V ELLORE I NSTITUTE OF T ECHNOLOGY

D EPARTMENT OF M ATHEMATICS

Fall Semester 2025-26

Multivariable Calculus and Differential Equations
(BAMAT101)

Question Bank and Tutorial Sheet Book

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Course Coordinators
Dr. Mellacheruvu Naga Srinivasu
Dr. Peri Kameswara Kameswaran
Dr. Ankush Chanda

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 C ONTENTS
1 Question Bank 3
1.1 Module 1: Functions of Several Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Module 2: Multiple Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Module 3: Vector Differentiation and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Module 4: Ordinary Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Module 5: Partial Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Tutorial Sheets 13
2.1 Module 1: Functions of Several Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Module 2: Multiple Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Module 3: Vector Differentiation and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Module 4: Ordinary Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5 Module 5: Partial Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Question Bank and Tutorial Sheets are prepared by the faculties of Department of Mathematics,
School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore, India.

2
 1 QUESTION B ANK
1.1 M ODULE 1: F UNCTIONS OF S EVERAL VARIABLES
1. Find and classify all the critical points of f (x, y) = (3x + 4x 3 )(y 2 + 2y).
Ans: Critical points are (0, 0) and (0, −2), and both are saddle points.
du
2. If u = x log(x y), where x 3 + y 3 + 3x y = 1, then find dx .
du x(x 2 +y)
Ans: dx = (1 + log(x y)) − y(y 2 +x)

∂z ∂z
z = x 2 y − x sin x y, (ii) z = log x 2 + y 2 .
¡ ¢
3. Evaluate ∂x and ∂y , if (i)
Ans:
∂z ∂z
(i) ∂x = x 2 (1 − cos x y)), and ∂y = 2x y − x y cos x y − sin x y.
∂z 2x ∂z 2y
(ii) ∂x = x 2 +y 2
, and ∂y = x 2 +y 2
.
³ ´2 ³ ´
∂z ∂z ∂z ∂z
4. If z(x + y) = x 2 + y 2 , show that ∂x − ∂y = 4 1 − ∂x − ∂y .

∂z ∂z
5. If z = e ax+b y f (ax − b y), prove that b ∂x + a ∂y = 2abz..

6. The equation
that if u = Ae
∂u
∂t
−g x
2
01
= µ ∂∂xu2 refers to the conduction of heat along a bar without radiation, show
q
n
sin(nt − g x), where A, g , n are positive constants then g = 2µ
1
.

¢− 1
AT

du
7. If u = sin−1 (x − y), x = 3t and y = 4t 3 , show that = 3 1− t2 2 .
¡
dt
¡y¢ t du
8. If u = tan−1 x , where x = e − e
−t
and y = e t + e −t , then find dt .
M

−2
Ans: e 2t +e −2t

∂(u,v)
9. If x = e u cos v, y = e u sin v, find J = ∂(x,v) and J ′ . State what we observe from J J ′ .
BA

1
Ans: J = e 2u
and J ′ = e 2u . Further, J J ′ = 1.
∂(x,y)
10. If x = a cosh ξ cos η, y = a sinh ξ sin η, show that ∂(ξ,η) = 21 a 2 (cosh 2ξ − cosh 2η).

x+y ∂(u,v)
11. If u = 1−x y and v = tan−1 x + tan−1 y, find ∂(x,y) . Are u and v functionally related if so, find the
relationship.
Ans: They are functionally dependent. The relation is u = tan v.

12. Obtain Taylor’s series expansion of the maximum order for the function f (x, y) = x 2 +3y 2 −9x −
9y + 26 about the point (2, 2).
Ans: f (x, y) = 6 − 5(x − 2) + 3(y − 2) + (x − 2)2 + 3(y − 2)2 .

13. Obtain the second order Taylor’s series approximation to the function f (x, y) = x y 2 +y cos(x−y)
about the point (1, 1).
−x 2 +2x y+3y 2 −3x 2 y+6x y 2 +y 3
Ans: f (x, y) = 2 + (x + 3y) + 2! + 3! .

3
 p
14. Find the Linear, Quadratic and Cubic approximations of f (x, y) = 20 − x 2 − 7y 2 using Taylor’s
series expansion at the point P (2, 1).
Ans: Linear: f (x, y) = 3 − 32 (x − 2) − 73 (y − 1).
Quadratic: f (x, y) = 3 − 32 (x − 2) − 73 (y − 1) − 54
13
(x − 2)2 − 28 56 2
27 (x − 2)(y − 1) − 27 (y − 1) .
Cubic: f (x, y) = 3− 32 (x −2)− 73 (y −1)− 54
13
(x −2)2 − 28 56 2 37 3 154
27 (x −2)(y −1)− 27 (y −1) + 81 (x −2) + 27 (x −
2)2 (y − 1) + 686 2 686 3
27 (x − 2)(y − 1) + 27 (y − 1) .

15. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = x 3 + y 3 − 3ax y.

Ans: Local minimum value: −a 3 at (a, a). No local maximum value. The other critical points
are saddle points.

16. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = 2 x 2 − y 2 − x 4 + y 4 .

¡ ¢

Ans: Maximum value: 1 at (1, 0) and (−1, 0). Minimum value: −1 at (0, 1) and (0, −1).

17. Show that the perimeter of a triangle is constant the triangle has maximum area when it is
equatorial.

18. Find the maximum and minimum distances from origin to the curve 5x 2 + 6x y + 5y 2 − 8 = 0.
Ans: Maxima is 2, Minima is 1.
01
19. The temperature T at any point ( x, y, z ) in space is given by T = 400x y z 2 . Find the highest
temperature on the surface of the unit sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
1
Ans: Highest temperature is 50.
AT

20. Divide 24 into three parts such that the continued product of the first, square of the second and
cube of the third may be maximum.
M

Ans: x = 4, y = 8, z = 12. The Maximum value is 384.

1.2 M ODULE 2: M ULTIPLE I NTEGRALS

BA

x2
Î
1. Evaluate the double integral Re d xd y, where the region R is given by R : 2y ≤ x ≤ 2 and
0 ≤ y ≤ 1.
Ans: 41 (e 4 − 1)
R1R1 2
2. Evaluate the integral by changing the order of integration 0 x e y d yd x.
Ans: 21 (e − 1)
R 1 R y+4 2y+1
3. Change the order of integration and evaluate the integral 0 0 x+1 d xd y.
7
Ans: 2 + 20 log 5 − 18 log 6

R 1 R y 13 2
4. Change the order of integration and evaluate the integral 0 y e x d xd y.
Ans: 21 (e − 1)
R8R2 p
5. Change the order of integration 0
p
3 y x 4 + 1d xd y and evaluate it.
³ 3 ´
Ans: 61 17 2 − 1

4
 p
R a2 R a 2 −y 2
log x 2 + y 2 d xd y, (a > 0) by changing the order of integration.
¡ ¢
6. Evaluate the integral 0 0
³ ´
Ans: π6 a 2 log a − a2
2

7. Evaluate r 3 d r d θ, over the area included between the circles r = 2a cos θ and r = 2b cos θ,
Î

(b < a).
Ans: 3π
¡ 4 4
¢
2 a −b
p
RaR x ¡
8. Evaluate the integral 0 x a x 2 + y 2 d xd y by changing into polar coordinates.
¢
a

a3 a
Ans: 28 + 20

x y 2 d xd y where D : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4, x ≥ 0.
Î
9. Using polar coordinates, calculate D
Ans: 0
Ð
10. Evaluate the integral (x + y + z)d xd yd z over the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x =
0, y = 0, z = 0 and x + y + z = 1.
1
Ans: 8

Î q 2 y2 x2 y2
11. Evaluate the integral 1 − ax 2 − b 2 d xd y, boundary of R : + b 2 = 1 by changing into polar
coordinates.
Ans: 2πab
3
1 R
01 a2

12. Evaluate the integral R 1 − x 2 − y 2 d xd y, boundary of R: the square vertices (±1, 0), (0, ±1)
Î ¡ ¢
AT

change coordinates: x − y = u, x + y = v.
4
Ans: 3
M

Ð
13. Evaluate the triple integral T yd xd yd z, where T is the region bounded by the surfaces x =
y 2 , x = y + 2, 4z = x 2 + y 2 and z = y + 3.
BA

2511
Ans: 480

14. Find the volume of the region bounded by the paraboloid az = x 2 + y 2 and the cylinder x 2 + y 2 =
b 2 . Also find the integral in cases when a = 2 and b = 2.
πb 4
Ans: V = 2a and when a = 2 and b = 2, V = 4π.
y2
R2R 2 y
15. Evaluate the integral 0 0
p d xd y
x 2 +y 2 +1
5
Ans: 4 log 5 − 1

16. Evaluate the following integral by changing the order of the integration:
Z 4Z 20−4x
8−x
(4 − y) d yd x
4
2 x

Ans: 12 − 16 log 2

5
17. Evaluate the following integral by changing the order of the integration:
p
Z 1Z 2−x 2 x
p d yd x
0 x x2 + y 2
p
2
Ans: 1 − 2

triple integral to determine the volume of the region that is below z = 8 − x 2 − y 2 above
18. Use ap
z = − 4x 2 + 4y 2 and inside x 2 + y 2 = 4.
104
Ans: 3 π

19. Evaluate Ï
2
−y 2
xe x d xd y
D
where D is the closed region bounded by the lines y = x, y = x − 1, y = 0 and y = 1
Ans: 41 (e 3 − e) − 12

20. Change to polar co-ordinates and hence evaluate the integration

Ï
2x y d xd y
D 01
where D is the portion of the region between the circles of radius 2 and radius 5 centred at the
1
origin that lies in the first quadrant.
609
AT

