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Ques: Which NBFC had the RBI withdrawn the Corrective Action Plan (CAP) from in
2024?
2024 में RBI ने किस गैर-बैंकिंग वित्तीय कं पनी (NBFC) पर से सुधारात्मक कार्रवाई योजना (CAP) हटाई?

A. Bajaj Finance / बजाज फाइनेंस

B. Muthoot Finance / मुत्थूट फाइनेंस
C. Religare Finvest Limited / रेलिगेयर फिनवेस्ट लिमिटेड
D. L&T Finance / एलएंडटी फाइनेंस
E. Shriram Finance / श्रीराम फाइनेंस

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) officially withdrew the Corrective Action Plan (CAP)
imposed on Religare Finvest Limited (RFL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Religare
Enterprises Limited (REL).
• CAP was imposed on January 18, 2018, due to irregularities found in the inspection
dated March 31, 2017.
• RFL had accumulated losses of Rs.2,270 crores till March 2022, primarily due to
large-scale fund misappropriation.
• The company made significant progress by completing a one-time settlement with
16 lenders in March 2023, repaying over Rs.9,000 crores to the banking system.

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Recent News Headlines Related to RBI

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cancelled the license of The Karwar Urban
Cooperative Bank Ltd., Karwar, effective from July 23, 2025
• RBI has set the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) at 67.0 for March 2025, which is
an improvement from 64.2 in March 2024
• RBI Permits Currant Sea Investments B.V to Acquire 9.99% Stake in Infrastructure
Development Finance Company (IDFC) First Bank at a Cost of Rs.4876 crores
• RBI included NSDL Payments Bank Limited in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act,
1934 through a notification dated June 19, 2025
• EximPe has received in-principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to
operate as a Payment Aggregator for Cross-Border (PA-CB) transactions
• RBI has amended the Basel III Capital Regulations to expand credit rating options
for Scheduled Commercial Banks (excluding Local Area Banks, Payments Banks, and
Regional Rural Banks)
• RBI has issued draft guidelines for the closure of shipping bills in the Export Data
Processing and Monitoring System (EDPMS)
• According to RBI guidelines, a Jan Dhan account is marked as “inoperative” if no
customer-initiated transaction occurs for 24 consecutive months
• TZF Logistics Solutions, a subsidiary of logistics-tech firm BlackBuck, has received
the Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) licence from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• RBI has disclosed that Rs.2000 denomination banknotes valued at Rs.6,099 crore
are still in circulation, despite being withdrawn from active use on May 19, 2023.
• RBI has barred banks, NBFC-ULs, and certain other lenders from levying foreclosure
or prepayment charges on floating rate loans extended to Micro and Small
Enterprises (MSEs) and on floating rate personal loans.
• RBI has granted in-principle approval to Saraswat Co-operative Bank (SCB) for the
acquisition of the New India Co-operative Bank (NICB) under the voluntary
amalgamation scheme for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs)
• As per the RBI’s June 2025 Financial Stability Report, the Gross Non-Performing
Assets (GNPA) ratio of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) is projected to rise
marginally from 2.3% in March 2025 to 2.5% by March 2027 under the baseline
scenario

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Ques: How much capital is IndusInd Bank planning to raise in total?
IndusInd बैंक कु ल कितनी पूंजी जुटाने की योजना बना रहा है?

A. Rs.10,000 crore
B. Rs.26,000 crore
C. Rs.20,000 crore
D. Rs.30,000 crore
E. Rs.15,000 crore

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

• IndusInd Bank has announced a total fundraising plan of Rs.30,000 crore.

• This includes Rs.20,000 crore through debt (domestic or foreign) and Rs.10,000
crore via equity instruments such as ADRs, GDRs, or QIP.
• The move also supports the plan to increase promoter stake to 26% (from 15.08%)
with RBI’s in-principle approval.
• Governance reforms include appointing two new board members from the Hinduja
Group (promoter group).
• This step comes after regulatory concerns raised by RBI and SEBI regarding
unreported forex losses and insider trading allegations.

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Ques: How much fund is Sagarmala Finance Corp planning to raise in its first
tranche?
सागरमाला फाइनेंस कॉर्प पहले चरण में कितनी राशि जुटाने की योजना बना रहा है?

A. Rs.2,000 crore
B. Rs.5,000 crore
C. Rs.4,000 crore
D. Rs.6,000 crore
E. Rs.3,500 crore

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• Sagarmala Finance Corp Ltd (SFCL), India’s first maritime NBFC, is planning to raise
Rs.4,000 crore in its first tranche within the next six months.
• The funds will be raised through various channels such as bank loans, bonds, and
non-convertible debentures (NCDs).
• SFCL is a subsidiary of India Ports Global Ltd (IPGL) and has already invested ₹540
crore in port and railway infrastructure.

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Ques: Why did the RBI recently conduct a Rs.50,000 crore variable rate repo (VRR)
auction?
हाल ही में RBI ने Rs.50,000 करोड़ का वेरिएबल रेट रेपो (VRR) नीलामी क्यों आयोजित की?

A. To control inflation / मुद्रास्फीति को नियंत्रित करने के लिए

B. To support rupee exchange rate / रुपया विनिमय दर का समर्थन करने के लिए
C. Due to GST-related outflows straining liquidity / GST से संबंधित निकासी के कारण तरलता में
तनाव
D. To regulate foreign investments / विदेशी निवेश को नियंत्रित करने के लिए
E. Due to rising interest rates / ब्याज दरों में वृद्धि के कारण

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• Liquidity in the banking system came under strain due to GST-related outflows.
• To address this, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) conducted a two-day Variable Rate
Repo (VRR) auction worth Rs.50,000 crore.
• Banks submitted bids worth Rs.71,902 crore, but the RBI accepted Rs.50,001 crore
at a weighted average rate of 5.58% to infuse liquidity into the system.

