Cambridge Primary Science
Stage 1 (Ages 5–6)
Focus: Exploration and observation
Main Areas:
Biology: Living vs. non-living things, parts of plants and animals, human body basics
Chemistry: Materials around us, their properties (soft/hard, float/sink)
Physics: Light and dark, pushes and pulls, sounds
Scientific Skills: Asking questions, using simple equipment, observing changes
🌿 Stage 2 (Ages 6–7)
Focus: Identifying patterns, comparing
Main Areas:
Biology: Animal groups, life cycles, habitats
Chemistry: Properties of materials, changes (melting, mixing)
Physics: Sound (loud/soft), forces, movement
Scientific Skills: Grouping objects, describing findings
🌳 Stage 3 (Ages 7–8)
Focus: Understanding cause and effect
Main Areas:
Biology: Healthy eating, skeletons, plant growth
Chemistry: Solids, liquids, gases, reversible changes
Physics: Light and shadows, magnets, electricity basics
Scientific Skills: Making predictions, recording results
🌾 Stage 4 (Ages 8–9)
Focus: Deeper understanding of systems
Main Areas:
Biology: Digestion, food chains, respiration
Chemistry: Dissolving, separating mixtures, acids and bases
Physics: Circuits, motion and friction, heat transfer
Scientific Skills: Drawing conclusions, using scientific vocabulary
🌲 Stage 5 (Ages 9–10)
Focus: Applying knowledge, more complex systems
Main Areas:
Biology: Human life cycle, ecosystems, cell basics
Chemistry: Reactions, particle model, physical vs. chemical changes
Physics: Forces and machines, energy forms, Earth and space
Scientific Skills: Planning fair tests, interpreting data, communicating results
📘 Cambridge Primary Science Stage 1 – Detailed Content
Summary
1. Living Things
🔹 Content Overview:
Differences between living and non-living things
Basic needs of animals and humans
Body parts and five senses
Naming and grouping common animals and plants
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Living – Things that grow, need food, water, and can move or reproduce (e.g. plants,
animals)
Non-living – Objects that don’t grow or need food/water (e.g. rock, chair)
Body parts – Head, arms, legs, eyes, nose, etc.
Senses – Sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell
Animals – Grouped as birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, insects
Plants – Roots, stems, leaves, flowers
✅ What students learn:
They learn to identify and describe the features of living things and how to take care of
themselves and other living creatures.
2. Materials
🔹 Content Overview:
Names of common materials (wood, plastic, metal, etc.)
Properties of materials (hard, soft, rough, smooth, waterproof, bendy)
Suitability of materials for different uses
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Material – What something is made of
Wood – From trees, used in furniture
Plastic – Lightweight, used in bottles and toys
Metal – Hard and shiny, used in tools
Property – A feature of a material (e.g. soft, hard, stretchy)
Waterproof – Does not let water through
Transparent – See-through
✅ What students learn:
Children explore everyday objects, name what they’re made of, and explain why those materials
are used.
3. The Earth and Space
🔹 Content Overview:
The difference between day and night
Sun as a source of light and heat
Recognizing weather and seasons
Natural features of the Earth
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Sun – A star that gives us light and heat
Day – When the Sun is in the sky
Night – When the Sun is not visible
Weather – Rainy, sunny, cloudy, windy, etc.
Season – Times of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter)
Sky, land, water – Natural parts of Earth
✅ What students learn:
They become aware of the world around them, observe weather changes, and understand basic
environmental science.
4. Forces and Motion
🔹 Content Overview:
How things move
Pushes and pulls as types of forces
Changing the direction and speed of movement
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Push – A force that moves something away from you
Pull – A force that brings something closer
Force – A push or pull
Roll – Movement in a round motion (like a ball)
Slide – Smooth movement across a surface
Bounce – Spring back after hitting a surface
✅ What students learn:
Children explore how objects move when different forces are applied.
5. Sound
🔹 Content Overview:
Sources of sound
Differences between loud and quiet sounds
How we hear with our ears
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Sound – Vibrations we hear
Source – Where the sound comes from (e.g. bell, drum)
Loud – High volume sound (e.g. shout)
Quiet – Low volume sound (e.g. whisper)
Ears – Body part used to hear
✅ What students learn:
They understand sound through play and listening, and they learn about sound levels and where
sounds come from.