Ans: 4

1.3 M ODULE 3: V ECTOR D IFFERENTIATION AND I NTEGRATION

M

1. Find the directional derivative of the function φ(x, y, z) = x 2 − y 2 + 2z 2 in the direction of the
vector 4iˆ − 2 jˆ + k̂ at the point(1, 2, 3).
BA

Ans: p28
21

2. Find the directional derivative of the function φ = x 2 y z + 4xz 2 at the point (1, −2, −1) in the
direction of the normal to the surface x log z − y 2 = 1 at the point (−1, 2, 1).
Ans: p14
17

3. If ⃗
f = 2x 2 z iˆ − 10x y z jˆ + 3x 2 z k̂, find ∇ · ⃗
f.
Ans: ∇ · ⃗
f =0

4. Find the constant a if the vector field ⃗

f = (x + 3y)iˆ + (y − 2z) jˆ + (x − az)k̂ is solenoidal.
Ans: a = 2

5. If ⃗
f = 3x 2 y − z iˆ + xz 3 + y jˆ − 2x 3 z 2 k̂, find ∇ × (∇ × ⃗
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
f ).
Ans: ∇ × (∇ × ⃗
f ) = −12x 2 z iˆ + (6x − 6xz) jˆ + 12xz 2 k̂.

6. a) If φ = x y z − 2x 2 z, find ∇ × (∇φ).
b) If ⃗
f = x y z 2 iˆ + x y 2 z jˆ + x 2 y z k̂, ∇ · (∇ × ⃗
f ).
Ans:

6
 a) ∇ × (∇φ) =⃗0
b) ∇ · (∇ × ⃗
f )=0

7. Show that the vector field ⃗

f = x 2 − y z iˆ + y 2 − zx jˆ + z 2 − x y k̂ is conservative (irrotational).
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢

8. Find the constants a, b, c such that the vector field ⃗ f = (x + 2y + az)iˆ + (bx − 3y − z) jˆ + (4x + c y +
2z)k̂ is irrotational. Hence find its scalar potential.
2 3y 2
Ans: a = 4, b = 2, c = −1 and the scalar potential is φ = x2 − 2 + z 2 + 2x y − y z + k.

9. Evaluate C ⃗ f · d r where ⃗
f = 3x y iˆ − y 2 jˆ and C is the part of the parabola y = 2x 2 from the origin
R

(0, 0) to the point (1, 2).

⃗
f · dr = −7.
R
Ans: C 6

10. If ⃗
f = 3x 2 − 2z iˆ − 4x y jˆ − 5x k̂, evaluate V (curl ⃗
¡ ¢ R
f )dV , where V is the volume of the region
bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 and 3x + 2y − 3z = 6.
Ans: (curl ⃗ f )dV = 6(− jˆ + k̂)
R
V

⃗ · n̂d S where F
⃗ = x 2 + y 2 iˆ − 2x jˆ + 2y z k̂ and S is the surface of the plane 2x + y +
Î ¡ ¢
11. Evaluate S F
2z = 6 in the first octant.
Ans: 81
Î
12. Evaluate S F ⃗ · n̂d S where F
included in the first octant between z = 0 and z = 5.
1 01
⃗ = z iˆ + x jˆ − 3y 2 z k̂ and S is the surface of the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = 16

Ans: 90
AT

⃗ = 2x 2 − 3z iˆ − 2x y jˆ − 4x k̂, then evaluate ⃗

¡ ¢ Ð
13. If F V ∇ · F dV where V is bounded by the planes
x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 4.
Ans: 83 .
M

⃗ = 2xz iˆ − x jˆ + y 2 k̂, then evaluate ⃗ dV where V is the region bounded by the surface
Ð
14. If F V ∇·F
BA

x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y = 6, z = x 2 , z = 4.
Ans: 128iˆ − 24 jˆ + 384k̂.

15. Verify Green’s theorem in plane for C 3x 2 − 8y 2 d x + (4y − 6x y)d y where C is the triangle
R ¡ ¢

formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x + y = 1.

16. Verify Green’s theorem for C x y + y 2 d x + x 2 d y where C is the closed curve formed by the line
R ¡ ¢

y = x and the parabola y = x 2 .

⃗ · n̂d S where F
⃗ = 2x y iˆ + y z 2 jˆ + xz k̂ and S is the
Î
17. Using Gauss divergence theorem, evaluate S F
surface of parallelepiped 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 3.
⃗ = x 2 + y 2 iˆ−2x y jˆ taken round the rectangle bounded by the lines
¡ ¢
18. Verify Stokes’ theorem for F
x = ±a, y = 0, y = b.

