!

= nf]ssyf M jf ufpFsf] syf

– lszf]/ ;'Aaf -lnDa'_
;|f]t M lj/jxfb'/ /fO{

plxNo} dfyL n]sdf Pp6f ufpF lyof] /] . Pslbg Pp6f

7"nf] ;k{ lglSnP5 . Tof] ;k{nfO{ df/]/ cf]/fnf] lt/ tfGbf dl/uP
g;lsg] . psfnf] tfGbf ;lhnf] tflgYof] /] . dfyL 8fF8fdf nu]/
kmfn]5g\ /] . ;k{ kfn]sf] 7fpFdf kf]v/L algP5 /] . cln kl5
ufpFdf 3'Db} 3'Db} hf]uL cfOk'u]5g\ /] . lt
hf]uLnfO{ a]n'sL s;}n] klg af; lbPg5g\ . cln dfyL 8fF8fdf
Pp6f 3/df af]h" / @ hgf gftL /x]5g\ . ltgn] hf]uLnfO} af;
lbP5g\ . hf]uLn] ef]nL laxfg hfg] a]nfdf eg]5g\ . of] ufpFdf
ca klx/f] hfG5 . ltdLx? of] ufpF 5f8]/ hfg' eg]5g\ . ;fFRr} lt
af]h" gftLx?n] ufpF 5f]8]/ uP5g\ . ;fFr} cln kl5 ufpF g} ;a}
aufpg] ul/ klx/f] uP5 . w]/} kl5 Tof] @ dWo]sf] Pssf] ;Gtfg
vf]nf kf/L uP/ a;]5g\ . Tof] vf]nf kf/L ufpFdf a:g] ;Gtfgsf]
Pp6L r]nL c;fWo} ;'Gb/L /lx5g\ . Tof] ;'Gb/LnfO{ ag9]jf -
ab]nn]_ ckx/0f u/]/ h+un nfu]5 / lax] u/]5g\ . cln kl5 Pp6f
l;sf/L l;sf/ v]Nb} v]Nb} h+undf cfOk'u]5 . Pslbg Tof]
;'Gb/L;Fu e]6 eP5 . ;'Gb/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ ag9]jfn] ckx/0f u/]/
NofPsf] s'/f ;'gfPl5g\ . l;sf/Ln] Tolx h+und cUnf] l;dnsf] ?
vnfO{ cfkm\gf] zlStn] ;fgf] agfP/ ?v dfly r9\g] / ;'/Iffsf] nflu
l;dnsf] ?vdf sfF8} sfF8f pdf/]/ a:g] ug{ yfn]5g\ .
lzsf/Ln] ;'Gb/L;+u a9]jf stfaf6 cfpF5g\ . stf stf
hG5g\ ;a} ;f]w]5g\ . ag9]jfn] dfG5]sf] uGw yfxf kfP/
;'Gb/LnfO{ oxfF sf] cfPsf] lyof] eg]/ ;f]lw vf]hL
u/]5g\ . ;'Gb/Ln] ag9]jfnfO{ sf]lx klg cfPsf] 5}g eGg] ljZjf:t
agfOl5g\ . lzsf/Ln] kf;f] yfk]/ wg'sf0fn] xfg]/
ag9]afnfO{ df/]5g\ . lzsf/Ln] ;'Gb/L;Fu ljx] u/]5g\ . ufpFn]n]
5f]/L HjfOFnfO{ Tof] kf/L klx/f]df 7fpF pvDafdf uP/ ufpF
a;fpg' eg]/ k7fP5g\ . ufpFn]n] eg] cg';f/ lzsf/L /
p;sL :jf:gLn] Tof] kl/f]df pv'jf ul/ al:t a;fP5g\ . clxn] klg ;f]
ufpFsf] gfd pv'jfaf6 cke|+z e} jf ufpF eGg] rng /x]5 .

