Chapter -1 Terminologies and Network

I. Fill in the blanks:

1) A personal computer is the most common node in a network.
2) When the network is hard-wired, Ethernet cables are used to
transfer data.
3) File transfer protocol is used to transfer files through www.
4) Transmission Control protocol is used to provide an error-free
data transmission.
5) IP address is represented by Dotted-Octet notation.
6) User Datagram protocol is a connectionless protocol.
7) A firewall is used to prevent unauthorized access to or from a
private network.
8) Hub are used to connect two or more hosts together.
9) Wireless network does not use wires for data or voice
communication.
10) File Transfer protocol is used for transferring and exchanging
files with a host computer.

II. Expand the following:

1) PC – Personal Computer
2) MAC – Media Access Control
3) SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
4) TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Interrnet Protocol
5) FTP – File Transfer Protocol
6) UDP – User Datagram Protocol
7) IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
8) WAN – Wide Area Network
9) ACL – Access Control List
10) BGP – Border Gateway Protocol
11) OSPF – Open Shortest Path First
12) LAN – Local Area Network

III. Write the definition of the following Protocols:

1) HTTP – It is used to download webpages.
2) IP – It is used to transfer data from one computer to another
computer.
3) TCP – It provides error free data transmission.
4) UDP – It is used to send short messages.
5) SMTP – It is used for sending and receiving messages.

IV. Match the following:

1) TCP - Connection oriented protocol
2) UDP - Unreliable protocol
3) Network devices - Networking hardware
4) Wired - Cables
5) Wireless - Radio waves
V. Answer the following:
1) Write a note on Firewall.
A firewall is used to prevent unauthorized access to or from a
private network. Implementation of firewall can either be in
hardware or software form, or a combination of both.
2) What is protocol?
It is a set of mutually accepted and implemented rules at both
ends of the communication channel i.e., between two hardware
devices in a network for proper exchange of information.
3) Define client
A client is a computer that is connected in a network which sends
request for data or information to the server and receives a
response from the server.
4) What is a server?
A server is a computer or any computing device connected in a
network that acts as a centralised resource for data storage and
provides data to other computers in a network.
5) What is the significance of Gateway in networking?
Gateways provide translation between networking technologies
such as Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Because of this,
gateways connect two or more autonomous networks.
6) What is a Cat-5 cable?
This term refers to a special type of wired network cable used to
connect your hardware in a network.
7) What is a workstation?
Any computer that is connected on a network other than the
server is called a workstation.
8) Define datagram.
A datagram is a basic unit of data transmitted over a
network. Datagrams are used in connectionless communication,
meaning each packet is treated independently by the network.
9) Write short note on FTP protocol.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a Client/Server protocol used for
transferring and exchanging files with a host computer. It may be
authenticated with user names and passwords.
10) Define frame.
It is a sequence of bits and symbols that indicates the receiver the
beginning and ending of the received data.
11) Name some of the common networking devices.
• Hub
• Switch
• Router
• LAN
• Bridge
• Gateway
12) What is a Hub?
A hub is the simplest in the family of network connecting devices
because it connects LAN components with identical protocols.
VI. Answer in detail:

1) Write the differences between TCP and UDP.

Transmission Control User Data Gram(UDP)
Protocol(TCP)
It is a connection-oriented It is a connectionless protocol.
protocol.
It is reliable, as it guarantees It is unreliable, as it does not
data delivery to the guarantee data delivery to the
destination. destination
TCP is reasonably slower than UDP is faster and simpler than
UDP TCP
Retransmission of lost packets There is no retransmission of
is possible in TCP lost packets in UDP
TCP doesn't support UDP supports broadcasting.
broadcasting

2) Write a note on Router.

• Routers also acts as an interface between a LAN network
and a WAN network and between WAN networks, as they
both use different framing methods.
• Since they operate at the interface or border of a LAN/WAN
network, they are also called as border router.
• Routers usually communicate routing and other information
using one of the following three standard protocols:
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
3) Write a note on Bridge.
• Bridges are used to connect two or more hosts or network
segments together.
• The basic role of bridges is storing and forwarding frames
between the different segments that the bridge connects.
• They use hardware MAC addresses for transferring frames.
• By looking at the MAC address of the devices connected to
each segment, bridges can forward data or block data from
crossing.
• Bridges can also be used to connect two physical LANs into
a larger logical LAN.
4) Compare wired network with respect to wireless network.
Specification Wired Network Wireless Network
Speed of operation Faster Slower
Cost Less (cables are notMore (wireless
expensive) subscriber stations,
wireless routers,
wireless access
points and adapters
are expensive)
Installation Difficult Easy
Mobility Limited Not limitted
Transmission Copper wire,Optical Radio waves.
Medium fiber wires
Applications Local Area Wireless Local Area
Network(LAN) and Network(WLAN)
Metropolitan( MAN) and Wireless
Personal Area
Network (WPAN)
5) What is a node? Explain with an example how to calculate
the number of nodes in a network
• A node is any physical device within a network that is able to
send, receive or forward information.
• A personal computer (PC) is the most common node in a
network.
• Modems, switches, hubs, bridges, servers and printers are
also called nodes, other devices that connect over Wi-Fi or
Ethernet are also know as nodes.
No. of Computers Network Any other Devices connected in
nodes attached Printers wired / wireless mode
= to the +
network
+
For example,
A network connecting five computers and two printers, along with
three more wireless devices.
Computers = 5 nodes
Printers = 2 nodes
Wireless devices =3 nodes
Total No. of nodes = 10
6) Write a note on Internet Protocol.
• Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which
data is sent from one computer to another on the internet.
• It is an addressing protocol where each computeron the
internet has an IP address that uniquely identifies it from all
other computers on the internet.
 • Data packets are routed through the specific addressing
system so that it reaches its correct destination.
• Internet Protocol uses a 32-bit number to represent IP
address and it defines both the network and host address.
• It is in of a Dotted-Octet Notation. It consists of 4 parts
separated by dots.
• IP Address Syntax (32 bits):-------- .-------- .-------- .--------
(8 bit) (8 bit) (8 bit) (8 bit)
For example:
192.168.1.1