6. Scientific Enquiry (Skills)
🔹 Content Overview:
Asking simple questions
Observing using senses
Grouping and sorting objects
Using simple equipment
Recording using drawings, charts, or labels
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Observe – Look closely and carefully
Compare – Find similarities or differences
Group – Put things into sets based on features
Record – Write down or draw what you see
Experiment – A simple test or investigation
Predict – Say what you think will happen
✅ What students learn:
They begin developing a scientific mindset—curiosity, observation, and explanation.
🧠 Summary of Learning Goals in Stage 1:
By the end of Stage 1, learners should be able to:
Recognize living and non-living things
Name common materials and describe their uses
Understand simple natural processes (weather, day/night)
Describe movement using force terms
Identify sounds and how we hear them
Ask questions and record simple results
📘 Cambridge Primary Science Stage 2 – Detailed Content
Summary
1. Living Things
🔹 Content Overview:
Grouping animals (mammals, birds, insects, etc.)
Basic needs of animals (food, water, air, shelter)
Animal habitats (forest, desert, ocean, etc.)
Parts of plants (roots, stems, leaves, flowers)
What plants need to grow (sunlight, water, soil)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Habitat – The place where an animal or plant lives
Mammal – Animal with fur/hair, gives birth to live young (e.g. cat, dog)
Bird – Animal with feathers and beak, lays eggs
Insect – Small animal with 6 legs and a hard shell (e.g. ant, bee)
Roots – Part of a plant that grows underground and takes in water
Stem – Holds up the plant and carries water to the leaves
Leaves – Make food for the plant using sunlight
Sunlight, Water, Soil – Needed for plant growth
✅ Students learn:
To classify animals, understand basic plant and animal needs, and recognize where they live.
2. Materials
🔹 Content Overview:
Grouping materials by type and property
Comparing and describing materials
Exploring how materials are used
Understanding how some materials change (e.g. melting, freezing)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Material – The substance an object is made of
Flexible – Can bend easily
Rigid – Stiff and hard to bend
Waterproof – Doesn’t let water through
Absorbent – Soaks up liquid
Transparent – See-through
Change – When materials melt, freeze, or mix
Melt – Solid becomes liquid (e.g. ice to water)
Freeze – Liquid becomes solid
✅ Students learn:
To describe materials more precisely and observe how they behave under different conditions.
3. The Earth and Space
🔹 Content Overview:
Weather types and changes
Seasonal changes (spring, summer, autumn, winter)
Simple ways of measuring weather (temperature, rain)
How the Sun helps life on Earth
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Season – One of four times in the year with different weather
Weather – What the sky and air are like (e.g. sunny, rainy, cloudy)
Temperature – How hot or cold something is
Rainfall – The amount of rain
Sunlight – Light from the Sun that helps plants grow and warms the Earth
✅ Students learn:
To observe and describe natural changes in the environment across seasons.
4. Forces and Motion
🔹 Content Overview:
How different surfaces affect movement (smooth vs. rough)
Comparing how things move: faster/slower
Using ramps and slopes to observe motion
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Force – A push or pull that changes how something moves
Friction – A force that slows things down (more on rough surfaces)
Ramp – A sloping surface
Speed – How fast something moves
Surface – The top layer something moves on
✅ Students learn:
To explore how motion changes based on surfaces and angles.
5. Sound
🔹 Content Overview:
How sounds are made by vibrations
Exploring different sound sources
How sound can change (louder/softer, high/low pitch)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Sound – Vibrations that we hear
Vibration – A back-and-forth movement that makes sound
Volume – How loud or quiet a sound is
Pitch – How high or low a sound is
Echo – A sound that reflects back
✅ Students learn:
To identify sound sources and describe differences in sounds.
6. Scientific Enquiry (Skills)
🔹 Content Overview:
Asking testable questions
Making predictions
Using simple tools (e.g. rulers, measuring cups)
Recording and sharing results in simple tables or charts
Sorting and classifying based on observations
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Question – Something we want to find out
Prediction – What we think will happen before testing
Measure – To find out how big, long, or heavy something is
Record – Write down or draw what you find
Results – What you observe in an experiment
Sort – Group things based on what they have in common
Classify – Put things into scientific groups
✅ Students learn:
To begin thinking like scientists by observing, asking, testing, and recording in simple ways.
