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Data Structures Unit1 To 3 Notes

The document provides an overview of data structures, including their definitions, operations, classifications, and characteristics. It covers algorithm design strategies such as brute force, decrease and conquer, and divide and conquer, along with examples in Python. Additionally, it introduces dynamic programming concepts, including techniques like memoization and tabulation, with a focus on the Fibonacci sequence.

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27 views4 pages

Data Structures Unit1 To 3 Notes

The document provides an overview of data structures, including their definitions, operations, classifications, and characteristics. It covers algorithm design strategies such as brute force, decrease and conquer, and divide and conquer, along with examples in Python. Additionally, it introduces dynamic programming concepts, including techniques like memoization and tabulation, with a focus on the Fibonacci sequence.

Uploaded by

mdsajidalam270713
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Structures with Python - Unit 1 to 3 Notes

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURES

1. Introduction to Data Structures:

Data Structure is a way to store and organize data so that it can be used efficiently. It helps in

processing data logically and in an optimized manner.

2. Operations on Data Structures:

- Traversing

- Insertion

- Deletion

- Searching

- Sorting

- Merging

3. Classification of Data Structures:

- Primitive Data Structures: int, float, char, bool (e.g., a = 10)

- Non-Primitive Data Structures:

a. Linear: Arrays, Lists, Stacks, Queues

b. Non-Linear: Trees, Graphs

4. Characteristics of Data Structures:

- Correctness

- Time Complexity

- Space Complexity
- Reusability

- Abstraction

5. Primitive and Non-Primitive Types with Examples:

- Primitive: int, float, char

- Non-Primitive: list, tuple, dict, set in Python

6. Linear and Non-Linear Data Structures:

- Linear: Arranged in sequence (e.g., list, stack)

- Non-Linear: Not arranged sequentially (e.g., tree, graph)

7. Abstract Data Type (ADT):

- Abstraction hides implementation.

- ADT Examples: Student, Date, Employee (define fields and methods)

- Using ADT: Create functions to work on ADT.

- Implementing ADT: Define classes and functions in Python.

8. Python Program to Use Basic Data Structures:

Example:

arr = [1, 2, 3]

stack = []

stack.append(10)

stack.pop()

9. Implement an ADT with all operations:

Example: Class-based implementation of Stack with push, pop, display, etc.


10. Algorithm Analysis:

- Space Complexity: Amount of memory used.

- Time Complexity: Time taken by algorithm as input grows.

11. Runtime Analysis:

- Evaluating the efficiency of an algorithm based on input size and steps.

12. Asymptotic Notations:

- Big-O: Worst-case

- Omega: Best-case

- Theta: Average-case

------------------------------------------------------------

UNIT 2: ALGORITHM DESIGN STRATEGIES

1. Brute Force:

- Bubble Sort

- Selection Sort

- Linear Search

2. Decrease and Conquer:

- Insertion Sort

3. Divide and Conquer:

- Merge Sort: Divide list, sort each part, merge.

- Quick Sort: Use pivot, divide list, recursively sort.


- Binary Search: Search in sorted list by halving.

Python Examples for All Above Provided

------------------------------------------------------------

UNIT 3: DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

1. Dynamic Programming (DP):

- Solve overlapping subproblems.

- Store results to avoid recalculation.

2. Fibonacci Example:

- Recursive (O(2^n))

- Memoization (Top-Down DP) (O(n))

- Tabulation (Bottom-Up DP) (O(n))

- Optimized DP (O(n), O(1) space)

Python code for all versions of Fibonacci included.

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