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Ques: How much penalty has IRDAI imposed on Star Health for violating cyber
security norms?
साइबर सुरक्षा मानदंडों के उल्लंघन के लिए IRDAI ने Star Health पर कितना जुर्माना लगाया है?

A. Rs.5 crore
B. Rs.2.5 crore
C. Rs.4 crore
D. Rs.3.39 crore
E. Rs.6 crore

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

• The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has imposed
a penalty of Rs.3.39 crore on Star Health and Allied Insurance.
• The penalty is related to the violation of Information & Cyber Security Guidelines
issued by IRDAI.
• Along with the monetary fine, IRDAI has also issued a formal warning to the insurer.
• This action highlights IRDAI's focus on ensuring strict compliance with
cybersecurity protocols in the insurance sector.

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Recent Penalties imposed on Banks :

• Shriram Finance Limited violated provisions of the RBI (Digital Lending) Directions,
2025. This led to a Rs.2.70 lakh penalty under the RBI Act, 1934
• RBI fined HDFC Bank Ltd. Rs.4.88 lakh for breaking rules when issuing a term loan to
a customer
• SEBI imposed a Rs.25 lakh fine on BSE Ltd for regulatory violations between
February 2021 and September 2022
• The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) imposed a
fine of Rs.1 crore on Edelweiss Life Insurance for violating corporate governance
norms
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a Rs.29.60 lakh penalty on Fino Payments
Bank
• SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) imposed a fine of Rs.25 lakh on MCX,
India’s largest commodity exchange
• RBI imposed a penalty of Rs.63.6 lakh on Union Bank of India for violating
provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and failing to comply with guidelines
related to credit flow to agriculture, particularly in providing collateral-free
agricultural loans
• The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) imposed a
Rs.1 crore penalty on Acko General Insurance
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a Rs.50 lakh penalty on Deutsche Bank AG,
India on May 13, 2025
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a penalty of Rs.29.60 lakh on Yes Bank
Limited on May 16, 2025
• In May 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) penalised State Bank of India (SBI) and
Jana Small Finance Bank for non-compliance with regulatory norms. SBI was fined
Rs.1.72 crore for failing to comply with certain RBI directions
• Jana Small Finance Bank was fined Rs.1 crore for contravening provisions of the
Banking Regulation Act, 1949
• RBI imposed a monetary penalty of Rs.31.80 lakh on IDBI Bank Limited on April 30,
2025, for non-compliance with regulatory directions
• RBI imposed a monetary penalty of Rs.61.40 lakh on Bank of Baroda on April 29,
2025, for non-compliance with directions related to financial services, customer
service, and deposit interest rates
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Ques: Which Indian bank has launched the country's first biometric authentication
solution for e-commerce card transactions?
किस भारतीय बैंक ने ई-कॉमर्स कार्ड लेनदेन के लिए देश का पहला बायोमेट्रिक प्रमाणीकरण समाधान लॉन्च
किया है?

A. HDFC Bank / एचडीएफसी बैंक

B. ICICI Bank / आईसीआईसीआई बैंक
C. State Bank of India / भारतीय स्टेट बैंक
D. Axis Bank / एक्सिस बैंक
E. Federal Bank / फे डरल बैंक

Answer: Option E

Explanation:

• Federal Bank Limited has launched India’s first-ever biometric authentication

solution for e-commerce transactions using credit and debit cards.
• This new system replaces the traditional OTP verification, reducing the transaction
time from 30–60 seconds to just 3–4 seconds.
• The initiative enhances both security and user experience for online shoppers.
• It was developed in collaboration with fintech partners M2P and MinkasuPay.

About Federal Bank :

• Established : 1931
• HQ : Kochi, Kerala
• MD & CEO : KVS Manian
• Tagline : Your Perfect Banking Partner

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Recent Facilities Launched in Banking & Insurance Sector :

• PayPal has launched a new cross-border payments platform named ‘PayPal World’
in partnership with NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) and other global
payment service providers
• Equitas Small Finance Bank (ESFB) launched two specialized financial products
Foreign Currency Non-Resident (FCNR)(B) Deposit Account and Equitas Explorer
Savings Account
• ‘PhonePe SBI Card PURPLE’ and ‘PhonePe SBI Card SELECT BLACK’ Launched by
PhonePe & SBI Cards and Payment Services Limited
• Fino Payments Bank has launched a new zero-balance savings account product
called “GATI”, aimed at rural and semi-urban customers who are transitioning from
phygital (physical + digital) modes to fully digital banking, especially through UPI
platforms
• In an effort to transform digital financial services in India, Laraware Private
Limited's Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Anvesh Tiwari, led the introduction of
"Nxtbanking," the country's first fintech software platform powered entirely by
artificial intelligence (AI)
• Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company (Chola), a part of the Murugappa
Group, has launched Chola Chess, a CSR initiative aimed at discovering and nurturing
chess talent across India
• NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) launched
RuralTech CoLab, a unified portal to boost rural tech start-ups
• Asia Index Private Limited has launched the ‘BSE Insurance Index’ to track the
performance of listed insurance sector companies
• Computer Age Management Services (CAMS) has launched the ‘CAMSPay Payment
Gateway’, a next-generation digital payment platform for Indian businesses
• ‘IndiGo Kotak Credit Card’ and the ‘IndiGo Kotak Premium Credit Card’ Launched by
Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited(KMBL) and IndiGo Airlines
• Kshema Kisan Sathi is a dual-benefit insurance product launched through a
bancassurance partnership between Karur Vysya Bank (KVB) and Kshema General
Insurance
• The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) launched two new plans in 2025: Nav
Jeevan Shree (Plan 912) and Nav Jeevan Shree Single Premium (Plan 911)

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Ques: In which state did DRDO successfully test the ULPGM-V3 missile from a UAV?
DRDO ने किस राज्य में UAV से ULPGM-V3 मिसाइल का सफल परीक्षण किया?

