WEEKLY CURRENT AFFAIRS
NEELAM LAW INSTITUTE , PATIALA
MOBILE NO. 94176-58874 , 98557-97981
23rd JUNE , 2025
1) China, Pakistan and Bangladesh held their first trilateral meeting
This is the 2nd trilateral dialogue that China has launched in India’s
neighbourhood, following a similar meeting between the foreign
ministers of China, Pakistan and Afghanistan, recently in
Kunming, China
2) Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited (IFFCO)
• IFFCO to set up its first overseas nano fertiliser plant in Brazil.
• IFFCO had launched world's first 'Nano Liquid Urea' fertiliser in
2021 & then Nano-DAP in 2023.
• Nano fertilizers are nutrients that are encapsulated or coated
within nanomaterial (measuring 100 nanometres or less).
• It enables controlled release and its subsequent slow diffusion
into the soil.
3) Subarnarekha River
• Subarnarekha flash flood creates havoc in Balasore, Odisha.
• Subarna meaning gold and rekha meaning line, i.e. literally means
golden line.
• Origin: Near Piska village, close to Ranchi, Jharkhand.
• Basin Region: Jharkhand, Odisha & West Bengal.
• Mouth: Into the Bay of Bengal
• Principal tributaries: Kanchi, the Karkari and the Kharkai.
4) Gwada negative
A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has
been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type,
dubbed "Gwada negative”.
About Gwada Negative
• It is negative blood group system, officially registered by
International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as ISBT042. It is
defined by the absence of the EMM antigen.
• EMM antigen is normally found on red blood cells and is
considered a high-incidence antigen.
• High-incidence antigens are present in nearly all humans.
• It is now the 48th blood group system in the world.
5) Global Tobacco Epidemic 2025 report
• It is the tenth WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic that
tracks the progress made by countries in tobacco control since
2008.
• To support countries in implementing some of the WHO FCTC
demand reduction provisions on the ground, WHO launched
“MPOWER” in 2008.
• Since 2007, 155 countries have implemented at least one of those
policy prescriptions which has benefitted over 6.1 billion people.
• India became the first country globally to apply tobacco control
regulations specifically to digital streaming content.
24th JUNE , 2025
1) Global Peace Index 2025
The Global Peace Index (GPI) 2025, 19th edition released by the
Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), the index offers insight
into the peacefulness of 163 countries. Key findings:
Country RANK
Iceland 1
Ireland 2
New Zealand 3
Austria 4
Switzerland 5
Singapore 6
Portugal 7
Denmark 8
Slovenia 9
Finland 10
Czechia 11
Japan 12
Malaysia 13
Netherlands 14
Canada 14
China 98
India 115
United States of America 128
Pakistan 144
Ukraine 162
Russia 163
TOP 5 MOST PEACEFUL COUNTRIES
COUNTRY RANK
Iceland 1
Norway 2
Finland 3
Japan 4
Singapore 5
TOP 5 LEAST PEACEFUL COUNTRIES
COUNTRY RANK
Afghanistan 163
Yemen 162
South Sudan 161
DemocraFc Republic of the Congo 160
Sudan 159
TOP 5 LARGEST IMPROVEMENT IN PEACE COUNTRIES
COUNTRY RANK
YEAR - 2024 YEAR - 2025
Azerbaijan 112 95
Saudi Arabia 104 90
Uganda 125 113
Peru 110 96
The Gambia 71 55
TOP 5 LARGEST DETRIOTATION IN PEACE COUNTRIES
COUNTRY RANK
YEAR - 2024 YEAR - 2025
Bangladesh 112 123
Ukraine 104 162
Russia 125 163
DemocraFc Republic of 110 160
the Congo
Myanmar 71 154
2) INS Tamal to Be Commissioned on July 1
• The Indian Navy will commission INS Tamal, a state-of-the-art
stealth multi-role frigate, on July 1, 2025, at Kaliningrad, Russia.
• This marks the last time a warship built outside India will join the
naval fleet, reinforcing the nation’s shift toward indigenisation
under the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative.
3) Nurturing Aspirations through Vocational Training for Young
Adolescent Girls (NAVYA).
• Government of India is set to launch NAVYA (Nurturing
Aspirations through Vocational Training for Young Adolescent
Girls) on 24th June 2025 in Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh.
• The programme is jointly initiated by the Ministry of Women and
Child Development (MWCD) and the Ministry of Skill
Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
• Aims to empower adolescent girls aged 16–18 years with
vocational skills, especially in non-traditional sectors.
4) Global SDG (Sustainable Development Goals ) Rankings
• India has for the first time, entered the top 100 in the global
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index, ranking 99th out of
193 nations in the 2025 edition of the UN Sustainable
Development Report.
