Nanotechnology Perceptions

ISSN 1660-6795
www.nano-ntp.com

Integrating IoT and Machine Learning

for Real-Time Monitoring of Health
and Managing
P Rajeswari1, Smitha Sasi1*, Mary Cherian2, Rashmi S3, Preeti
Khanwalkar1
1
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Dayananda Sagar
College of Enginnering, India
2
Department of Information Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of
Enginnering, India
3
Department of Data Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Enginnering,
India
Email: Smitha.sasi24@gmail.com

One of the most potential industries to benefit from the Internet of Things, or IoT, phenomenon is
healthcare. This study examines the creation and application of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based
health monitoring system intended to continually monitor and assess essential health indicators like
blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugar, and physical activity. The system facilitates preventative
and personalized healthcare by offering real-time data to patients and healthcare professionals
through a linked network of sensors and devices. Through the use of remote monitoring, early
detection of possible health problems, and prompt medical action, this innovative solution seeks to
improve patient outcomes, lower healthcare costs, and increase overall efficiency.

Keywords: Embedded system, IoT, Patient monitoring system, Microcontroller, Cloud.

1. Introduction
The technology has grown as the most important aspects of modern world. This is adjusted to
methods of living, working, playing, and learning for each individual [1]. The internet is a
useful instrument for a number of reasons, including business, finance, and
education,Businesses, leisure, social media, shopping, and so forth. IoT is going to be the next
big internet trend. Imagining A world in which several things are able to communicate, and
share data over public networks or personal net protocols be carried out via IoT. The linked
items gather the data on a regular basis, analyze it, and take the necessary action, offering
complementary intelligent networks for analysis, making decisions and designing [2]. This is
the realm in which the World Wide Web. Most people think about IoT as connecting reject
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the victimization that occurs on the internet and its affiliates control over these items or distant
observation. However, IoT is defined as building an intelligent invisible network that is able
to be recognized, managed, and programmed [3]. Due to a variety of distinct risk factors, such
as dietary imbalance and physical inactivity, the number of people with chronic diseases is
rising in low- and middle-income nations[3]. A WHO research states that smoking causes 4.9
million deaths from cancer, obesity causes 2.6 million deaths, elevated cholesterol causes 4.4
million deaths, and high blood pressure causes more than 7 million deaths [1]. Treatment for
chronic diseases varies greatly, as do their symptoms. Some will take the patient's life if they
are not watched over and treated promptly. For a number of years, specialized health centers
determined the standard measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels. The
advancement of technology has led to a wide range of functional sensors providing essential
indicators, including glucose meters and blood pressure cuffs [4].
A state-of-the-art method that uses the Internet of Things (IoT) to transform healthcare is an
IoT-based health monitoring system[5]. In order to continuously gather and communicate
critical health data from patients to healthcare providers in real-time, this system seamlessly
integrates a variety of smart devices and sensors. It improves medical outcomes, lowers
healthcare expenditures, and facilitates remote monitoring and prompt intervention[6]. IoT-
based health monitoring systems have the potential to significantly improve healthcare
delivery efficiency and safeguard people's wellbeing in this age of digital revolution.
An Internet of Things-based health monitoring system's main goals are to:
Enable Remote Monitoring: Give medical professionals the ability to monitor patients' health
metrics and vital signs from a distance in real time[7]. Early Identification and Action:
Recognize health problems and abnormalities as soon as possible to enable early medical
action and avoid complications. Improve Medical Care: By offering individualized, data-
driven insights for better managing chronic illnesses and treatment, you can raise the standard
of healthcare. Lower Healthcare Costs: By avoiding health problems and deterioration, you
can cut down on emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and overall healthcare costs.
Encourage Patients: Give people simple access to their own health data and insights to
empower them to take a more active role in their own health. Scalability and Accessibility:
Provide a healthcare system that is both accessible and scalable so that it can handle a wide
spectrum of patients, including those who live in underserved or distant locations.

2. Literature Review
The system that was previously used for health observance was the fixed surveillance system,
which could only be observed when the patient was within the medical facility or in hospital.
Both patients and doctors require a great deal of time [8]. The patient must be hospitalized
under the current system in order to receive regular medical care or observe regular holidays.
The patient's health parameters are measured by the systems and sent over completely distinct
platforms, such as Bluetooth protocol, among others. These are employed in information
transfer for short-range communication. The physician is unable to obtain every detail in the
smallest amount of time [9]. The monitoring system, which is only detectable when the patient
is in bed in a hospital, is the system utilized for health monitoring. Large, recently accessible

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systems are exclusively found in hospital intensive care units [10]. These days, patients can
use Zig Bee to send information about them to concerned physicians or their loved ones.