A. Telangana / तेलंगाना
B. Andhra Pradesh / आंध्र प्रदेश
C. Odisha / ओडिशा
D. Tamil Nadu / तमिलनाडु
E. Karnataka / कर्नाटक

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

• DRDO successfully conducted the flight trial of the UAV Launched Precision Guided
Missile (ULPGM)-V3 at the Palakolanu National Open Air Range (NOAR) in Kurnool,
Andhra Pradesh.
• The range was established by the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL).
• This test marks a significant advancement in India’s indigenous defence technology.
• Defence Minister Rajnath Singh commended DRDO, startups, and industry partners
for their contribution to this achievement.

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Recent News Headlines Related to DRDO

• India’s first Make-in-India cost-effective advanced Carbon Fibre Foot Prosthesis

was indigenously designed and developed by DRDO’s Defence Research &
Development Laboratory (DRDL) in collaboration with AIIMS Bibinagar, Telangana
• Defence Research and Development Organization has developed India’s first
indigenous Photonic Radar, marking a significant milestone in India’s air defence
technology, with ultra-high resolution, stealth detection, and immunity to electronic
jamming
• India is developing the Extended Trajectory-Long Duration Hypersonic Cruise
Missile (ETLDHCM) under DRDO’s Project Vishnu, marking a significant leap in
defence technology
• DRDO is developing three variants of the Kusha air defence system – M1, M2, and
M3. Among them, Kusha M3 will have the longest range, capable of intercepting
threats at more than 400 km
• DRDO has inaugurated the Quantum Technology Research Centre (QTRC)
spearheaded by the Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL) and is aligned with India’s
National Quantum Mission.
• The Defence Materials Stores and Research & Development Establishment
(DMSRDE), Kanpur, a laboratory under DRDO, has successfully developed a
nanoporous multilayered polymeric membrane designed for high-pressure seawater
desalination
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the DRDO Missile Test
Range at Nagayalanka, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, with an investment of
around Rs 1,460 crore
• The Multi-Influence Ground Mine (MIGM) is an advanced underwater naval mine
developed by DRDO, led by the Naval Science & Technological Laboratory,
Visakhapatnam
• DRDO successfully conducted maiden flight trials of the Stratospheric Airship
Platform at the Sheopur trial site in Madhya Pradesh
• DRDO successfully conducted release trials of the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB)
‘Gaurav’ from a Su-30 MKI aircraft
• The DRDO successfully test-fired the Vertically Launched Short-Range Surface-to-
Air Missile (VLSRSAM) for the Indian Navy

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Ques: What has the Parliamentary Estimates Committee recommended for organic
crops?
संसद की प्राक्कलन समिति ने जैविक फसलों के लिए क्या सिफारिश की है?

A. Removal of all MSPs / सभी MSP समाप्त करने की सिफारिश

B. Same MSP as regular crops / सामान्य फसलों के समान MSP
C. No MSP needed / MSP की आवश्यकता नहीं है
D. Separate MSP for organic crops / जैविक फसलों के लिए अलग MSP
E. MSP only for export crops / के वल निर्यात फसलों के लिए MSP

Answer: Option D

Explanation :

• The Parliamentary Estimates Committee has recommended a separate Minimum

Support Price (MSP) for organic crops to promote their economic viability and wider
adoption.
• It also emphasized the need to formalize the current 20–30% premium on organic
produce under the MSP system.
• The report identified key challenges such as high input cost, lack of bio-fertilizers,
and weak supply chains, and suggested the use of AI-based tools for real-time
monitoring.
• The committee appreciated initiatives like NICRA and suggested resuming ranking
of Krishi Vigyan Kendras based on performance.

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Ques: As per the report, by how much is India’s chemical exports to the UK expected
to grow by 2025–26?
रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 2025–26 तक भारत का रासायनिक निर्यात ब्रिटेन को कितने प्रतिशत बढ़ने की उम्मीद है?

A. 30–40%
B. 20–25%
C. 70–80%
D. 50–60%
E. 10–15%

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

• The India–UK trade deal allows duty-free access to a $23 billion UK market,
benefiting MSMEs across labour-intensive sectors.
• This includes leather, footwear, textiles, gems & jewellery, furniture, and sports
goods.
• The pact is expected to boost India’s chemical exports to the UK by 30–40%,
reaching a value of $650–750 million by FY 2025–26.
• Tariffs on key items like marine products (previously 20%), textiles (12%), and base
metals (10%) have been reduced to 0%, boosting India’s export competitiveness.
• Additionally, 1,800 Indian chefs, yoga instructors, and musicians will be allowed
temporary work access to the UK every year.

Other projections include:

– Leather & footwear exports to UK crossing $900 million.

– Marine exports potentially reaching $5.4 billion.
– Textile exports (currently $1.79 billion) are likely to double in 2 years.
– India gaining 5% additional market share in UK within 1–2 years.

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Recent News Headlines Related to MoU and agreement :