19. Verify Stokes’ theorem for the vector field F ⃗ = (2x − y)iˆ− y z 2 jˆ− y 2 z k̂ over the upper-half surface
of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, bounded by its projection on the x y-plane
⃗ ·d r by Stokes’ theorem where F ⃗ = y 2 iˆ+ x 2 jˆ−(x + z)k̂ and C is the boundary of the
R
20. Evaluate C F
triangle with vertices at (0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0).
1
Ans: 3

7
 1.4 M ODULE 4: O RDINARY D IFFERENTIAL E QUATIONS
1. Solve the following differential equations:
a)
d 2x dx
2
+3 + 2x = 0
dt dt

Ans: x(t ) = C 1 e −t +C 2 e −2t

b)
d2y dy
2
− 10 + 25y = 0
dx dx

Ans: y(x) = (C 1 +C 2 x)e 5x

d2y
2. Solve d x2
+ y = 0 given y = 2 for x = 0 and y = −2 for x = π2 .
Ans: y(x) = 2 cos x − 2 sin x

3. Solve l dd tθ2 + g θ = 0 given that θ = α, and dθ

2

dt = 0, when t = 0; g , l being positive numbers.

q
g
Ans: θ(t ) = α cos( l t )

d2x dx
4. If dt2
+ 4x = 0 and x = 3, dt
Ans: x(t ) = 3 cos 2t + 4 sin 2t . The maximum value of x is 5.
01
= 8 at t = 0, find x in terms of t . What is the maximum value of x?

d2y
1
dy
5. Use the method of undetermined coefficients, to solve the differential equation d x2
−4 d x +4y =
e 2x + cos 2x.
AT

2 2x
Ans: y(x) = (C 1 +C 2 x)e 2x + x e
2 − 18 sin 2x.

6. Solve using the method of undetermined coefficients 2x 2 y ′′ + 3x y ′ − 3y = x 3 .

M

3 3
x
Ans: y(x) = C 1 x +C 2 x − 2 + 18 .
BA

7. Solve using the method of variation of parameters y ′′ + 3y ′ + 2y = 2e x .

Ans: y(x) = C 1 e −x +C 2 e −2x + 13 e x .
2
8. Solve t 2 dd tx2 + t dd xt + 9x = log t by the method of variation of parameters.
log t
Ans: x(t ) = A cos(3 log t ) + B sin(3 log t ) + 9 .

d2y dy
9. Find the solution of the differential equation 2 d t 2 + d t − y = t + 1 by using variation of param-
eters subject to the initial conditions y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0.
t
Ans: y(t ) = 83 e 2 + 13 e −t − t − 2.
d2v
10. Solve the differential equation dr 2
+ r1 dd vr = 12
r2
log r.
Ans: v(r ) = 2(log r )3 +C 1 log r +C 2 .

11. Apply the method of variation of parameters to solve (D 2 + 4)y = 4 tan 2x.
Ans: y(x) = C 1 cos 2x +C 2 sin 2x − cos 2x log | sec 2x + tan 2x|.
d2y dy
12. Solve by the method of undetermined coefficients d x2
− 4 d x + 4y = x 3 e 2x + xe 2x .
Ans: y(x) = (C 1 +C 2 x)e 2x + ( 21 x 5 + 61 x 3 )e 2x .

8
 d2y dy
13. Using the method of variation of parameters, solve d x2
− 2 d x = e x sin x.
x
Ans: y(x) = C 1 +C 2 e 2x + e cos x
2 .

14. Solve t 2 x ′′ − 2t x ′ + 2x = t 2 + e −t .
Ans: y(t ) = C 1 t +C 2 t 2 + 8t2+1

15. An inductor of 2 henries, resistor of 16 ohms and capacitor of 0.02 farads are connected in
series with a battery of electromotive force E = 100 sin 2t . At t = 0, the charge on the capacitor
and current in the circuit are zero. Find the charge and current at t > 0.
Ans: q(t ) = e −4t 160 430
¡ ¢ 160 105
89 cos 3t + 267 sin 3t − 89 cos(2t ) + 89 sin(2t ).

16. A mass weight 16 pounds stretches a spring 83 feet. The mass is initially released from rest
from a point 2 feet below the equilibrium position, and the subsequent motion takes place in a
medium that offers a damping force numerically equal to one-half the instantaneous velocity.
Find the equation of motion if the mass is driven by an external force equal to f (t ) = 10 cos 3t .
Ans: The equation of motion: y ′′ + y ′ + 12y = 20 cos 3t with y(0) = 2, y ′ (0) = 0.
t
³ ³q ´ ³q ´´
The solution is: y(t ) = e − 2 − 43 cos 47
2 t − 64
p sin 47
2 t + 10 10
3 cos(3t ) + 3 sin(3t ).
3 47

17. The LCR-circuit equation, charge q(t ) on a plate of the condenser is given by
1
d 2q
dt 2
+2
dq
dt
01
+ q = 2 sin 2t

Find the charge q at time t , if initially q = 0 and t = 0. Also, interpret the results physically.
AT