🧠 Summary of Learning Goals in Stage 2:
By the end of Stage 2, learners should be able to:
Group animals and describe their needs and habitats
Identify parts of plants and what plants need to grow
Sort and describe materials by their properties and observe changes
Observe changes in weather and seasons
Explore how things move and how surfaces affect speed
Describe sound in terms of volume, pitch, and source
Ask questions, make predictions, and record findings clearly
📘 Cambridge Primary Science Stage 3 – Detailed Content
Summary
1. Living Things
🔹 Content Overview:
Skeletons and muscles in humans and animals
Comparing how animals move (walk, swim, fly)
Importance of a balanced diet for health
Plant parts and functions
How water is transported in plants
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Skeleton – Bones that support and protect the body
Muscle – Soft tissue that helps us move
Balanced diet – Eating the right amount of different foods (e.g. fruit, vegetables, protein)
Function – The job or purpose of a part (e.g. roots absorb water)
Transport – How water moves through a plant
Nutrients – Substances in food that help living things grow and stay healthy
✅ Students learn:
How the human body works, how animals move, and how plants function.
2. Materials
🔹 Content Overview:
Grouping solids, liquids, and gases
Exploring how materials change state (melting, freezing, evaporating)
Identifying and comparing properties of materials
Reversible and irreversible changes
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Solid – Keeps its shape (e.g. rock, wood)
Liquid – Flows and takes the shape of its container (e.g. water, oil)
Gas – Fills the space around it and is often invisible (e.g. air)
Melting – Solid turns to liquid (e.g. ice to water)
Freezing – Liquid turns to solid
Evaporation – Liquid turns to gas
Reversible change – Can be undone (e.g. freezing water)
Irreversible change – Cannot be undone (e.g. baking a cake)
✅ Students learn:
To classify materials and understand how matter changes under different conditions.
3. The Earth and Space
🔹 Content Overview:
The Earth’s position in space
The movement of the Sun and Moon
Understanding shadows and how they change
Recognizing the importance of the Sun
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Earth – The planet we live on
Sun – A star that gives us heat and light
Moon – The Earth’s natural satellite
Orbit – The path one object takes around another
Shadow – A dark shape made when something blocks light
Sunrise/Sunset – Times when the Sun appears/disappears from the sky
✅ Students learn:
How the Earth moves and how the Sun affects our daily life through light and shadows.
4. Forces and Motion
🔹 Content Overview:
Types of forces: pushes, pulls, friction, gravity
How different surfaces affect movement
Using magnets and identifying magnetic materials
Understanding magnetic poles
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Force – A push or pull
Friction – A force that slows objects when they rub against a surface
Gravity – A force that pulls objects down toward the Earth
Magnet – An object that attracts certain metals
Magnetic material – Materials that stick to magnets (e.g. iron, steel)
Poles – The ends of a magnet (North and South)
✅ Students learn:
To observe how objects move, explore magnetism, and investigate forces in action.
5. Light
🔹 Content Overview:
Light sources (Sun, torch, fire)
How light travels in straight lines
How shadows are formed
Transparent, translucent, and opaque materials
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Light source – Something that gives off light
Transparent – Lets light through clearly (e.g. glass)
Translucent – Lets some light through but not clearly (e.g. frosted glass)
Opaque – Blocks light (e.g. wood, metal)
Shadow – A dark shape where light is blocked
Reflection – When light bounces off a surface
✅ Students learn:
How light behaves, what materials let light through, and how shadows are created.
6. Scientific Enquiry (Skills)
🔹 Content Overview:
Asking scientific questions
Making fair tests and predictions
Measuring using simple equipment
Recording data using charts, diagrams, or tables
Drawing simple conclusions from observations
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Fair test – A test where only one thing is changed
Prediction – Saying what you think will happen
Observe – Watch carefully
Measure – Use tools to find size, time, temperature, etc.
Data – Information collected from experiments
Conclusion – What you learn from results
✅ Students learn:
To think scientifically—ask, test, measure, and explain based on evidence.
