Module 1: Computer Hardware, Peripherals

& Safety
Module Objective:
Understand the basic components of a computer, learn to safely connect and handle hardware
and peripherals, and gain knowledge of basic startup and safety procedures.

1.1 Introduction to Computer Hardware

✅ What is Computer Hardware?

Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system that you can touch and see.

✅ Basic Parts of a Computer:

 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer; processes instructions.
 Monitor: Displays visual output.
 Keyboard: Input device used to type data.
 Mouse: Pointing device for navigation.
 Motherboard: Main circuit board connecting all parts.
 Power Supply: Provides electrical power to the system.
 Storage Devices: Devices that store data permanently or temporarily.

1.2 Storage Devices and Categories

✅ Common Storage Devices:

 Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Traditional mechanical storage device.

 Solid State Drive (SSD): Faster, electronic storage device.
 Optical Drives: CD/DVD drives.
 Flash Drives: USB portable storage devices.
 Memory Cards: Used in cameras, phones.

✅ Storage Categories:

 Primary Storage: RAM (temporary, fast access).

 Secondary Storage: Hard drives, SSDs, external drives.
 Tertiary Storage: Backup tapes, cloud storage.

1.3 Peripheral Devices

✅ What are Peripherals?

Devices connected to the computer to expand its functionality.

✅ Types of Peripheral Devices:

 Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.

 Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
 Storage Devices: External hard drives, USB flash drives.

✅ How to Connect Peripheral Devices:

 Identify connection ports (USB, HDMI, audio jack).

 Safely plug in peripherals when the computer is off or on (depending on device).
 Install necessary drivers or software if prompted.

1.4 Computer Startup Procedures

✅ Turning On the Computer:

1. Connect all necessary hardware and peripherals.

2. Plug in the power supply.
3. Turn on the monitor.
4. Press the power button on the CPU.
5. Observe the boot process on the monitor.
6. Wait for the operating system to load (e.g., Windows desktop).

✅ Navigating to Desktop Environment:

 After startup, the desktop screen is the main workspace.

 Desktop icons, taskbar, and start menu provide access to programs and files.

1.5 Accessing Basic System Information

✅ How to Check System Information:

 Use built-in system tools (e.g., Control Panel > System, or System Properties).
 Check CPU type, installed RAM, disk space, and operating system version.
 Use “About This PC” or “System Information” utilities.

1.6 How Computers Work (Basic Overview)

 Computers process data through Input → Processing → Output → Storage.
 Input devices send data to the CPU.
  The CPU processes instructions.
 Output devices display or provide results.
 Data can be saved to storage devices.

1.7 Ergonomics and Occupational Health & Safety (OHS)

✅ Personal Safety:

 Maintain good posture to avoid strain.

 Take regular breaks during computer use.
 Adjust chair and monitor height for comfort.

✅ Laboratory Safety:

 Keep workspace clean and organized.

 Avoid food or drink near computers.
 Use equipment properly.

✅ Fire Safety:

 Know location of fire extinguishers.

 Avoid overloading electrical outlets.
 Report any electrical sparks or smells immediately.

✅ Electrical Safety:

 Use surge protectors.

 Do not handle plugs or hardware with wet hands.
 Disconnect power before opening hardware cases.

✅ Equipment Handling Safety:

 Handle hardware carefully to avoid damage.

 Ground yourself before touching internal components to avoid static damage.
 Store cables safely to prevent tripping hazards.

Summary:
 Computers consist of various hardware components working together.
 Peripheral devices expand the computer’s capabilities.
 Safe handling and correct startup procedures prevent damage and accidents.
 Awareness of ergonomics and safety standards protects users and equipment.
 Module 1: Computer Hardware, Peripherals
& Safety
Module Objective:
Gain a comprehensive understanding of the basic computer components, peripheral devices, safe
connection procedures, and essential occupational health and safety (OHS) practices to ensure
personal and equipment safety.

1.1 Introduction to Computer Hardware

✅ Definition of Computer Hardware

Physical components of a computer system that work together to perform computing tasks.

