Java OOP: Destructor

Unlike C++, Java does not support explicit destructors.

Instead, Java provides automatic garbage collection to manage memory cleanup.

When an object is no longer referenced, the garbage collector frees its memory.

Java provides a method called finalize(), which is called before garbage collection.

Example: class Resource { protected void finalize() { System.out.println("Object is being garbage

collected"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource r = new
Resource(); r = null; System.gc(); } }

However, finalize() is deprecated since Java 9 and should not be used in modern applications.

Best practices: Instead of finalize(), use try-with-resources and implement AutoCloseable for
cleanup.

Example: class FileHandler implements AutoCloseable { public void open() {

System.out.println("File opened"); } public void close() { System.out.println("File closed"); } } public
class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try(FileHandler fh = new FileHandler()) {
fh.open(); } } }

Garbage collection works in different algorithms: mark-and-sweep, generational GC, G1 GC, etc.

We can request garbage collection using System.gc(), but it is not guaranteed.

Memory management is a crucial feature of Java, making it safer compared to C/C++.

Advantages: 1. Automatic memory management 2. Reduces programmer errors 3. Improves

reliability

Disadvantages: 1. Less control over destruction 2. Finalize() is unpredictable 3. Performance

overhead of GC

In high-performance applications, developers use manual resource management (like object

pooling).

Thus, destructors are replaced by garbage collection and AutoCloseable in Java.

Key takeaway: Always release external resources (like files, sockets, DB connections) explicitly.

Unlike C++, Java does not support explicit destructors.

Instead, Java provides automatic garbage collection to manage memory cleanup.

When an object is no longer referenced, the garbage collector frees its memory.

Java provides a method called finalize(), which is called before garbage collection.

Example: class Resource { protected void finalize() { System.out.println("Object is being garbage

collected"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource r = new
Resource(); r = null; System.gc(); } }
However, finalize() is deprecated since Java 9 and should not be used in modern applications.

Best practices: Instead of finalize(), use try-with-resources and implement AutoCloseable for
cleanup.

Example: class FileHandler implements AutoCloseable { public void open() {

System.out.println("File opened"); } public void close() { System.out.println("File closed"); } } public
class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try(FileHandler fh = new FileHandler()) {
fh.open(); } } }

Garbage collection works in different algorithms: mark-and-sweep, generational GC, G1 GC, etc.

We can request garbage collection using System.gc(), but it is not guaranteed.

Memory management is a crucial feature of Java, making it safer compared to C/C++.

Advantages: 1. Automatic memory management 2. Reduces programmer errors 3. Improves

reliability

Disadvantages: 1. Less control over destruction 2. Finalize() is unpredictable 3. Performance

overhead of GC

In high-performance applications, developers use manual resource management (like object

pooling).

Thus, destructors are replaced by garbage collection and AutoCloseable in Java.

Key takeaway: Always release external resources (like files, sockets, DB connections) explicitly.

Unlike C++, Java does not support explicit destructors.

Instead, Java provides automatic garbage collection to manage memory cleanup.

When an object is no longer referenced, the garbage collector frees its memory.

Java provides a method called finalize(), which is called before garbage collection.

Example: class Resource { protected void finalize() { System.out.println("Object is being garbage

collected"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource r = new
Resource(); r = null; System.gc(); } }

However, finalize() is deprecated since Java 9 and should not be used in modern applications.

Best practices: Instead of finalize(), use try-with-resources and implement AutoCloseable for
cleanup.

Example: class FileHandler implements AutoCloseable { public void open() {

System.out.println("File opened"); } public void close() { System.out.println("File closed"); } } public
class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try(FileHandler fh = new FileHandler()) {
fh.open(); } } }

Garbage collection works in different algorithms: mark-and-sweep, generational GC, G1 GC, etc.

We can request garbage collection using System.gc(), but it is not guaranteed.

Memory management is a crucial feature of Java, making it safer compared to C/C++.

Advantages: 1. Automatic memory management 2. Reduces programmer errors 3. Improves
reliability

Disadvantages: 1. Less control over destruction 2. Finalize() is unpredictable 3. Performance

overhead of GC

In high-performance applications, developers use manual resource management (like object

pooling).

Thus, destructors are replaced by garbage collection and AutoCloseable in Java.

Key takeaway: Always release external resources (like files, sockets, DB connections) explicitly.