🧠 Summary of Learning Goals in Stage 3:
By the end of Book 3, learners should be able to:
Understand the role of skeletons and muscles
Describe plant functions and animal nutrition
Compare solids, liquids, and gases with real-world examples
Explore reversible and irreversible changes in materials
Understand light, shadows, and magnetism
Apply scientific methods: questioning, predicting, observing, and recording
📘 Cambridge Primary Science Stage 4 – Detailed Content
Summary
1. Living Things
🔹 Content Overview:
The human digestive system
Food chains and food webs
Grouping animals and plants by features
The role of the environment and adaptations
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Digestive system – Organs that break down food (mouth, stomach, intestines)
Nutrients – Useful parts of food (carbohydrates, proteins, fats)
Food chain – Shows how energy is passed from one living thing to another
Producer – A plant that makes its own food
Consumer – An animal that eats plants or other animals
Predator – An animal that hunts other animals
Adaptation – A feature that helps a living thing survive
✅ Students learn:
How the body uses food, how animals are connected in ecosystems, and how adaptations help
living things survive.
2. Materials
🔹 Content Overview:
Grouping materials by physical and chemical properties
Comparing materials for uses (e.g. absorbency, strength)
Understanding simple chemical reactions (e.g. vinegar and baking soda)
Changes of state: melting, boiling, condensing
Soluble vs. insoluble substances
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Boiling – When a liquid turns into gas at high temperature
Condensation – Gas turning into liquid
Soluble – A substance that dissolves in a liquid (e.g. salt in water)
Insoluble – Does not dissolve (e.g. sand in water)
Reaction – When substances mix and change
Mixture – A combination of two or more substances
Filter – A way to separate solid from liquid
✅ Students learn:
To explore materials more scientifically—testing, reacting, and separating them.
3. The Earth and Space
🔹 Content Overview:
Features of Earth: land, sea, sky
Water cycle (evaporation, condensation, precipitation)
How weather affects the environment
Natural resources and their uses (e.g. rocks, soil, water)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Water cycle – The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation,
and rain
Evaporation – Water turning into vapor
Precipitation – Water falling as rain, snow, etc.
Natural resource – Something from nature used by humans (e.g. water, oil, minerals)
Conservation – Using resources wisely
✅ Students learn:
The water cycle, the impact of weather, and how Earth’s resources are important.
4. Forces and Motion
🔹 Content Overview:
Measuring forces using spring scales
Exploring how friction, air resistance, and gravity affect movement
Identifying balanced and unbalanced forces
Effects of forces on speed and direction
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Friction – A force that slows things down between surfaces
Air resistance – A force that slows things in the air (e.g. parachute)
Gravity – A force pulling objects toward Earth
Force meter – A tool to measure force
Balanced forces – Forces that cancel each other out (no movement)
Unbalanced forces – Forces that cause motion
✅ Students learn:
To measure and describe the effects of different forces.
5. Electricity
🔹 Content Overview:
Simple circuits with bulbs, wires, and batteries
Conductors and insulators
Understanding circuit diagrams (symbols for bulb, switch, battery)
Making a working circuit with a switch
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Circuit – A complete path for electricity
Bulb – Produces light when electricity passes through
Battery (cell) – Provides energy for the circuit
Switch – Turns the circuit on or off
Conductor – Material that lets electricity pass (e.g. metal)
Insulator – Does not let electricity pass (e.g. plastic)
✅ Students learn:
To build, test, and draw simple electrical circuits and identify materials that carry current.
6. Scientific Enquiry (Skills)
🔹 Content Overview:
Planning fair tests
Using measurement tools accurately (thermometers, rulers, force meters)
Making predictions and hypotheses
Recording results using bar charts and tables
Drawing conclusions from evidence
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Plan – Decide how to carry out an experiment
Measure – Find exact size, weight, temperature, etc.
Hypothesis – A scientific idea or prediction
Data – Collected facts from experiments
Bar chart – A way to show data visually
Conclusion – What we learn from an experiment
✅ Students learn:
To carry out investigations more independently and interpret their findings with evidence.
🧠 Summary of Learning Goals in Stage 4:
By the end of Book 4, learners should be able to:
Describe how the digestive system works and how organisms are connected in food
chains
Investigate materials and understand changes of state and mixtures
Explain the water cycle and recognize Earth's resources
Understand the forces acting on objects and how they move
Build and draw simple electrical circuits
Plan and carry out scientific investigations with data collection and analysis
📘 Cambridge Primary Science Stage 5 – Detailed Content
Summary
1. Living Things
🔹 Content Overview:
Life cycles of plants and animals (including humans)
Stages of human development (baby, child, adult)
Reproduction in flowering plants
Parts of a flower and pollination/fertilisation
Changes in humans as they grow
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Life cycle – The stages of life (birth, growth, reproduction, death)
Reproduction – Making new life (seeds, babies)
Pollination – When pollen moves from one flower to another (by wind/insects)
Fertilisation – When male and female cells join to make a new seed
Seed dispersal – How seeds spread (wind, animals, water)
Growth – Physical and mental development over time
✅ Students learn:
How living things grow, reproduce, and change through different life stages.