• Published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
(SDSN) and led by economist Jeffrey Sachs, this is India’s highest
position yet in the SDG rankings.
KEY FINDINGS:
COUNTRY RANK
Finland 1
Sweden 2
Denmark 3
Germany 4
France 5
United Kingdom 11
Japan 19
Canada 25
United States 44
China 49
Sri Lanka 93
India 99
Pakistan 140
5) Estimates Committee
• The Estimates Committee has completed 75 years since its
formation.
• It is the largest among the three financial committees (others
being Committee on Public Undertakings, and Public
Accounts Committee).
About Estimates Committee
• Establishment: Formed in 1950.
• Composition: 30 members elected from the Lok Sabha Members.
• Ministers are not eligible to be members.
• Chairperson: Appointed by the Speaker from among the
members.
• Term of office: One year.
6) Amended BharatNet Program (ABP)
Gujarat became the first state to implement the ABP under a
state- led model.
About ABP
• Background: BharatNet was launched to provide broadband
connectivity to all Gram Panchayats (GPs) across the country.
• Genesis: ABP was approved in 2023 as a design improvement
• Purpose: Optical Fibre (OF) connectivity to 2.64 lakh GPs in ring
topology (a network design where connected devices form a
circular data channel) of connectivity to the remaining non-GP
villages on demand.
• Features: IP-MPLS (Internet Protocol Multi-Protocol Label
Switching) network with routers at Blocks and GPs.
Minimum 25 Mbps download speed for each FTTH subscriber.
25th JUNE , 2025
1) The AXIOM-4 mission launched to International Space Station
• The mission is organized by Texas-based startup Axiom Space in
partnership with SpaceX.
• It is NASA’s fourth all private astronaut mission to the
International Space Station.
• The crew includes members from the USA, India, Poland, and
Hungary.
• Shubhanshu Shukla will be India’s second national astronaut to
go to space since 1984.
• Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to go to space when he
travelled to space in 1984 onboard the erstwhile Soviet Union’s
Soyuz spacecraft.
About Axiom 4
• The mission is a collaboration involving Axiom Space (private
company), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), and
European Space Agency (ESA).
• The crew members will spend 14 days onboard the ISS
conducting microgravity research, technology demonstrations,
and outreach engagements.
2) Salkhan Fossil Park Added to UNESCO Tentative List for World
Heritage Sites
• It is officially known as Sonbhadra Fossils Park and is located in
the Sonbhadra District of Uttar Pradesh.
• It qualifies as a geo-heritage site under IUCN’s 2020 guidelines for
"Evolution of Life" and matches UNESCO’s 2021 framework on
Earth’s history and life evolution.
• It is located in Kaimur Range (part of the Vindhya range), adjacent
to Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary.
• One of the oldest and most well preserved sites in the world
(fossils dating approx 1.4 billion years).
• The site’s fossil assemblage features Stromatolites which are
created by communities of Cyanobacteria or blue green algae
• These fossilized microbial structures record the Great Oxidation
Event, when oxygen first accumulated in the atmosphere.
3) AI-Powered Advanced Traffic Management System
• Dwarka Expressway has become the first in India to get an AI-
powered Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS).
• It is being implemented by IHMCL (Indian Highways Management
Company Ltd.).
• Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) are a set of
technologies and techniques that are used to improve the
efficiency, safety, and reliability of traffic on roads and highways.
• Key components of ATMS include Traffic Monitoring Cameras,
Video Incident Detection and Enforcement System (VIDES),
Vehicle Actuated Speed Display System (VASD), Communication
Network with Optical Fiber Backbone, ATMS Command and
Control Center.
4) Sri Lanka’s Kataragama Esala Festival 2025
• The spiritually rich and culturally vibrant Kataragama Esala
Festival commenced in Sri Lanka on June 26, 2025, with a flag
hoisting ceremony, marking the beginning of one of the country’s
most revered multi-faith celebrations.
• Drawing thousands of devotees and pilgrims—including those
who undertook the arduous Pada Yatra on foot—this annual
festival is not only a religious observance but also a powerful
symbol of unity among Hindus, Buddhists, and Muslims.
5) India Hosts ICCON 2025
• India is set to host its premier conservation science and policy
event, the Indian Conservation Conference (ICCON) 2025, from
25th to 27th June at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in Dehradun.
• The three- day event, organised under the aegis of the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), will bring
together over 500 participants from India and the Global South.
• The conference will be inaugurated by Union Minister Shri
Bhupender Yadav, and will serve as a dynamic platform for
collaboration among scientists, policymakers, forest officers,
NGOs, and youth, all working toward addressing India’s pressing
biodiversity conservation challenges.