¡ 8 4 ¢ −t 8 6
Ans: q(t ) = 25 + 5 t e − 25 cos(2t ) − 25 sin(2t ).

d2q dq dq
18. For the LCR circuit given by L d t 2 +R d t + C1 q = E (t ) where 2 d t (0) = q(0) = 0 and L = 1, R = 3,C =
M

0.5, E = 10δ(t ). Find the charge q(t ) and the resulting current i (t ) in the circuit.
Ans: q(t ) = 10e −t − 10e −2t and i (t ) = −10e −t + 20e −2t .
BA

19. Solve (x 2 D 2 − 3xD + 5)y = sin(log x).

¢ log x
Ans: y(x) = x 2 A cos(log x) + B sin(log x) − 2 cos(log x).
¡

d2y dy
20. Solve − 2 d x + 3y = x 3 + sin x by the method of undetermined coefficients.
d x2
p p ¢
Ans: y(x) = e x C 1 cos( 2x) +C 2 sin( 2x) + 13 x 3 + 32 x 2 + 92 x − 27
8
+ 41 cos x + 14 sin x.
¡

21. Apply the method of variation of parameters to solve (D 2 + 1)y = cosecx.

Ans: y(x) = C 1 y 1 +C 2 y 2 − x cos x + sin x log(sin x).

1.5 M ODULE 5: PARTIAL D IFFERENTIAL E QUATIONS

1. Find the general integral of the following differential equations using Lagrange method:
(i) (x 2 − y z)p + (y 2 − zx)q = z 2 − x y
x−y
Ans: f (y x + z y + xz, y−z ) = 0.
(ii) cos(x + y)p + sin(x + y)q = z
p
Ans: f (z 2 cot π8 + 2 , sin(x + y) + cos(x + y))e y−x = 0.
¡ x+y ¢ ¡ ¢

9
 (iii) (z 2 − 2y z − y 2 )p + x(y + z)q = x(y − z)
Ans: f (y 2 − z 2 − 2y z, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 0.
(iv) y 2 p − q x y = x(z − 2y)
Ans: f (x 2 + y 2 , y 2 − z y) = 0.
(v) x(y 2 − z 2 )p + y(z 2 − x 2 )q = z(y 2 − x 2 )
Ans: f (x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , x y z) = 0.
³ ´ ³ ´
y−z x−y
(vi) y z p + z−x
¡ ¢
zx q = xy

Ans: f (x + y + z, x y z) = 0.

2. Using the separation of variables, solve the equation 4 ∂u ∂u

∂x + ∂y = 3u and u(0, y) = e
−5y
.

Ans: u(x, y) = e 2x−5y .

3. Form a partial differential equation by elimination the arbitrary function from z = f (x 2 + y 2 +

z 2 ).
Ans: p(x + zq) = q(x + zp).

4. Solve p 2 + q 2 = npq.
³ p 2 ´
Ans: z = ax + a n± 2n −4 y + c. 01
5. Find the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants a, b, l from the re-
1
lation log(az − l ) = x + a y + b.
AT

Ans: p = aq.

6. Solve z(x + y)p + z(x − y)q = x 2 + y 2 .

M

(x+y)2 (x−y)2
³ ´
Ans: f x 2 − 2 , y 2 − 2 = 0.

7. Find the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary functions f and g from
BA

z = f (x 2 − y) + g (x 2 + y).

Ans: z xx = x1 z x + 4x 2 z y y .
³ ´
8. Solve ∂u
∂x + 2 ∂u
∂y = 0, if u(0, y) = 4e
−2y
.

Ans: u(x, y) = 4e −2y .

³ ´
9. Solve ∂u
∂t = ∂u
∂x − 2u, if u(x, 0) = 10e
−x
− 6e −4x .

Ans: u(x, t ) = 10e −x−3t − 6e −4x−6t .

³ ´
10. Solve ∂u
∂x = ∂u
∂y + u, if u(x, 0) = 3e
−5x
+ 2e −3x .

Ans: u(x, y) = 3e −5x−4y + 2e −3x−2y .

³ ´
11. Solve 3 ∂u
∂x + 2 ∂u
∂y = 0, if u(x, 0) = 6e
−2x
.

Ans: u(x, y) = 6e 3y−2x

10
12. Solve x y p + y 2 q = zx y − 2x 2 .
³ ´ ³ ´
Ans: z = 2 x+1y + f x x x
y e where f is an arbitrary function of y .

13. Solve z(z 2 + x y)(px − q y) = x 4 .

Ans: Complete Integral: z 4 + 2x y z 2 = x 4 +C

14. Find the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants h, k from the rela-
tion (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 − z 2 = λ2 .
Ans: z 2 (p 2 + q 2 + 1) = λ2 .

15. Formulate a partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants from the rela-
tion z = ax 2 + b y 2 .
Ans: xp + y q = 2z.