• The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed a Rs.2,000 crore contract with Bharat
Electronics Limited (BEL) for the supply of Air Defence Fire Control Radars.
• India and the United Kingdom signed a Comprehensive Economic and Trade
Agreement (CETA) at Chequers Estate, UK.
• Maruti Suzuki India Limited & Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT) to drive and support technology-driven solutions in automobile
manufacturing and mobility space
• NIEPID (National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual
Disabilities) and Jai Vakeel Foundation have signed an MoU to scale the Disha
Abhiyan education model nationally
• Uttar Pradesh Relief Commissioner’s Office and the UNDP signed a MOA to
implement Disaster Risk Reduction programmes, with an aim to enhance institutional
capacity of UP and create a multi tiered disaster management system. The
Government of UP has allocated a budget of Rs.19.99 crores for 3 years
• NESTS (National Education Society for Tribal Students), under the Ministry of Tribal
Affairs, signed an MoU with Avanti Fellows
• UAE-India Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) Council (UICC)
& Atal Incubation Centre, Institute of Management, Banaras Hindu University (AIC-
MFIE-IM-BHU) signed MOU to enhance startup and innovation cooperation between
India and the UAE, especially in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities of India
• India and Kuwait signed a revised MOU to expand their bilateral flying rights
increasing the weekly seat quota by 50%, from 12,000 to 18,000 seats for each side
• Jio Financial Services Limited (JFSL) & Allianz Europe B.V. Entered into a binding
agreement to form a 50:50 domestic reinsurance Joint Venture (JV) to serve the
dynamic and highgrowth insurance sector in India
• United Arab Emirates-India Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
(CEPA) Council in partnership with the Embassy of the UAE in India, hosted an
exclusive “Start-up Sundowner” event in Mumbai
• Handball Association of India (HAI) & Prasar Bharati signed MOU to provide wider
broadcast coverage of handball events and foster greater public interest and player
participation

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Ques: Under the India-UK CETA agreement, what percentage of India’s agricultural
and processed food products will be allowed zero-duty access to the UK market?
भारत-UK CETA समझौते के तहत, भारत के कितने प्रतिशत कृ षि और प्रसंस्कृ त खाद्य उत्पादों को UK बाजार
में शून्य शुल्क की अनुमति दी जाएगी?

A. 75%
B. 85%
C. 90%
D. 95%
E. 100%

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

• The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) grants 95% of
Indian agricultural and processed food products duty-free access to the $37.5 billion
UK market.
• This is expected to significantly benefit Indian farmers and exporters by boosting
exports and income.
• Products benefiting include turmeric, pepper, cardamom, mango pulp, pickles,
pulses, shrimp, tuna, and fishmeal.
• Earlier duties on some items ranged from 4.2% to 8.5%, now reduced to zero.
• Excluded from the agreement are sensitive sectors like dairy, edible oils, and
apples.

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Ques: What is the estimated value of India’s pharma exports to the UK in FY24?
FY24 में ब्रिटेन को भारत के फार्मा निर्यात का अनुमानित मूल्य क्या है?

A. $500 million
B. $750 million
C. $1.1 billion
D. $914 million
E. $1.5 billion

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

• In FY24, India’s pharmaceutical exports to the UK amounted to $914 million,

showcasing robust trade in the pharma sector.
• The UK levies no tariff on Indian pharmaceutical products.
• The new India–UK pact aims to reduce registration timelines for Indian pharma and
medtech exporters — possibly from 1.5–2 years to less than a year.
• A similar India–UAE trade pact had earlier reduced the registration window to 90
days, setting a precedent.
• The agreement also promises to boost bulk drug imports, CDMO (Contract
Development and Manufacturing Organization) collaborations, joint research, and
increase foreign direct investment (FDI) in the sector.

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Ques: Araku Valley Coffee received duty-free access under Free Trade Agreement
with which country?
Araku Valley Coffee को किस देश के साथ हुए फ्री ट्रेड एग्रीमेंट के तहत ड्यूटी-फ्री टैग मिला है?

A. USA / अमेरिका
B. Australia / ऑस्ट्रेलिया
C. United Kingdom / यूनाइटेड किंगडम
D. Germany / जर्मनी
E. Japan / जापान

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• Under the India–UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA), Araku Valley Coffee has received
duty-free access to the United Kingdom market.
• The initiative is supported by Girijan Cooperative Corporation (GCC), Andhra
Pradesh’s tribal welfare agency.
• Coffee cultivation started 65 years ago and gained momentum from 1985 onwards
through state promotion.
• Between 2015–2025, GCC invested over Rs.100 crore, bringing 25,000 families
under cultivation programs.
• In 2024–25, GCC offered record procurement prices of Rs.450/kg (Arabica
parchment) and Rs.330/kg (Arabica cherry).
• 6,000 acres have been certified as organic plantations, and the coffee received a GI
tag in 2019.

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Ques: According to Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, what are the 3 A’s needed to
meet the aspirations of Indian youth?
कें द्रीय मंत्री डॉ. जितेंद्र सिंह के अनुसार, भारतीय युवाओं की आकांक्षाओं को पूरा करने के लिए कौन से 3 “A”
आवश्यक हैं?

A. Ability, Aim, Action / क्षमता, लक्ष्य, क्रिया

B. Awareness, Aptitude, Avenue / जागरूकता, योग्यता, अवसर
C. Awareness, Ambition, Achievement / जागरूकता, महत्त्वाकांक्षा, उपलब्धि
D. Aspire, Apply, Achieve / आकांक्षा, आवेदन, उपलब्धि
E. None of the above / उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

• Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh highlighted the “3 A” formula – Awareness,

Aptitude, and Avenue – during the CSIR Jigyasa Programme’s “One Day as a
Scientist” (ODAS) celebration at the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory.
• He emphasized that India’s youth must be supported through these three pillars to
fulfill their scientific and career aspirations.
• The Minister also recommended enhancements such as parental participation in
ODAS, scientist visits to rural schools, and private sector mentorship to further build
scientific curiosity and opportunities among students.