Unlike C++, Java does not support explicit destructors.

Instead, Java provides automatic garbage collection to manage memory cleanup.

When an object is no longer referenced, the garbage collector frees its memory.

Java provides a method called finalize(), which is called before garbage collection.

Example: class Resource { protected void finalize() { System.out.println("Object is being garbage

collected"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource r = new
Resource(); r = null; System.gc(); } }

However, finalize() is deprecated since Java 9 and should not be used in modern applications.

Best practices: Instead of finalize(), use try-with-resources and implement AutoCloseable for
cleanup.

Example: class FileHandler implements AutoCloseable { public void open() {

System.out.println("File opened"); } public void close() { System.out.println("File closed"); } } public
class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try(FileHandler fh = new FileHandler()) {
fh.open(); } } }

Garbage collection works in different algorithms: mark-and-sweep, generational GC, G1 GC, etc.

We can request garbage collection using System.gc(), but it is not guaranteed.

Memory management is a crucial feature of Java, making it safer compared to C/C++.

Advantages: 1. Automatic memory management 2. Reduces programmer errors 3. Improves

reliability

Disadvantages: 1. Less control over destruction 2. Finalize() is unpredictable 3. Performance

overhead of GC

In high-performance applications, developers use manual resource management (like object

pooling).

Thus, destructors are replaced by garbage collection and AutoCloseable in Java.

Key takeaway: Always release external resources (like files, sockets, DB connections) explicitly.

Unlike C++, Java does not support explicit destructors.

Instead, Java provides automatic garbage collection to manage memory cleanup.

When an object is no longer referenced, the garbage collector frees its memory.

Java provides a method called finalize(), which is called before garbage collection.

Example: class Resource { protected void finalize() { System.out.println("Object is being garbage

collected"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource r = new
Resource(); r = null; System.gc(); } }

However, finalize() is deprecated since Java 9 and should not be used in modern applications.

Best practices: Instead of finalize(), use try-with-resources and implement AutoCloseable for
cleanup.

Example: class FileHandler implements AutoCloseable { public void open() {

System.out.println("File opened"); } public void close() { System.out.println("File closed"); } } public
class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try(FileHandler fh = new FileHandler()) {
fh.open(); } } }

Garbage collection works in different algorithms: mark-and-sweep, generational GC, G1 GC, etc.

We can request garbage collection using System.gc(), but it is not guaranteed.

Memory management is a crucial feature of Java, making it safer compared to C/C++.

Advantages: 1. Automatic memory management 2. Reduces programmer errors 3. Improves

reliability

Disadvantages: 1. Less control over destruction 2. Finalize() is unpredictable 3. Performance

overhead of GC

In high-performance applications, developers use manual resource management (like object

pooling).

Thus, destructors are replaced by garbage collection and AutoCloseable in Java.

Key takeaway: Always release external resources (like files, sockets, DB connections) explicitly.

Unlike C++, Java does not support explicit destructors.

Instead, Java provides automatic garbage collection to manage memory cleanup.

When an object is no longer referenced, the garbage collector frees its memory.

Java provides a method called finalize(), which is called before garbage collection.

Example: class Resource { protected void finalize() { System.out.println("Object is being garbage

collected"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource r = new
Resource(); r = null; System.gc(); } }

However, finalize() is deprecated since Java 9 and should not be used in modern applications.

Best practices: Instead of finalize(), use try-with-resources and implement AutoCloseable for
cleanup.

Example: class FileHandler implements AutoCloseable { public void open() {

System.out.println("File opened"); } public void close() { System.out.println("File closed"); } } public
class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try(FileHandler fh = new FileHandler()) {
fh.open(); } } }

Garbage collection works in different algorithms: mark-and-sweep, generational GC, G1 GC, etc.

We can request garbage collection using System.gc(), but it is not guaranteed.

Memory management is a crucial feature of Java, making it safer compared to C/C++.

Advantages: 1. Automatic memory management 2. Reduces programmer errors 3. Improves

reliability

Disadvantages: 1. Less control over destruction 2. Finalize() is unpredictable 3. Performance

overhead of GC

In high-performance applications, developers use manual resource management (like object

pooling).

Thus, destructors are replaced by garbage collection and AutoCloseable in Java.

Key takeaway: Always release external resources (like files, sockets, DB connections) explicitly.