16. Find the complete and singular integrals of p 2 + q 2 = z 2 .

Ans: Complete Integral: z = C e ax+b y where a 2 + b 2 = 1.
Singular Integral: No singular integral exists.

17. By eliminating the arbitrary function ψ, find the partial differential equation from the relation
ψ(z − x − y) = x y.
Ans: x(p − 1) = y(q − 1).
1 01
18. Find the general integral of (x 2 y − zx 2 )p + (y 2 z − x y 2 )q = z 2 x − y z 2 .
AT

¡ y¢
Ans: ϕ xz , z = 0.

19. Find the complete integral of 2p − 3q = pq. Also, find complete and singular solution of z =
px + q y + p 2 q 2 .
M

Ans: Complete Integral: z = ax + b y + c, where ab = 2a − 3b.

Complete Integral: z = ax + b y + a 2 b 2 where a, b are arbitrary constants.
BA

¡ ¢ 1 2 2
Singular Integral: z = − 43 4 3 x 3 y 3 .

20. Obtain the partial differential equation by elimination the arbitrary function from φ(x 2 + y 2 +
z 2 , z 2 − 2x y) = 0.
Ans: (x + zp)(zq − x) = (y + zq)(zp − y)
³ ´
21. Solve 4 ∂u
∂x + ∂u
∂y = 3u, if u(0, y) = 3e
−y
− e −5y using the method of separation of variables.

Ans: u(x, y) = 3e x−y − e 2x−y

22. Find complete and singular integrals of q 2 = z 2 p 2 (1 − p 2 ).

Ans: Complete Integral: (x + a y + b)2 = z 2 − a 2 .
Singular Integral: z = 0.

23. Find the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary functions f and g from

z = f (x + at ) + g (x − at ).

Ans: z t t = a 2 z xx

11
24. Find the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants a, b, c from the fam-
ily of ellipsoids
x2 y 2 z2
+ + = 1.
a2 b2 c 2

Ans: xzp + y zq = z 2 − 1

1 01
AT
M
BA

12
 2 T UTORIAL S HEETS
2.1 M ODULE 1: F UNCTIONS OF S EVERAL VARIABLES
x 2 +3y 2
1. Find whether the functions u = ln x − ln y and v = 2x y are functionally related. If so, find the
relation between them.
e 2u +3
Ans: They are functionally related. The relation is given by v = 2e u

∂ f ∂ f ∂2 f ∂2 f ∂2 f
2. Find the partial derivatives ∂x , ∂y , ∂x 2 , ∂x∂y , ∂y 2 of the following functions:

(i) f (x, y) = x 2 y + y 3 sin x

(ii) f (x, y) = e x y + x cos y
(iii) f (x, y) = x 2 ln y
Ans:
(i) f x = 2x y +y 3 cos x, f y = x 2 +3y 2 sin x, f xx = 2y −y 3 sin x, f x y = 2x+3y 2 cos x, f y y = 6y cos x.
(ii) f x = ye x y + cos y, f y = xe x y − x sin y, f xx = y 2 e x y , f x y = e x y (1 + x y) − sin y, f y y = x 2 e x y −
x cos y.
x2 2
(iii) f x = 2x ln y, f y = y , f xx = 2 ln y, f x y = 2x
y , fyy = − xy 2 .

01
3. For the function z = x 2 y + ln(x y), find the total differential d z at a point where x > 0, y > 0.
Ans: d z = (2ab + a1 )d x + (a 2 + b1 )d y, where x = a, y = b, a > 0, b > 0.
1
∂(u,v)
4. Find the Jacobian of the following:
AT

∂(x,y)
(i) u = x + y, v = x − y.
(ii) u = x 2 + y 2 , v = x − y.
M

Ans:
∂(u,v)
(i) ∂(x,y) = −2.
BA

∂(u,v)
(ii) ∂(x,y) = −2x − 2y.

5. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = x y subject to
x 2 + y 2 = 1.
Ans:
Maximum value = 12 , minimum value = − 12 .

6. (i) Let f (x, y) = x 2 + x y + y 2 . Find and classify the critical points using the second derivative
test.
(ii) Find and classify the critical points of f (x, y) = x 3 − 3x y 2 .
(iii) Find the local extreme values of f (x, y) = 3y 2 − 2y 3 − 3x 2 + 6x y.
(iv) Determine whether the function f (x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y + 13 has a local minimum,
maximum, or saddle point.
Ans:
(i) Local minimum at (0, 0).
(ii) Saddle point at (0, 0).

13
 (iii) Local maximum value: 8 at (2,2), Saddle point: (0, 0).
(iv) Local minimum at (2, 3), value is 0.

7. Find the points on the ellipse x 2 + 2y 2 = 1, where f (x, y) = x y has its extreme values.
Ans: µ ¶ µ ¶
1 1 1 1
±p , , ±p ,−
2 2 2 2
.