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News Headlines Related to Ministry :

• The Ministry of Culture, organized a high-level Museum Roundtable on Latest

Advancements in the Museum Sector at the National Museum, New Delhi
• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced that 6 crore individuals have
been screened under the National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission
• The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, in collaboration with the Government of Madhya
Pradesh and Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, signed an
MoU to establish a Centre of Excellence on Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled
Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA)
• The Ministry of Culture, organized a high-level Museum Roundtable on Latest
Advancements in the Museum Sector at the National Museum, New Delhi
• The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) celebrated 10
years of the Skill India Mission by organizing a conference cum exhibition titled
‘Bharat SkillNxt 2025’ at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi
• Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri (Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas)
announced that India achieved 20% ethanol blending in petrol in 2025, well ahead of
the original 2030 target
• The Ministry of Heavy Industries has launched the Automotive Mission Plan 2047, a
forward-looking strategy to transform India into a global automotive leader by the
year 2047
• The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has constituted a
National Steering Committee under the chairmanship of Rajit Punhani, Secretary of
MSDE
• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) organized the Delhi Chapter of 'Adi Shapath', a
half-day interactive session focused on the upliftment and wellbeing of tribal
communities
• Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy, Shri Pralhad Joshi, inaugurated the
435 MW Gorbea Solar Power Project in Rajasthan, developed by Zelestra India
• Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh launched National Standards for Civil Service
Training Institutes (NSCSTI) 2.0, a major reform under Mission Karmayogi, aiming to
enhance the training quality of civil service institutions across India
• Union Minister of State B.L. Verma (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment)
launched the helpline number 14473 for waste pickers

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Ques: What is the primary objective of the Palna Scheme under Mission Shakti’s
Samarthya vertical?
मिशन शक्ति के समर्थ्य वर्टिकल के तहत पलना योजना का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

A. Providing nutrition supplements to pregnant women / गर्भवती महिलाओं को पोषण अनुपूरक

प्रदान करना
B. Offering employment to rural women / ग्रामीण महिलाओं को रोजगार प्रदान करना
C. Bridging the childcare gap by offering crèche facilities / डे-के यर सुविधाएं प्रदान करके बाल
देखभाल की कमी को दूर करना
D. Supporting women entrepreneurs / महिला उद्यमियों का समर्थन करना
E. Providing free education to girl children / बालिकाओं को मुफ्त शिक्षा प्रदान करना

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• The Palna Scheme, launched on April 1, 2022, under the Samarthya vertical of
Mission Shakti, aims to bridge the childcare gap.
• It provides day-care and crèche facilities for children aged 6 months to 6 years
across all States and Union Territories.
• Under the 15th Finance Commission cycle (till FY 2025–26), a total of 17,000
Anganwadi-cum-Crèches (AWCCs) were planned, out of which 14,599 have already
been approved.

About Palna Scheme :

• Launched : 2022
• Previous name : National Creche Scheme
• Launched under : Samarthya Vertical of Umbrella Mission Shakti
• Ministry : Union Women and Child Development Ministry
• Aim : To provide quality crèche facilities in a safe and secure environment for
children (from ages 6 months – 6 years), nutritional support, health and cognitive
development of children, growth monitoring & immunization

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Recent News Headlines Related to Schemes

• As of March 2025, under the Jal Jeevan Mission, Uttar Pradesh has reported the
highest number of rural household tap water connections with 237.89 lakh
connections
• The second phase of the PM Internship Scheme (PMIS) will commence on August 1.
The target for FY26 is 7 lakh interns, which is six times higher than the FY25 target
• ‘Shaktishree’ is a special initiative launched by the Odisha Government for the
safety and well-being of girl students across 16 universities and 730 government and
aided colleges under the Higher Education Department
• The revamped Stand-Up India scheme, launching in September 2025, doubles the
loan limit from Rs.1 crore to Rs.2 crore
• Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has launched the
‘Dhwanispandana Yojane’ to promote inclusive public transportation. The scheme is
designed to help visually impaired passengers travel independently
• The ADEETIE scheme was launched by the Ministry of Power. It stands for
"Assistance in Deploying Energy Efficient Technologies in Industries &
Establishments."
• The Union Cabinet approved the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDKY) with an
annual outlay of Rs.24,000 crore for the period of 6 years
• Ladli Behna Scheme is a flagship women empowerment initiative of the Madhya
Pradesh Government providing monthly financial aid to women
• The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) launched the Sanchar Mitra Scheme
to engage student volunteers as “Digital Ambassadors” (Sanchar Mitras)
• The Government of India has announced a Rs.1,345 crore subsidy scheme to
promote rare earth magnet production
• The Assam Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, approved the
Gaja Mitra Scheme to address human-elephant conflict
• The Assam Cabinet approved the Assam Goods and Services Tax (Reimbursement
for Indigenous Bell Metal Industries) Scheme, 2025. The bell metal workers of
Sarthebari will pay the GST, and their SGST amount will be reimbursed to them
• On 11th July 2025, the Government of India launched the first-ever incentive
scheme for e-trucks under the PM E-DRIVE initiative, led by Heavy Industries
Minister H. D. Kumaraswamy

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Ques: According to the World Bank report, how much funding will Indian cities
require by 2050 for climate-resilient infrastructure?
विश्व बैंक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 2050 तक जलवायु-संवेदनशील ढांचा विकसित करने के लिए भारतीय शहरों को
कितने धन की आवश्यकता होगी?

A. $1.2 trillion
B. $2.4 trillion
C. $3.0 trillion
D. $5.5 trillion
E. $950 billion

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

• As per the World Bank–Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs joint report, Indian
cities will require $2.4 trillion by 2050 to develop climate-resilient infrastructure in
response to rapid urbanisation and climate change.
• By 2030, 70% of new jobs in India will be generated in urban areas, driven by
economic growth and demographic shifts.
• However, cities also face rising risks — including an estimated $5 billion annual
flood loss by 2030, as impermeable surfaces expand.
• India's urban population may reach 951 million by 2050, necessitating 144 million
new homes by 2070.
• Without mitigation, heat-related deaths may exceed 3 lakh per year by 2050.
• The report also highlights the importance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment
(1992) which gave constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to strengthen
local self-governance.

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Ques: What is the total number of enrolments under Atal Pension Yojana as of the
current fiscal?
वर्तमान वित्त वर्ष तक अटल पेंशन योजना के तहत कु ल कितने नामांकन हुए हैं?