2. Materials
🔹 Content Overview:
States of matter and the particle model
Dissolving, mixing, and separating materials
Soluble and insoluble substances
Filtering, sieving, evaporation techniques
Irreversible changes (burning, rusting)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Particle model – Explains solids, liquids, gases using small particles
Dissolve – A solid mixes into a liquid (e.g. sugar in water)
Soluble – Can dissolve
Insoluble – Cannot dissolve
Mixture – Two or more substances together
Filter/sieve – Methods for separating mixtures
Evaporation – Liquid turns to gas
Irreversible change – Cannot go back (e.g. cooking an egg)
✅ Students learn:
To understand how materials behave, change, and how mixtures can be separated.
3. The Earth and Space
🔹 Content Overview:
The movement of the Earth around the Sun
How day and night happen
Phases of the Moon
Seasons and how they relate to Earth’s orbit
Earth's rotation and orbit
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Orbit – The path the Earth takes around the Sun
Rotate – The Earth spinning on its axis (causes day and night)
Moon phases – The changing shape of the Moon we see
Season – Changes in weather due to Earth’s tilt and orbit
Axis – An imaginary line through the center of Earth
✅ Students learn:
How Earth’s movement creates time cycles and how the Moon changes appearance.
4. Forces and Motion
🔹 Content Overview:
Measuring force in newtons
Effects of gravity, friction, air resistance, water resistance
Simple machines: levers, pulleys, gears
How forces change speed and direction
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Newton – The unit used to measure force
Friction – Slows motion between surfaces
Gravity – Pulls things toward Earth
Air resistance – Slows things in the air
Water resistance – Slows things in water
Lever – A simple machine using a pivot to lift a load
Gear – Toothed wheel that transfers motion
Pulley – A wheel with a rope to lift heavy things
✅ Students learn:
How different forces act in everyday life and how simple machines make work easier.
5. Light and Shadows
🔹 Content Overview:
How light travels in straight lines
Shadows and how they change
Reflection and mirrors
How we see things (light bouncing into our eyes)
Transparent, translucent, and opaque materials
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Light ray – A straight path that light travels
Shadow – Formed when an object blocks light
Reflect – Light bouncing off a surface
Mirror – Reflects light clearly
Transparent – Lets light through
Translucent – Lets some light through
Opaque – Blocks light
✅ Students learn:
To investigate light behavior and understand how vision and shadows work.
6. Scientific Enquiry (Skills)
🔹 Content Overview:
Planning experiments and fair tests
Using scientific vocabulary
Making precise measurements
Drawing and interpreting graphs
Evaluating results and suggesting improvements
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Variable – Something that can change in an experiment
Fair test – A test where only one variable changes
Accurate – Exact, correct measurement
Graph – A way to show results visually (line/bar graphs)
Evaluate – To judge and reflect on how well an experiment worked
Conclusion – What you learned from your results
✅ Students learn:
To carry out full investigations independently, from planning to concluding.
🧠 Summary of Learning Goals in Stage 5:
By the end of Book 5, learners should be able to:
Describe life cycles and reproduction in plants and animals
Understand states of matter, dissolving, and separating mixtures
Explain the Earth’s movement and its effects (day/night, seasons, Moon phases)
Measure and describe how forces affect motion
Explore light, reflection, and shadows
Plan, test, record, and evaluate experiments using scientific methods
📘 Cambridge Lower Secondary Science – Stage 6
(Book 6) Summary
1. Biology: Living Things and Their Environment
🔹 Content Overview:
Characteristics of living organisms (MRS GREN)
Cells and their functions (plant vs animal cells)
Classification of organisms (vertebrates/invertebrates)
Habitats, food chains, and food webs
Interdependence and environmental changes
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
MRS GREN – Life processes: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth,
Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
Cell – Basic unit of life
Nucleus – Controls the cell
Chloroplast – Found in plant cells, does photosynthesis
Classification – Grouping organisms by features
Interdependence – How living things rely on each other
Ecosystem – Community of living things and their environment
Predator/Prey – Hunter and hunted in a food chain
✅ Students learn:
How to describe living things scientifically, understand cells, ecosystems, and environmental
impact.