26th JUNE 2025
1) NeGD Launches AI in Governance Training for Government
Officials
• The National e-Governance Division (NeGD) under the Ministry
of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has launched
a 2-day training programme on Artificial Intelligence in
Governance.
• Hosted at the Department of Management Studies (DMS), IIT
Delhi, the initiative aims to equip government officials from
central and state departments with essential AI knowledge and its
practical applications in governance, public service delivery, and
policy implementation.
2) Gujarat Secures Hosting Rights for 2029 WPFG
• India has officially won the bid to host the 2029 World Police & Fire
Games (WPFG), with the event scheduled to be held across
Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, and Ekta Nagar in Gujarat.
• The announcement, confirmed by Gujarat Chief Minister
Bhupendra Patel, marks a significant global sporting victory for
India and underlines Gujarat’s growing prominence as an
international sports destination.
3) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
• India Refuses to Sign Joint Statement At Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers' Meeting
• Because of India’s refusal, the meeting concluded without the
adoption of a joint declaration, as SCO rules require full
consensus for joint declaration.
• India’s Defence Minister reiterated that India has sought to build
consensus on addressing global challenges based on the motto
'One Earth, One Family, One Future,' which is rooted in India’s
civilizational ethos of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.'
• He also highlighted that the SCO accounts for 30% of global GDP
and 40% of the world’s population.
ABOUT Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
• Founded at the Shanghai Summit in 2001 as an intergovernmental
organisation Evolved from the "Shanghai Five" grouping 10
Member Countries
• Original Shanghai Five (2001): China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Russia,Tajikistan
• Later Additions: Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan, Iran, Belarus
4) India celebrates 10 years of the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation
and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
• It was launched on 25 June 2015 and it is the First Water-focused
Mission.
• AMRUT 2.0 was launched on 1 October 2021 for a period of 05
years i.e. 2021-22 to 2025-26.
• It covers all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).
• Nodel Ministry: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
• Key Objectives- (1) Ensure every household has access to a tap
and a sewerage connection.
(2) Increase the amenity value of cities (e.g. parks)
(3) Reduce pollution by promoting public transport, etc.
5) AlphaGenome
• Google DeepMind has launched a new AI model called
AlphaGenome.
• New AI model will help in accurately predicting how individual
mutations in human DNA affect their functions and impact our
health.
• It is built upon Google DeepMind's earlier genomics model,
Enformer, and complements to AlphaMissense, which
specializes in categorizing the effects of variants within protein-
coding regions.
• Model will analyze extremely long DNA sequences — up to 1
million base pairs — and generate highly detailed predictions.
6) Official Language
• Golden jubilee of Department of Official Language has been
celebrated.
• It was established in the year 1975.
• Provisions related to the official language are covered in Part XVII
of the Constitution.
• Article 343 states that official language of the Union shall be Hindi
in Devanagari script.
• Official Language Act, 1963 provides for use of English, in addition
to Hindi, for all official purposes of Union and business
transactions in Parliament.
• Article 344 provides for constitution of Commission and
Committee on Official Language
• Article 345 provides that State Legislature may adopt any one or
more languages used in the State or Hindi as the official language
of that State
27th JUNE 2025
1) The UN80 Initiative
• UN80 Initiative was launched by the United Nations to
commemorate
• the signing of the UN Charter 80 years ago in 1945.
• The UN80 Initiative is aimed at streamlining operations,
sharpening impact, and reaffirming the UN's relevance for a
rapidly changing world.
• Genesis: United Nations is an international organisation founded
in 1945 following the World War II
• Six principal organs:-
o General Assembly
o Security Council,
o Economic and Social Council,
o Trusteeship Council
o International Court of Justice
o UN Secretariat
• Total Members: 193 (India is a founding member)
2) India Rejects Supplemental Award by Court of Arbitration
(CoA) on Indus Water Treaty (IWT)
• The Hague-based CoA's Ruling: Held that India holding the IWT “in
abeyance” does not affect its authority to rule on the disputes
regarding India’s Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects in
Jammu & Kashmir.
• Following the 23 April 2025 terrorist attack in Jammu and
Kashmir, India declared the Indus Waters Treaty "in abeyance"
until Pakistan ends cross-border terrorism
Water Allocation:
• India: Unrestricted use of Eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, Ravi)
• Pakistan: Rights over Western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab)
Background of the Dispute:
• 3-Step Dispute Resolution Mechanism Treaty Signed: On 1960,
between India brokered by the World Bank.
• Dispute: Kishenganga (on Jhelum tributary) and Ratle (on
Chenab) projects are central to the conflict.