A. 6 crore
B. 7 crore
C. 8 crore
D. 9 crore
E. 10 crore

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• The Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme
targeting the unorganised sector.
• It guarantees a monthly pension of Rs.1,000 to Rs.5,000 after the age of 60.
• According to the Finance Ministry, APY has crossed 8 crore total gross enrolments,
with 39 lakh new subscribers added in the current fiscal year.
• The scheme continues to strengthen India’s social security framework by
encouraging long-term savings among informal workers.

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Ques: Who has been appointed as the full-time Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the
Indian Olympic Association (IOA)?
भारतीय ओलंपिक संघ (IOA) के पूर्णकालिक मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी (CEO) के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया
गया है?

A. Anurag Thakur / अनुराग ठाकु र

B. Raghuram Iyer / रघुराम अय्यर
C. Rohit Rajpal / रोहित राजपाल
D. Neeraj Chopra / नीरज चोपड़ा
E. Rajeev Mehta / राजीव मेहता

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

• Raghuram Iyer has been appointed as the full-time Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of
the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
• In parallel, the Athletes Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel has been constituted with 7
members, headed by Rohit Rajpal, a former tennis player.
• The objective of the panel is to ensure transparent and fair adjudication of doping
cases, and to promote awareness among athletes, trainers, and officials.
• India recorded a 3.8% doping positivity rate in 2023, highlighting the need for
stricter anti-doping measures.

About Indian Olympic Association (IOA) :

• Established : 1927
• HQ : New Delhi
• President : P. T. Usha

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Ques: Where is the 14th edition of the India–Singapore Joint Military Exercise ‘Bold
Kurukshetra 2025’ being held?
भारत-सिंगापुर संयुक्त सैन्य अभ्यास 'बोल्ड कु रुक्षेत्र 2025' का 14वां संस्करण कहाँ आयोजित हो रहा है?

A. Pune / पुणे
B. Jodhpur / जोधपुर
C. Hyderabad / हैदराबाद
D. Wellington / वेलिंग्टन
E. Dehradun / देहरादून

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

• The 14th edition of India–Singapore Joint Military Exercise ‘Bold Kurukshetra 2025’
is being held at Jodhpur from 27th July to 04 August 2025.
• It is a bilateral military exercise between the Indian Army and the Singapore Armed
Forces (SAF).
• The exercise involves the 42 Singapore Armoured Regiment of the 4 Singapore
Armoured Brigade and the Indian Army’s Mechanised Infantry Regiment.

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Recent Appointment in different departments :

• Uma Kanjilal : Vice Chancellor of the Indira Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU) becoming the first woman to hold the post
• Nirmal K. Minda : Senior Vice President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce
and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) (succeed Sanjay Nayar)
• Manish Tiwary : Chairman of the board of Nestle India
• Ashok Chaudhary : Chairman of the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing
Federation (GCMMF) (replaced Shamal Patel)
• Gordhan Dhameliya : Chairman of Rajkot District Cooperative Milk Producers’
Union Ltd
• Vaishali Nigam Sinha, Co-Founder and Chairperson – Sustainability, ReNew Private
Limited : President of the United Nations Global Compact Network India (UNGCNI)
for 2025–2027 term
• Stephane Deblaise : CEO of Renault Group India
• Venkatram Mamillapalle : Managing Director of Renault India Private Limited
• Patrik Antoni : Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of IKEA India
• Deepak Bagla : Director of the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) by NITI Aayog
(Replacing Dr. Chintan Vaishnav)
• Stephane Deblaise : CEO of Renault Group India
• Dr J Ravishankar : Managing Director (MD) of Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation
Limited (BMRCL) (Replaced Maheshwar Rao)
• Nitin Gupta : chairperson of National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
(Replaced Ravneet Kaur)
• Gurdeep Singh : one-year extension as CMD of NTPC Limited, till 31 July 2026
• Ajay Kumar Shrivastava : Director (Engineering and R&D) of Hindustan Aeronautics
Limited (HAL)
• Hemant Rupani : CEO of Hindustan CocaCola Beverages (Replaced Juan Pablo
Rodriguez)
• Meenakshi Ganesan : Bureau of Indian Standards' (BIS) Deputy Director General
(DDG) for the Southern Regional Office
• Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju : 20th Governor of Goa (replacing P S Sreedharan
Pillai)
• Professor Ashim Kumar Ghosh : 19th Governor of Haryana (replacing Bandaru
Dattatreya)
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Recent News Headlines Related to Defence Exercise :

• The Indian Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) jointly organize the
Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX), which is one of India's longest
continuous maritime exercises
• Talisman Sabre 2025 is the 11th edition of a major bilateral military exercise led by
Australia, started on July 13, 2025. It is the largest bilateral military drill between
Australia and the United States, held biennially since 2005
• The Indian Army conducted a military exercise titled 'Prachand Shakti' in Meerut. It
was organised by the Charging RAM Division at the Kharga Corps Field Training Area
• The Japan Coast Guard Ship Itsukushima arrived at Chennai Port as part of a Global
Ocean Voyage Training. The port call will culminate in a joint sea exercise named 'Jaa
Mata' (meaning See you later) on July 12, 2025
• ConvEx-3 (2025) is a full-scale international emergency preparedness exercise
focused on nuclear or radiological emergencies with potential cross-border impacts
• The 53rd edition of NATO’s premier multinational maritime-focused exercise,
BALTOPS 25, was launched in Latvia
• Tiger Claw is the first-ever joint exercise between the Special Forces of the Indian
Air Force (Garud) and the United States Air Force Special Forces
• The 8th edition of Exercise Shakti 2025, a biennial bilateral military exercise
between India and France, will be held at La Cavalerie, France, from June 18 to July 1,
2025
• The India-U.K. joint naval Passage Exercise (PASSEX) took place in the North Arabian
Sea on June 9–10, 2025. The Indian Navy was represented by INS Tabar (a stealth
frigate), a submarine, and a P-8I maritime patrol aircraft
• The 22nd edition of the multinational exercise ‘Khaan Quest’ is being held in
Mongolia from June 14 to 28, 2025. It was first initiated in 2003 by the USA and
Mongolia, and has been a multinational event since 2006
• The 17th edition of the India–Mongolia joint military exercise Nomadic Elephant was
held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
• Iran and Azerbaijan launched the "Aras-2025" joint special forces military exercise.
It was conducted from May 18 to 21, 2025, involving Iran's Islamic Revolutionary
Guard Corps and Azerbaijani troops
• Golden Dragon 2025 is a joint military exercise between China and Cambodia. The
exercise is held at the Ream Naval Base in Sihanoukville, Cambodia’s southern coast
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Ques: Which state has the highest crop insurance premium default under PMFBY as
of FY25?
FY25 तक PMFBY के तहत किस राज्य का फसल बीमा प्रीमियम बकाया सबसे अधिक है?