✅ Key Hardware Components:

Component Description Example / Notes

CPU (Processor) Executes instructions and processes data Intel Core i5, AMD Ryzen
Monitor Displays visual output (text, images, videos) LCD, LED, Touchscreen
Keyboard Input device for typing text and commands Wired or wireless types
Pointing device used to interact with the
Mouse Optical, laser, wireless
interface
Main circuit board connecting all
Motherboard Houses CPU, RAM slots, ports
components
Power Supply Unit Converts AC to DC power for the computer
Wattage depends on hardware needs
(PSU) components
RAM (Memory) Temporary data storage for active processes Measured in GB, e.g., 8GB DDR4
Storage Devices Long-term data storage HDD, SSD, external drives

1.2 Storage Devices and Categories

✅ Storage Devices Explained

 Hard Disk Drive (HDD):

Uses spinning magnetic disks to store data. Affordable but slower than SSDs.
 Solid State Drive (SSD):
Uses flash memory with no moving parts, much faster and more durable.
  Optical Drives:
Read/write CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs. Becoming less common.
 Flash Drives:
Portable USB devices for quick data transfer and backup.
 Memory Cards:
Used in cameras, smartphones, and tablets for expandable storage.

✅ Storage Classifications

Type Description Example

Primary Storage Fast, temporary memory holding active data RAM
Secondary Storage Permanent storage for files and programs HDD, SSD
Tertiary Storage Backup and archival storage, often offline External drives, tapes

1.3 Peripheral Devices

✅ What Are Peripheral Devices?

Hardware devices connected to the computer to provide input, output, or storage functions
beyond the core system.

✅ Common Peripheral Devices and Their Roles:

Device Function Connection Type

Keyboard Input text and commands USB, Bluetooth
Mouse Cursor control USB, Bluetooth
Scanner Digitize documents/images USB
Printer Print documents USB, Network (Wi-Fi)
Speakers/Headphones Audio output 3.5mm jack, USB, Bluetooth
External Hard Drive/USB Drive Additional storage USB

✅ Connecting Peripherals Safely:

 Ensure the computer is powered off (recommended for some devices).

 Match the connector type (USB, HDMI, audio jack) to the appropriate port.
 Avoid forcing connectors; they should fit smoothly.
 After connecting, turn on the computer and install drivers if necessary.
 Safely eject removable storage devices before unplugging.

1.4 Computer Startup Procedures

✅ Step-by-Step Computer Startup:
 1. Check all cables and connections: Ensure monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power cable
are connected.
2. Power on the monitor first: Wait for it to display the initial screen.
3. Power on the computer CPU: Press the power button, usually located on the front or
top.
4. Observe the POST (Power-On Self-Test): Computer hardware checks itself; listen for
beep codes signaling errors.
5. Booting the Operating System: The system loads the OS, displaying the login screen or
desktop.
6. Login and access desktop: Enter credentials if needed, then start working.

✅ Navigating the Desktop Environment:

 Start Menu: Access programs, settings, and files.

 Taskbar: Quick access to open applications and system status.
 Desktop Icons: Shortcuts to files, folders, or programs.
 Notification Area: Displays important messages and system updates.

1.5 Accessing Basic System Information

✅ How to View System Information (Windows example):

 Control Panel → System and Security → System:

View CPU type, RAM size, system type (32-bit or 64-bit), and Windows edition.
 Settings → About:
Access detailed specs and device information.
 System Information tool:
Type msinfo32 in the Run dialog to see comprehensive hardware and software details.

1.6 How Computers Work – Basic Overview

✅ Data Flow Inside a Computer:

 Input: Data is entered using input devices like keyboard and mouse.
 Processing: The CPU processes the input using instructions from software.
 Storage: Data and instructions are temporarily stored in RAM or permanently on storage
devices.
 Output: Results are sent to output devices like monitors or printers.

✅ Example Workflow:

 Typing a document → Keyboard sends input → CPU processes and displays text →
Document saved on hard drive.
1.7 Ergonomics and Occupational Health & Safety (OHS)
✅ Personal Safety

 Maintain neutral posture: Back straight, shoulders relaxed.

 Adjust chair height so feet rest flat on the floor or footrest.
 Position monitor at eye level to prevent neck strain.
 Use wrist rests and ergonomic keyboards if possible.
 Take breaks every 30-60 minutes to reduce eye strain and muscle fatigue.

✅ Laboratory Safety

 Keep workstations tidy; avoid clutter.

 Properly secure cables to avoid trips and falls.
 Do not eat or drink near computer equipment.
 Follow lab rules regarding food, noise, and equipment use.

✅ Fire Safety

 Know emergency exits and fire extinguisher locations.

 Avoid overloading power sockets and extension cords.
 Use equipment rated for your voltage and wattage.
 Report damaged cables or electrical smells immediately.

