27.Errors of refraction
28.Presbyopia
29.Theory of accomodation
30.Phototransduction
31.Accommodation reflex pathway
32.Light reflex pathway
33.Visual pathway
34.Glaucoma
35.Color vision theories
36.Color blindness visual adaptation
37.Processing of image
38.Role of middle ear
39.Attenuation reflex
40.Organ of corti
41.Theories of hearing
42.Auditory pathway
43.Deafness
44.Olfactory pathway
45.Gustatory transduction
46.Hypothalamus
47.Temperature regulation
48.Waves of EEG
49.Types of pain
50.Functions of vestibular apparatus
51.Papez circuit