A. Rajasthan / राजस्थान
B. Madhya Pradesh / मध्य प्रदेश
C. Andhra Pradesh / आंध्र प्रदेश
D. Uttar Pradesh / उत्तर प्रदेश
E. Tamil Nadu / तमिलनाडु

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

• Under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), state governments have
defaulted over Rs.6,450 crore in crop insurance settlements between FY21 and FY25.
• Andhra Pradesh is the top defaulter state, with a pending amount of Rs.2,565 crore.
• Other major defaulters include Rajasthan (Rs.1,525 cr), Madhya Pradesh (Rs.1,468
cr), Tamil Nadu (Rs.124 cr), and Uttar Pradesh (Rs.121 cr).
• From Kharif 2026, states must deposit premiums in escrow accounts in advance.
• A 12% penalty clause has been introduced to penalize delayed claim settlements by
insurance companies.
• The government has mandated a minimum of 50% crop yield data to be collected
via Yes-Tech, a tech-based estimation system.
• Currently, PMFBY is active in 23 states/UTs with premium sharing: Centre - 40%,
State - 48%, Farmers - 12%.
• Farmer enrollment has grown from 3.17 crore (2022–23) to 4.19 crore (2024–25).

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Ques: Who has been awarded the GP Birla Memorial Award in 2025?
2025 में जीपी बिड़ला मेमोरियल पुरस्कार से किसे सम्मानित किया गया है?

A. Dr. S. Somanath / डॉ. एस. सोमनाथ

B. Dr. Venkataraman Ramakrishnan / डॉ. वेंकटरामन रामकृ ष्णन
C. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam / डॉ. ए. पी. जे. अब्दुल कलाम
D. Dr. V. Narayanan / डॉ. वी. नारायणन
E. Dr. Jogesh Pati / डॉ. जोगेश पाटी

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

• Dr. V. Narayanan, the current Chairman of ISRO and Secretary of the Department of
Space, has been honored with the GP Birla Memorial Award 2025.
• The award is presented by the GP Birla Archaeological Astronomical and Scientific
Institute.
• This prestigious award has previously been given to 32 Nobel laureates, including
Venkataraman Ramakrishnan, Jogesh Pati, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, and former ISRO
chairman Kasturirangan.

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Recent News Headlines Related to Awards & Winners :

• Mrs Earth International 2025. : Vidhu Ishiqa

• Rashtriya Krishi Vigyan Puraskar – 2025 in category of Innovation & Technology in
Agriculture & Allied Sciences : ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore
scientists
• National Geospatial Practitoner Award 2025 : Indian National Centre for Ocean
Information Services (INCOIS)
• Open-Source GIS Cohort Award : Bhadradri Kothagudem district in Telangana
• Kalinga Ratna Award-2024 : Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra
Pradhan
• literary award, ‘Sarala Samman’ : Shri Bijaya Nayak
• Poligras Magic Skill Award for Year 2024-25 : Indian Women’s Hockey team
forward player, Deepika Sehrawat
• International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 9001:2015 certification :
Arthunkal police station in Alappuzha
• ‘Hem Bahadur Malla Award 2080’ : Kalyan Shrestha
• Chintha Raveendran Award for 2025 : Sarankumar Limbale
• 2025 United Nations Population Award (Individual Category) : Varsha Deshpande,
a women’s rights advocate from Satara, Maharashtra
• India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) Industry Excellence Award 2025 under the
category of State Leadership – Battery Manufacturing : Telangana
• 2025 PEN Pinter Prize : Leila Aboulela
• Namibia’s highest civilian honour, the "Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia
Mirabilis" : Prime Minister Narendra Modi
• ‘Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross’ highest civilian honour
of Brazil : Prime Minister Narendra Modi
• 21st P. Kesavadev Awards : Shashi Tharoor and diabetologist Banshi Saboo
• NASA-NSS Space Settlement Design Contest 2025 : S.R.N. Mehta CBSE School in
Kalaburagi, Karnataka
• Mental Health Award 2025 : Saima Wazed
• ‘Key to the City of Buenos Aires’ : Prime Minister Narendra Modi
• The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago : Prime Minister Narendra Modi

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Ques: What is the objective of NASA’s recently launched TRACERS mission?
नासा के हाल ही में लॉन्च किए गए TRACERS मिशन का उद्देश्य क्या है?

A. Study asteroid impacts on Earth / पृथ्वी पर क्षुद्रग्रह प्रभावों का अध्ययन

B. Monitor Mars' atmosphere / मंगल के वायुमंडल की निगरानी
C. Explore the Moon’s polar regions / चंद्रमा के ध्रुवीय क्षेत्रों का अन्वेषण
D. Study Earth’s magnetic defense against space storms / अंतरिक्ष तूफानों के खिलाफ पृथ्वी की
चुंबकीय रक्षा का अध्ययन
E. Detect exoplanets beyond the solar system / सौरमंडल से परे एक्सोप्लैनेट का पता लगाना

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

• TRACERS stands for Tandem Reconnection And Cusp Electrodynamics

Reconnaissance Satellites.
• The mission was launched by NASA aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from
Vandenberg Space Force Base, California.
• It aims to study Earth’s magnetic shield, especially in the polar cusp region near the
North Pole, where space storms interact most directly with Earth's magnetic field.
• The mission will explore magnetic reconnection, a process where magnetic field
lines from the Sun and Earth break and reconnect, releasing energy.
• Over a 12-month period, TRACERS will record around 3,000 crossings through
these regions.