✅ Electrical Safety

 Always unplug equipment before cleaning or repairing.

 Avoid touching electrical components with wet hands.
 Use surge protectors to protect against voltage spikes.
 Ground yourself to avoid static discharge when handling internal parts.

✅ Equipment Handling Safety

 Handle devices gently to avoid damage.

 Avoid static discharge: Touch grounded metal before opening a computer case.
 Store equipment safely to prevent dust, moisture, or physical damage.
 Follow manufacturer instructions for installation and maintenance.

Summary
 Computers are made up of multiple hardware parts that work together.
 Peripheral devices expand capabilities and must be connected carefully.
 Proper startup and shutdown procedures prevent hardware damage.
 Following ergonomics and safety guidelines protects both users and equipment.
PowerPoint Slides: Module 1 – Computer
Hardware, Peripherals & Safety
Slide 1: Module 1: Computer Hardware, Peripherals & Safety

 Basic Computer Components

 Safety & Startup Procedures
 Trainer Name | Date

Slide 2: Module Objective

 Understand basic computer hardware

 Learn to connect peripherals safely
 Apply occupational health & safety (OHS) principles

Slide 3: What is Computer Hardware?

 Physical components of a computer system

 Work together to perform computing tasks

Slide 4: Key Hardware Components

 CPU: Brain of the computer

 Monitor: Displays output
 Keyboard & Mouse: Input devices
 Motherboard: Connects components
 Power Supply: Provides power
 RAM & Storage Devices

Slide 5: Storage Devices & Categories

 HDD, SSD, Optical Drives, Flash Drives

 Primary Storage: RAM (temporary)
 Secondary Storage: HDD, SSD (permanent)
 Tertiary Storage: Backup & archives

Slide 6: Peripheral Devices

 Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner

 Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers
 Storage Devices: External drives, USBs

Slide 7: Connecting Peripheral Devices Safely

  Match connectors and ports (USB, HDMI, audio)
 Avoid forcing connections
 Power off computer if needed before plugging
 Install drivers if required
 Safely eject removable devices before unplugging

Slide 8: Computer Startup Procedures

 Check all cable connections

 Turn on monitor first
 Press CPU power button
 Observe POST process
 Wait for OS to load
 Login and access desktop

Slide 9: Navigating the Desktop Environment

 Start Menu: Access programs and settings

 Taskbar: Open apps and system status
 Desktop Icons: Shortcuts to files and programs
 Notification Area: System messages and updates

Slide 10: Accessing Basic System Information

 Control Panel → System

 Settings → About
 System Information Tool (msinfo32)
 View CPU, RAM, OS version, disk space

Slide 11: How Computers Work (Basic Overview)

 Input → Processing → Storage → Output

 Data flows through CPU and memory
 Results displayed on output devices

Slide 12: Personal Safety (Ergonomics)

 Sit upright with relaxed shoulders

 Feet flat on the floor
 Monitor at eye level
 Use wrist rests
 Take regular breaks

Slide 13: Laboratory Safety

 Keep workspace tidy

  Secure cables
 No food or drinks near equipment
 Follow lab rules and guidelines

Slide 14: Fire Safety

 Know fire extinguisher locations

 Avoid overloaded sockets
 Use proper rated equipment
 Report electrical hazards immediately

Slide 15: Electrical Safety

 Unplug equipment before cleaning/repair

 Avoid wet hands near electronics
 Use surge protectors
 Ground yourself before hardware handling

Slide 16: Equipment Handling Safety

 Handle hardware gently

 Prevent static discharge (touch grounded metal)
 Store equipment properly
 Follow manufacturer instructions

Slide 17: Summary

 Computers consist of interconnected hardware

 Peripherals expand capabilities and require safe handling
 Proper startup & shutdown protect hardware
 OHS practices safeguard users and equipment

Slide 18: Questions & Discussion

 Open floor for Q&A

 Share tips for safe and effective computer use

Module 1 Practical Exercises: Computer

Hardware, Peripherals & Safety
Part 1: Connecting Hardware and Peripherals
Exercise 1: Identify and Connect Computer Hardware
  Identify main hardware components: CPU (tower or case), monitor, keyboard, mouse,
printer, speakers.
 Connect the monitor cable to the CPU and power source.
 Connect keyboard and mouse via USB or PS/2 ports.
 Connect printer and other peripherals (scanner, external drives) correctly.
 Ensure all devices are plugged into power outlets safely.
 Identify and list the following hardware components physically or from pictures:
o Central Processing Unit (CPU) or computer case
o Monitor (screen/display)
o Keyboard
o Mouse
o Printer
o Speakers
o External storage devices (USB flash drive, external hard drive)
 For each, describe its main function (e.g., keyboard is input device to type data).