3) Adi Karmyogi Programme
• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs launched the Adi Karmyogi
Programme.
• Aim: Building a cadre of highly motivated officers and change
makers dedicated to grassroots transformation.
• Objective: To take capacity-building to about 20 lakh field-level
stakeholders by creating a batch of trainers and master trainers
at the State, district, and block levels.
• It seeks to bring a fundamental shift in the attitude and
motivation of field-level officials, emphasizing citizen-centric
ideation and delivery.
• Target: Reaching 1 lakh tribal villages and habitations.
4) SPREE Scheme
In the 196th Meeting, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation
(ESIC) approved the re-launch of the Scheme to Promote
Registration of Employers/Employees (SPREE).
About SPREE Scheme
• Initial Success (Launched in 2016): It facilitated the registration of
over 88,000 employers and 1.02 crore employees under the
Employees' State Insurance Act.
• Renewed SPREE (2025): A one-time enrollment window will be
open for unregistered employers and left-out workers.
• Focuses on voluntary compliance rather than penalization Other
agendas to improve ESIC
• Approves Amnesty Scheme 2025 (2025 – 2026): Aim to reduce
litigation and promote ease of doing business.
• Revised ESI AYUSH Policy: Approval for Yoga therapists &
Panchakarma attendants in ESIC hospitals.
5) Goldilocks Economy
According to the Finance Ministry Indian Economy’s health is in a
relative Goldilocks situation.
About Goldilocks situation of Economy
• Concept: It describes an ideal state for an economy where it's not
expanding or contracting by too much.
• In this state of the economy, there are certain features attached.
• The unemployment rate in the economy is really low.
• There is steady growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
numbers and companies report better earnings.
• The retail inflation and the interest rates are relatively low.
• The Goldilock scenario is good for investors as companies
perform well and stocks rally.
28th & 29th JUNE 2025
1) India’s First-Ever Artificial Rain
• The Delhi government is all set to conduct its first-ever artificial
rain through cloud seeding to combat air pollution.
• The initiative, led by IIT Kanpur, involves cloud seeding using
modified aircraft.
• Artificial rain, also known as cloud seeding, is a weather
modification technique aimed at enhancing precipitation
(generate artificial rain) from clouds.
• Method: Uses chemicals like silver iodide, potassium iodide, and
dry ice, which are dispersed into the sky via airplanes and
helicopters.
• These chemicals attract water vapour (acting as nuclei), helping
form rain clouds.
• Types: Hygroscopic Cloud Seeding (accelerates the merging of
droplets in liquid clouds) and Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding
(induces ice formation in super cooled clouds).
2) UN Report on India’s Achievements in Child & Maternal Health
Recently,reports titled as ‘Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to
2023’ and ‘Levels & Trends in Child Mortality 2024’ reports
released by UN Inter-agency groups highlighted the global trends
in maternal and childmortality rates.
Key Achievements of India
• Decline in Zero-Dose Children: Zero-dose children are those who
did not receive their first dose of DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-
pertussis) vaccine
• Polio-Free Status: Maintained since 2014 through National
Immunization Days (NIDs).
• Reduction in Maternal & Child Mortality rates
3) National Turmeric Board
• National Turmeric Board Headquarters Inaugurated in
Nizamabad, Telangana which was Notified in October 2023.
• Aim: To provide leadership on turmeric related matters, augment
the efforts, and facilitate greater coordination with Spices Board
and other Government agencies in development and growth of
the turmeric sector.
• Ministry: Ministry of Commerce & Industry
• India is the largest producer, consumer, & exporter of turmeric.
About 30 varieties of Turmeric are grown in over 20 states in the
country.
• Production: 70% of global turmeric production. Telangana,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, & Andhra Pradesh together contribute
63.4% of domestic production.
• Export: More than 62% share of world trade. The leading export
markets for India are Bangladesh, UAE, USA & Malaysia.
• Turmeric in India with GI Tag: Sangli Turmeric & Waigaon
Turmeric (Maharashtra); Erode Manjal/Turmeric (Tamil Nadu);
Lakadong Turmeric (Meghalaya).
4) Exoplanet
• The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered its first new
exoplanet named TWA 7b.
• It was discovered in the debris rings that surround the low-mass
• star CE Antilae, also known as TWA 7.
• It is ten times lighter than any exoplanet previously directly
imaged.
• About Exoplanet : Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars other
than the sun and thus exist outside the solar system.
• Exoplanets that orbit in the habitable zone around their star
where it's not too hot or too cold are targets for the search for life
outside the solar system. Currently, the closest exoplanet to
Earth is Proxima Centauri b, 4 light-years away.