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Ques: When is the 87th Raising Day of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
observed?
कें द्रीय रिजर्व पुलिस बल (CRPF) का 87वां स्थापना दिवस कब मनाया गया?

A. August 15
B. July 27
C. December 28
D. June 1
E. January 26

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

• The 87th Raising Day of the CRPF was observed on July 27, 2025.
• The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) started as the Crown Representative
Police on July 27, 1939.
• It was renamed as CRPF on December 28, 1949, after the enactment of the CRPF
Act.
• CRPF is the only paramilitary force in India to have six all-women battalions.

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Important days :

• 10 July : Global Energy Independence Day

• 10 July : National Fish Farmers day
• 11 July : World Horse Day (THEME: Honoring a Timeless Partner)
• 11 July : World Population Day 2025 (Theme : “Empowering young people to
create the families they want in a fair and hopeful world.”)
• 12 July : Paper Bag Day
• 12 July : International Day of Hope (THEME: A Universal Need in Uncertain Times)
• 12 July : International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms (Theme (2025):
“Sand and Dust Storms: Working Across Agendas for Resilience and Sustainability”)
• 12 July : Malala Day
• 14 July : Bastille Day, is the national day of France
• 15 July : 10th World Youth Skills Day (2025 theme is "Youth Empowerment
through AI and Digital Skills”)
• 16 July : World Snake Day (Theme—“Respect, Don’t Fear: Protecting Nature’s Silent
Guardians”)
• 16 July : Artificial Intelligence (AI) Appreciation Day
• 16 July : 97th Foundation Day of ICAR
• 17 July : World Day for International Justice
• 18 July : Nelson Mandela International Day (Theme 2025 : It’s still in our hands to
combat poverty and inequity)
• 18 July : Tamil Nadu Day
• 19 July : Mangal Pandey birth anniversary
• 20 July : International Moon Day (Theme 2025 One Moon, One Vision, One Future)
• 20 July : International Chess Day (theme for 2025 is “Every Move Counts”)
• 22 July : National Mango Day
• 22 July : Pi Approximation Day
• 22 July : World Brain Health Day (2025 theme - "Brain Health for All Ages)
• 23 July : Lokmanya Tilak birth anniversary
• 23 July : Chandra Shekhar Azad birth anniversary
• 23 July : National Broadcasting Day
• 24 July : 166th INCOME TAX DAY (or Aaykar Divas)
• 25 July : World Embryologists Day (Also known as World IVF Day)
• 27 July : APJ Abdul Kalam's Death Anniversary
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IMPORTANT ONE – LINER Current Affairs

According to the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2025–2034, India is expected to

divert 22% of its sugar output toward ethanol production by 2034, significantly up
from the current level of 9%. By 2034, India’s sugar production is projected to
increase by 8.7 million tonnes

Government of India (GoI) has extended President’s Rule in Manipur by six months
till 13 February 2026, citing continued social unrest and lack of suitable environment
for free and fair elections. The Parliament has approved the extension of President’s
rule as per the Article 356 of the Constitution of India.

As per the India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), 75,000
Indian skilled professionals will be allowed to work in the UK annually. They will be
exempt from contributing to UK social security for 3 years.

India has resumed issuing tourist visas to Chinese nationals after 5 years, according
to a statement by the Indian Embassy in Beijing. This decision is seen as a move
towards normalising bilateral relations after the Galwan Valley clashes and LAC
standoff in 2020.

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महत्वपूर्ण एक-पंक्ति समसामयिक समाचार

OECD-FAO कृ षि परिदृश्य 2025-2034 के अनुसार, भारत द्वारा 2034 तक अपने चीनी उत्पादन का 22%
इथेनॉल उत्पादन में लगाने की उम्मीद है, जो वर्तमान 9% के स्तर से काफी अधिक है। 2034 तक, भारत के चीनी
उत्पादन में 8.7 मिलियन टन की वृद्धि का अनुमान है।

भारत सरकार ने मणिपुर में राष्ट्रपति शासन को छह महीने के लिए बढ़ाकर 13 फरवरी 2026 तक कर दिया है, क्योंकि
वहाँ सामाजिक अशांति बनी हुई है और स्वतंत्र एवं निष्पक्ष चुनाव के लिए उपयुक्त माहौल नहीं है। संसद ने भारतीय
संविधान के अनुच्छेद 356 के अनुसार राष्ट्रपति शासन के विस्तार को मंजूरी दे दी है।

भारत-यूके व्यापक आर्थिक और व्यापार समझौते (CETA) के अनुसार, 75,000 भारतीय कु शल पेशेवरों को प्रतिवर्ष
यूके में काम करने की अनुमति होगी। उन्हें 3 वर्षों तक यूके की सामाजिक सुरक्षा में योगदान देने से छू ट दी जाएगी।

बीजिंग स्थित भारतीय दूतावास के एक बयान के अनुसार, भारत ने पाँच साल बाद चीनी नागरिकों को पर्यटक वीज़ा जारी
करना फिर से शुरू कर दिया है। इस फै सले को 2020 में गलवान घाटी में हुई झड़पों और वास्तविक नियंत्रण रेखा
(एलएसी) पर गतिरोध के बाद द्विपक्षीय संबंधों को सामान्य बनाने की दिशा में एक कदम के रूप में देखा जा रहा है।

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