3. Methodology
The ideal system that we aim to construct would help monitor the patient's condition when
they're getting in and out of bed [11]. The system's main objective is to transmit data via a
webpage for continuous online patient monitoring. This kind of equipment would take vital
signs all the time, such as temperature and heart rate, compare them to a certain range, and
immediately alert the doctor if any of the readings went above a predetermined threshold. This
system uses a microcontroller to transmit data [12]. Because of its connection to the Internet
of Things, doctors and caregivers may access data. The patient's medical information is stored
in the cloud. the techniques employed in this suggested system [13].
METHODS
Data Acquisition: The Pulse and SpO2 Meter MAX30100 continuously captures pulse rate
and SpO2 levels through the PPG technique. The Thermal Sensor LM35 monitors the user's
body temperature.
Data Processing: The Arduino processes the real time data from the sensors, performing
necessary calculations and formatting. This collected data is converted into a suitable format
for transmission.
Wireless Transmission: The Wi-Fi module establishes a connection to the Thing Speak cloud
platform. - Processed data is wirelessly transmitted to Thing Speak for real-time storage and
analysis [14].
Cloud Storage and Analysis: Thing Speak receives and stores the transmitted data in channels
specific to each sensor. The cloud platform enables users, caregivers, and medical
professionals to remotely access and monitor the collected health data[15].
Alerts and Notifications: Thing Spear’s built-in analytic tools allow for the creation of custom
alerts, if vital signs deviate from the predefined range, the system triggers alerts via SMS,
email, or other notifications .

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Figure 1 Flow Chart of the proposed system

Major Differences Between product available in Market versus the Developed Prototype:
This IoT-based Health Monitoring System with IoT ECG differentiates itself through
continuous real-time monitoring, immediate alerts for abnormalities, and advanced predictive
analytics. Unlike competitors, it offers seamless integration with mobile apps and cloud
platforms, ensuring user-friendly, secure, and personalized healthcare management.
A comparison of this project, this consider key metrics that differentiate your new prototype
from existing products. We can compare metrics such as:
 Real-time Monitoring
 User-friendliness
 Predictive Analytics
 Integration with Mobile Apps
 Data Security
 Healthcare Cost Reduction
The body temperature, pulse rate, room temperature, and humidity sensors' readings are
calibrated by the microprocessor. These sensor values are then sent to the database server. The
cloud-based data can be accessed by authorized users through the IoT application platform.
These sensor values are then sent to the database server.The cloud-based data can be accessed
by authorized users through the IoT application platform. Even if they are far away, the doctor
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can still prescribe the medications and suggest the best course of action.

4. Results and Discussion

Figure 2 (Old versus New):
Old Interface:

Figure 3:New Interface with App Monitoring (Android and iOS):

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Figure 4: Graphical Representation

The body temperature, pulse rate, room temperature, and humidity sensors' readings are
calibrated by the microprocessor. These sensor values are then sent to the database server. The
cloud-based data can be accessed by authorized users through the IoT application platform.
These sensor values are then sent to the database server.The cloud-based data can be accessed
by authorized users through the IoT application platform. Even if they are far away, the doctor
can still prescribe the medications and suggest the best course of action.

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5. Future Work
AI and Machine Learning: Enhanced use of AI and ML algorithms for data analysis, predictive
analytics, and early disease detection, improving personalized healthcare recommendations.
Edge Computing: Using edge computing to process data locally, lower latency, improve real-
time monitoring, and protect privacy of data.
Wearable Technology: Continued innovation in wearable devices, including smart clothing
and accessories, to provide continuous and unobtrusive health monitoring.
Interoperability: Standardization initiatives to guarantee smooth data flow and integration
between various IoT devices and health systems.
Chronic Disease Management: The development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based solutions
that provide patients with improved health tracking and management capabilities.
The use of surveillance of patients remotely has grown in assisted living and home healthcare
environments in an effort to lower readmission rates to hospitals by keeping an eye on patients'
vital signs and general health.
Data Monetization: The ethical monetization of health data is being investigated with the goal
of helping both individuals and healthcare institutions.

6. Conclusion
These days, the Internet of Things is thought to be one of the feasible solutions for any remote
valuable tracking, particularly in the area of health management. It makes it easier for each
person to achieve their goals. Parameter data remains at the hospital and is safely stored in the
cloud are decreased for standard, regular exams, and the majority of It's critical that disease
can be tracked and health diagnosed remotely by any physician. This paper presents an IoT
based health surveillance system was created. The framework observed the room relative
humidity, heart rate, and body temperature and temperature with the help of sensors that are
likewise shown on an LCD.Then, a medical server receives these sensor values via wireless
exchange of information. After that, these data are obtained in a personal smartphone with IoT
platform authorization.

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