Exercise 2: Powering On and Starting the Computer

 Turn on the monitor and CPU using their respective power buttons.
 Observe the boot process and log in to the desktop environment.
 Identify basic system startup messages (BIOS screen, Windows loading).
 Connect the monitor cable (VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort) securely to the CPU and
monitor.
 Connect keyboard and mouse via USB or PS/2 ports; ensure they are firmly plugged in.
 Connect printer to the CPU using USB or network cable (if network printer).
 Plug power cables of CPU, monitor, and printer into a surge protector or power outlet.
 Make sure cables are organized and do not create tripping hazards.

Exercise 3: Powering On and Boot Process

 Press the power button on the CPU and monitor.

 Observe the POST (Power-On Self-Test) screen and BIOS messages (may be brief).
 Watch as Windows or the operating system loads to the login screen.
 Log in using your credentials to reach the desktop environment.

Part 2: Ergonomics and Occupational Health & Safety

(OHS)
Exercise 3: Personal Safety Setup

 Adjust chair and desk height for comfortable posture.

 Position monitor at eye level about an arm’s length away.
 Ensure wrists are straight when typing.
  Keep feet flat on the floor or on a footrest.

Exercise 4: Laboratory Safety Awareness

 Identify safe practices in the computer lab: no food or drinks near equipment, clear
walkways, secure cables to avoid tripping.
 Demonstrate proper disposal of waste and paper.

Exercise 5: Fire Safety Procedures

 Locate fire extinguishers and exits in your lab or room.

 Review steps to take in case of electrical or other fires (e.g., stop, drop, and roll; alerting
authorities).

Exercise 6: Electrical Safety

 Ensure all cables are properly insulated and not frayed.

 Avoid overloading power outlets or using damaged extension cords.
 Turn off equipment before plugging/unplugging devices.

Exercise 7: Equipment Handling Safety

 Demonstrate safe lifting and moving of computer equipment.

 Handle peripherals gently to avoid damage.
 Never open the CPU case without authorization or proper training.

Part 3: Identifying and Connecting Peripheral Devices

Exercise 8: Identify Peripheral Devices

 List common peripherals: keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, external storage, webcam,
microphone, speakers.
 Match each peripheral to its port type (USB, HDMI, audio jack, Ethernet).

Exercise 9: Connect Peripheral Devices

 Connect a USB flash drive and access its files.

 Connect headphones or speakers and test audio output.
 Connect a printer and perform a test print.

Part 4: Navigating the Desktop Environment

Exercise 10: Access Desktop and Start Menu
  Log in to the computer and identify desktop icons.
 Open Start Menu and locate common programs (e.g., File Explorer, Control Panel).
 Use taskbar to switch between open programs.

Exercise 11: Access Basic System Information

 Open This PC or My Computer and check available storage space.

 Right-click This PC > Properties to view system specifications (processor, RAM, OS
version).

Part 5: Understanding How Computers Work

Exercise 12: Computer Functions Overview

 Describe in writing the primary functions of a computer: Input, Processing, Storage,

Output, Control.
 Match hardware components to these functions (e.g., keyboard = input, monitor =
output).

Exercise 13: Identify Basic Parts and Hardware Components

 Label parts of a desktop computer from a diagram or physical setup: CPU, RAM
modules, motherboard, power supply, hard drive, etc.
 Identify internal and external components.

Exercise 14: Storage Devices and Categories

 List types of storage devices: HDD, SSD, USB flash drive, optical drives (CD/DVD).
 Explain primary uses of each storage type.

Summary and Assessment:

 Successfully connect and power on hardware and peripherals.
 Demonstrate knowledge of ergonomics and safety in computer usage.
 Identify and connect peripheral devices properly.
 Navigate the desktop and access basic system information.
 Understand fundamental computer parts, storage devices, and functions.

Module 1 Practical Exercises: Computer

Hardware, Peripherals & Safety (Detailed)
Part 2: Ergonomics and Occupational Health & Safety
(OHS)
Exercise 4: Setting Up an Ergonomic Workspace

 Adjust your chair height so feet rest flat on the floor.