8. Let ( x y(x 2 −y 2 )
x 2 +y 2
, (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
∂f ∂f
(a) Show that ∂y (x, 0) = x and ∂x (0, y) = −y + y.
(b) Show that
∂2 f ∂2 f
(0, 0) ̸= (0, 0).
∂x∂y ∂y∂x
.

9. Find the maximum value of

f (x, y) = 49 − x 2 − y 2
on the line x + 3y = 10.
1 01
Ans: The maximum value of f (x, y) is 39.
AT

10. Use Taylor’s formula for f (x, y) = xe y at the origin to find quadratic and cubic approximations
of f near the origin.
x y2
Ans: Quadratic approximation = x + x y, and cubic approximation = x + x y + 2 .
M

2.2 M ODULE 2: M ULTIPLE I NTEGRALS

BA

x 2 d x d y, where R is the two-dimensional region bounded by the curves y = x and

RR
1. Evaluate R
y = x 2.
1
Ans: 20 .

x2 y2
(x + y)2 d xd y over the area bounded by the ellipse
RR
2. Evaluate a2
+ b 2 = 1.
π
Ans: 4 ab(a + b 2 ).
2

R∞R x
3. Change the order of integration 0 0 e −x y y d y d x.
p
π
Ans: 2 .

R∞R x −x 2
4. Evaluate the integral 0 0 xe y d x d y by changing the order of integration.
Ans: 21 .
R 1 R p2−x 2
5. Evaluate the following integral by changing to polar coordinates 0 x (x + 2y) d y d x.
p
2(1 + 2)
Ans: .
3
R p3 R x
6. Evaluate the following integral by changing to polar coordinates 1 1 d y d x.
p
Ans: 2 − 3.

14
 R 3 R p9−x 2 R p9−x 2
7. Evaluate the integral 0 0 0 d z d y d x.
Ans: 18.
R 1 R 1−x R 1−x−y
8. Evaluate the integral 0 0 0 x y d z d y d x.
1
Ans: 720 .

9. Find the volume of the cylindrical column standing on the area common to the parabolas y 2 =
x, x 2 = y, and cut off by the surface z = 12 + y − x 2 .
569
Ans: 140 .

10. Find the volume bounded by the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and the planes y + z = 2a and z = 0.
Ans: 2πa 3 .

2.3 M ODULE 3: V ECTOR D IFFERENTIATION AND I NTEGRATION

1. Find the directional derivative of the scalar function ϕ = x y z in the direction of the outer nor-
mal to the surface z = x y at the point (3, 1, 3).
Ans: D n φ = − 27
11 .

2. Find the directional derivative of ϕ = x y + y z + zx at (1, 2, 0) in the direction of iˆ + 2 jˆ+ 2k̂. Find
also its maximum value.

− ¡
p
Ans: 14.
→
01 →
− ³ → −´ →
− ³ →
−´
3. If F = x 2 − y 2 + 2xz iˆ+(xz − x y + y z) jˆ+ z 2 + x 2 k̂, then find ∇· F , ∇ ∇ · F , ∇× F , ∇· ∇ × F ,
¢
1
¡ ¢
³ →
−´
and ∇ × ∇ × F at the point (1, 1, 1).
AT

Ans:
→
−
a) ∇ · F = 6
³ → −´
b) ∇ ∇ · F = −2iˆ + 2k̂
M

→
−
c) ∇ × F = iˆ + 5k̂
BA

³ →
−´
d) ∇ · ∇ × F = 0
³ →−´
e) ∇ × ∇ × F = iˆ + k̂
→
− ¡
4. Prove that F = y 2 cos x + z 3 iˆ+(2y sin z −4) jˆ+ 3xz 2 k̂ is irrotational and find its scalar poten-
¢ ¡ ¢

tial.
Ans: φ(x, y, z) = y 2 sin x + z x − 4y + c is the scalar potential.

5. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for C 3x 2 − 8y 2 d x+(4y −6x y)d y, where C is the boundary
H ¡ ¢

of the region defined by x = 0, y = 0, x + y = 1.

Ans: Both the values are equal to 35 .

6. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for C x 2 + 2x y d x + y 2 + x 3 y d y, where C is the square

H ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢

with vertices P (0, 0),Q(1, 0), R(1, 1) and S(0, 1).

Ans: Both the values are equal to − 21 .
→
−
7. Verify Stoke’s theorem for F = (y − z + 2)ı̂ − (y z + 4) jˆ − xz k̂ over the surface of a cube x = 0, y =
0, z = 0, x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 above the X OY plane.
Ans: Both the values are equal to −4.

15
 8. Evaluate C x yd x + x y 2 d y , by Stokes’s theorem where C is the square in the x y-plane with
H ¡ ¢

vertices (0, 1), (1, 0), (−1, 0), (0, −1).

