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Com Network Notes 1

The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing their purpose, types (LAN, MAN, WAN), and topologies (Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh). It outlines the OSI model's seven layers, transmission media, important concepts like IP addresses and DNS, and lists the advantages and disadvantages of networks. Key benefits include easy communication and resource sharing, while challenges involve security risks and management costs.

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16 views2 pages

Com Network Notes 1

The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing their purpose, types (LAN, MAN, WAN), and topologies (Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh). It outlines the OSI model's seven layers, transmission media, important concepts like IP addresses and DNS, and lists the advantages and disadvantages of networks. Key benefits include easy communication and resource sharing, while challenges involve security risks and management costs.

Uploaded by

dipmalagupta369
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Com notes

Networks

1. Introduction
A computer network is a system where two or more computers are connected to

share data, resources, and services. The main purpose is to achieve communication,

resource sharing, and reliability.

2. Types of Networks

●​ LAN (Local Area Network): Small geographical area (e.g., office, lab). High
speed and low cost.
●​ MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or town (e.g., cable TV
networks).
●​ WAN (Wide Area Network): Large area, even worldwide (e.g., Internet).

3. Network Topologies

●​ Bus: All devices share a single backbone. Simple but prone to failure.
●​ Star: All devices connect to a central hub. Easy to manage.
●​ Ring: Devices connected in a circle. Failure in one affects others.
●​ Mesh: Every device connected to every other. Very reliable but costly.

4. OSI Model (7 Layers)

1.​ Physical Layer – transmission of raw bits (cables, signals).


2.​ Data Link Layer – error detection, framing (switches).
3.​ Network Layer – routing and addressing (IP).
4.​ Transport Layer – reliable delivery (TCP, UDP).
5.​ Session Layer – establishes and manages sessions.
6.​ Presentation Layer – data format, encryption, compression.
7.​ Application Layer – user interaction (HTTP, FTP, Email).

5. Transmission Media

●​ Wired: Twisted pair, Coaxial cable, Optical fiber.


●​ Wireless: Radio waves, Microwaves, Satellite.

6. Important Concepts

●​ IP Address: Unique number for each device (IPv4, IPv6).


●​ DNS (Domain Name System): Converts names into IP addresses.
●​ Routing: Process of finding best path for data.
●​ Protocols: Rules for communication (TCP/IP, HTTP, SMTP).

7. Advantages of Networks

●​ Easy communication
●​ Resource & file sharing
●​ Cost reduction
●​ Centralized data management

8. Disadvantages

●​ Security risks
●​ Virus spread
●​ Network management cost

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