 Position monitor so the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level.
 Maintain an arm’s length distance (~20-30 inches) from the monitor.
 Keep wrists straight while typing, using wrist rests if needed.
 Ensure good lighting to reduce eye strain (avoid glare on screen).

Exercise 5: Personal Safety Best Practices

 Avoid eating or drinking near computer equipment to prevent spills.

 Take 5–10 minute breaks every hour to rest eyes and stretch muscles.
 Report any discomfort or symptoms of repetitive strain injury (RSI) promptly.

Exercise 6: Laboratory Safety Rules

 Keep aisles and walkways clear of bags and cables.

 Use chairs and desks that are stable and undamaged.
 Follow instructions when handling electrical equipment or new devices.
 Know the location of emergency exits and first aid kits.

Exercise 7: Fire Safety Awareness

 Identify types of fire extinguishers (e.g., CO2, dry powder) and their uses.
 Learn the RACE procedure:
o Rescue anyone in immediate danger
o Alarm by raising alert
o Contain the fire by closing doors
o Extinguish the fire if safe or evacuate
 Practice safe evacuation routes in case of fire.

Exercise 8: Electrical Safety Precautions

 Never touch electrical outlets or plugs with wet hands.

 Ensure power cords are free of damage and not pinched.
 Turn off devices before unplugging them.
 Avoid daisy-chaining multiple power strips or overloading sockets.

Exercise 9: Safe Equipment Handling

 Use both hands when moving heavy equipment like CPU towers.
  Avoid lifting beyond your capability; ask for assistance if needed.
 Keep liquids and food away from electronic equipment.
 Never open the casing of a computer without proper knowledge and power off.

Part 3: Identifying and Connecting Peripheral Devices

Exercise 10: Peripheral Devices Identification

 Identify input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, webcam, microphone.

 Identify output devices: monitor, printer, speakers, headphones.
 Identify storage peripherals: external hard drives, USB flash drives, optical drives.
 Match each device with its common connection type (USB, HDMI, audio jack).

Exercise 11: Connecting Peripheral Devices and Testing

 Insert a USB flash drive and open File Explorer to verify recognition.
 Connect headphones to audio jack and test sound playback via a media file.
 Connect a printer and print a test page through Devices and Printers or Control Panel.
 Safely eject external drives before unplugging.

Part 4: Navigating the Desktop Environment

Exercise 12: Desktop and Start Menu Navigation

 Identify icons on the desktop and understand their functions (e.g., recycle bin, shortcuts).
 Open the Start Menu and locate commonly used applications (Calculator, Notepad,
Settings).
 Pin an application to the taskbar and launch it from there.
 Use the taskbar to switch between open applications.

Exercise 13: Access Basic System Information

 Right-click This PC (or My Computer) and select Properties.

 Read system information: processor type, installed RAM, Windows edition.
 Use System Information app to view detailed hardware and software info.

Part 5: How Computers Work and Basic Parts

Exercise 14: Computer Functional Overview

 Write short notes on how computers process data using:

o Input devices to enter data
o Processor to execute instructions
o Memory (RAM) to store temporary data
 o Storage devices for long-term data
o Output devices to display results
 Identify how software controls hardware functions.

Exercise 15: Labeling Computer Components

 Use diagrams or actual hardware to label components:

o CPU tower, motherboard, RAM sticks, hard drive, power supply, optical drive.
 Distinguish between internal components (inside CPU) and external peripherals.

Exercise 16: Storage Devices and Categories

 Identify and explain different storage types:

o Primary storage: RAM, Cache
o Secondary storage: Hard Disk Drives (HDD), Solid State Drives (SSD), Optical
drives
o Portable storage: USB flash drives, external HDDs
 Discuss pros and cons of each (speed, capacity, volatility).

Part 6: Computer Functions Summary

Exercise 17: Computer Functions Matching

 Match the following components to their functions:

Component Function
Keyboard Input
Monitor Output
CPU Processing
RAM Temporary Storage
Hard Drive Permanent Storage
Power Supply Power Conversion & Supply

Summary and Assessment:

 Connect all hardware and peripherals safely and correctly.
 Demonstrate knowledge of ergonomics and lab safety best practices.
 Identify and use peripheral devices effectively.
 Navigate the desktop and access system information confidently.
 Explain how basic computer components work together.
 Distinguish between different storage devices and their purposes.