2. Biology: The Human Body
🔹 Content Overview:
Body systems: circulatory, respiratory, digestive
Functions of organs (heart, lungs, stomach, intestines)
Effects of exercise and healthy eating
How nutrients move around the body
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Circulatory system – Moves blood around the body
Respiratory system – Takes in oxygen, removes carbon dioxide
Digestive system – Breaks down food into nutrients
Oxygen – Gas we breathe in
Carbon dioxide – Waste gas we breathe out
Nutrients – Substances needed for growth and health
✅ Students learn:
How body systems work together to keep us alive and healthy.
3. Chemistry: States of Matter
🔹 Content Overview:
Particle model of solids, liquids, gases
Changing state: melting, freezing, boiling, condensation
Measuring temperature and changes of state
Expansion and contraction due to heat
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Particles – Tiny units that make up matter
Kinetic energy – Energy of movement (particles move more in heat)
Boiling point – Temperature where liquid becomes gas
Condensation – Gas becomes liquid
Evaporation – Liquid becomes gas at surface
Expansion – Increase in volume when heated
Contraction – Decrease in volume when cooled
✅ Students learn:
To understand how matter behaves and changes with heat and cold.
4. Chemistry: Materials and Their Properties
🔹 Content Overview:
Properties of materials (hardness, conductivity, flexibility, etc.)
Mixtures and solutions
Filtration, evaporation, sieving, distillation
Acids and alkalis (introduction), pH scale (basic)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Solution – A mixture where one substance dissolves into another
Solute – Substance that dissolves
Solvent – Liquid that dissolves a solute (usually water)
Filtration – Separating solids from liquids
Evaporation – Removing liquid to leave solid
Distillation – Separating liquids by boiling point
pH scale – Measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is
✅ Students learn:
To describe and separate mixtures and begin understanding chemical properties.
5. Physics: Forces and Motion
🔹 Content Overview:
Types of forces: gravity, friction, air resistance
Balanced and unbalanced forces
Mass and weight
Speed = distance ÷ time
Interpreting motion graphs (intro level)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Force – A push or pull (measured in newtons)
Friction – Resists movement between surfaces
Gravity – Pulls objects towards Earth
Mass – How much matter something has (kg)
Weight – Force of gravity on mass (N)
Speed – How fast something moves (m/s)
Distance-time graph – Shows how distance changes over time
✅ Students learn:
To calculate speed and describe how forces affect motion.
6. Physics: Energy
🔹 Content Overview:
Types of energy: kinetic, thermal, light, sound, chemical, electrical
Energy transfer and transformation
Renewable and non-renewable energy sources
Conservation of energy (intro concept)
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Energy – The ability to do work
Kinetic energy – Energy of movement
Thermal energy – Heat
Chemical energy – Stored in food or fuel
Renewable – Can be replaced (e.g. solar, wind)
Non-renewable – Will run out (e.g. coal, oil)
Transformation – Changing energy from one type to another
✅ Students learn:
To identify energy forms, how they’re used, and their environmental impact.
7. Scientific Enquiry (Skills)
🔹 Content Overview:
Formulating testable questions
Planning fair tests
Selecting and using measuring tools (thermometer, ruler, stopwatch)
Recording data in tables and charts
Drawing conclusions based on results
Evaluating methods and identifying improvements
🔑 Keywords & Explanations:
Enquiry – Asking and answering scientific questions
Hypothesis – A testable prediction
Accuracy – How close measurements are to the correct value
Reliability – Consistency of results
Variable – Factors that can change in an experiment
Evaluation – Reviewing what worked and what didn’t
✅ Students learn:
To think scientifically, conduct accurate tests, and interpret results.
🧠 Summary of Learning Goals in Stage 6:
By the end of Stage 6, learners should be able to:
Classify living things and describe ecosystems and body systems
Use particle models to explain states and changes of matter
Separate mixtures and identify basic chemical properties
Understand basic forces, speed, energy, and motion
Use scientific methods to plan, conduct, and review investigations