Ans: 43 .

ax 2 + b y 2 + cz 2 d S over the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 using the Divergence theorem.

Î ¡ ¢
9. Evaluate S
Ans: (a + b + c) 4π
3 .

⃗ = x 2 − y z ı̂ + y 2 − zx ȷ̂ + z 2 − x y k̂ taken over the rectangular

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
10. Verify divergence theorem for F
parallelepiped 0 ≤ x ≤ a, 0 ≤ y ≤ b, 0 ≤ z ≤ c.
Ans: Both the values are equal to abc(a + b + c).

2.4 M ODULE 4: O RDINARY D IFFERENTIAL E QUATIONS

1. Find the general solution of the differential equation:

y ′′ − 4y ′ + 5y = 0.

Ans: y(x) = c 1 e 2x cos x + c 2 e 2x sin x.

2. Find the solution of the differential equation given y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0:

1 01
y ′′ + y ′ − 6y = 0.

Ans: y(x) = 53 e 2x + 52 e −3x .

AT

3. Find the particular solution of:

y ′′ − 3y ′ − 4y = 2 sin x.
5 3
M

Ans: y(x) = − 17 sin x + 17 cos x.

4. Find the particular solution of:

BA

y ′′ − 3y ′ − 4y = −8e x cos 2x.

10 x 2 x
Ans: y(x) = 13 e cos 2x + 13 e sin 2x.

5. Find the particular integral by using the method of undetermined coefficients:

x
4y ′′ − 4y ′ + y = 16e 2 .
x
Ans: y(x) = 2x 2 e 2 .

6. Find all solutions of:

y ′′ + y = 2 sin x sin 2x.

Ans: y(x) = c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x + x2 sin x − 14 sin x sin 2x.

7. Find the particular integral of:

π π
y ′′ + y = sec x for − <x< .
2 2

Ans: y(x) = cos x log(cos x) + x sin x.

16
 8. Solve the Cauchy-Euler equation:
x 2 y ′′ + x y ′ + y = 0.

Ans: y(x) = c 1 cos(log |x|) + c 2 sin(log |x|), x ̸= 0.

9. Solve the Cauchy-Euler equation:

x 2 y ′′ + 2x y ′ − 6y = 0.

Ans: y(x) = c 1 x −3 + c 2 x 2 .

10. A body weighing 20 kg is hung from a spring. A pull of 40 kg stretches the spring by 10 cm . The
body is pulled 20 cm below the equilibrium position and released. Find the displacement y(t )
at time t , and the period of oscillation.
Ans: y(t ) = 0.2 cos(14t ), Period = π7 .

2.5 M ODULE 5: PARTIAL D IFFERENTIAL E QUATIONS

1. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants from

(x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = z 2 cot2 α.

Ans: p 2 + q 2 = tan2 α.
1 01
2. Form a partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function
AT

φ(x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , ax + b y + c z) = 0.

x + zp a + cp
M

Ans: = .
y + zq b + cq
p p p
BA

3. Solve the partial differential equation given by p x + q y = z.

¡p p p p ¢
Ans: φ x − y, y − z = 0.

4. Solve the partial differential equation given by (y 2 )p − x y q = x(z − 2y).

Ans: φ(y z − y 2 , x 2 + y 2 ) = 0.

5. Solve the partial differential equation given by xp − y q = y 2 − x 2 .

Ans: z = k log(x y) − 12 (x 2 + y 2 ) + c.

6. Solve the partial differential equation given by p 2 + q 2 = npq.

h p i
Ans: z = ax + a2 n ± n 2 − 4 y + c.

7. Solve the PDE by separation of variables method,

∂
u xx = u y + 2u, u(0, y) = 0, u(0, y) = 1 + e −3y .
∂x
p
Ans: u(x, y) = p1 sinh( 2x) + e −3y sin x.
2

17
 ∂2 u
8. Solve the partial differential equation given by ∂x 2
− ∂u
∂y = 0.
2
Ans: u(x, y) = c 1 e −p y (c 2 cos px + c 3 sin px).

9. Solve the equation by the method of separation of variables:

∂2U ∂U
= + 2U .
∂x 2 ∂y
h p p i
Ans: U = Ae (2+k)x + B e − (2+k)x e k y where A = C 1C 3 and B = C 1C 2 .

10. Consider the second order partial differential equation

au xx − bu t + cu = 0, (1)

where a, b, and c are constants.

a) Let u(x, t ) = e δt w(x, t ), where δ is constant, and find the corresponding partial differential
equation for w.
b) If b ̸= 0, show that δ can be chosen so that the partial differential equation found in part
a) has no term in w. Thus, by a change of dependent variable, it is possible to reduce

Ans:
1 01
Equation (1) to the equation of the form: w t = K w xx . Also, find the value of K .

a) aw xx − bw t + (c − bδ)w = 0.
c
b) δ = if b ̸= 0, K = ba .
AT

b
M
BA

18