@= nf]ssyf M ;'aLp r/sf] syf

;+sng M lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M nLnfb]jL /fO{

Psfb]zdf cfdf d/]sL 6'x'/Lsf] gfd ;'aL lyP5 .

afpn] ;fgLcfdf NofPsf] /x]5 . ;fgLcfdfn] ;fx|} x]nf ug]{ s'6\g]
ubf]{/x]5 . ;fgLcfdfn] ;'aLnfO{ 3/sf] sfd ug{ nufP/ 3fF; bfp/f
ug{ h+un hfg] ubf]{ /x]5 . h+unaf6 NofPsf]
Rofp ;'sfP/ ;'aLnfO{ x]g{ nufpFbf] /x]5 . laxfg w]/} ;'sfP/
uPsf] Rofp a]n'sf yf]/} b]Vbf l/;n] ;fgLcfdfn] lbge/L Rofp
s:nfO{ afFl8; eGb} s'6\g] ubf]{ /x]5 . hlt Wofg lbP/ uf]7fnf]
a;] klg laxfg w]/} ;'sfsf] Rofp a]n'sf yf]/} e}hfg] . lar/f ;'aL
Rofp s;/L 36\of] yfxf kfpFlbg lyP5 . ;fgLcfdfsf] 8/n] ;'aL s]x:
a]Ng klg ;Sb}g lYfP5 . r'krfk s'6fO vfg] uy]{5 . ;fgLcfdfn]
l/;sf] emf]+sdf Pslbg t ;fx|} s'l6xfn]5 . ;fgLcfdfsf]
s'6fOn] ;'aL d/]5 . ;'aL d/]kl5 Rofp ;'sfpg ;fgLcfdf cfkm}
a;]5 . laxfg w]/} ;'sfsf] Rofp a]n'sf ;'s] kl5 cfkm} yf]/} ePsf]
b]v]/ ;fgLcfdfnfO{ ;'aL df/]sf]df k5'tf] nfu]5 / r/f
ag]/ ;'aLp ;'aLp eGb} af]nfpFb} ?b} u/]5 .
;'Gg]n] nfpnf ;'gsf] dfnf . eGg]n] km"nsf] dfnf . of] syf
a}s'07 hfnf . eGg] a]nf km'?km'? cfpFnf ==.

-clxn] klg ufpF 3/df ;'aLp r/f kfOG5 ._

#= nf]ssyf M lkmi6f / /fhf

;+sng M lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M l/vLdfof lnDa'

Psfb]zdf Pp6f lkm:6f r/f lyof] /] . Tof] lkm:6f /fhfsf]

b/af/ glhs}sf] ?vdf a;]/ /fhfeGbf d wlg /fhf eGbf d wlg eGbf]
/}5 . Ps lbg x}g . b'O{ lbg x}g . aiff}{ e};s]5 . Ps lbg
/fhf /fhsfhsf ljljw ;d:ofx?sf sf/0f tgfadf al; /x]sf /x]5g\ . Tolx
a]nf lkmi6f r/f ;w}+ em} glhs}sf] ?vdf cfP/ /fhf eGbf d
wlg /fhf eGbf d wlg eGb} s/fpg yfn]5 . tgfadf ePsf
/fhfnfO{ ;fx|} l/; p7]5 . /fhfn] sd{rf/L / ef/bf/x?nfO{ Tof]
lkmi6f r/fnfO{ lhpFbf] of d/]sf] ;dfP/ Nofpg cx|fP5g\ . ;a}
hgf ldn]/ lkmi6f r/fnfO{ v]bfpg yfn]5g\ . v]bfpFbf v]bfpFbf
lkmi6fnfO{ df/]/ ;dfP/ /fhf sxfF k'¥ofP5g\ . /fhfsf] 5]pdf k'Ug
;fy d/]sf] lkmi6fn] /fhf lhpFbf] d d/]sf] eGg yfn]5 .
/fhfnfO{ emg l/; p7]5 . /fhfn] ef/bf/x?nfO{ d/]sf]
lkmi6fnfO{ 6'qmf 6'qmf agfpg nufP5g\ . 6'qmf 6'qmf ePsf]
lkmi6fn] km]/L /fhf Pp6f d w]/} eGb} s/fpg yfn]5 . /fhfnfO{
emg l/; p7]5 / /fhfn] lkmi6fsf] 6'qmf 6'qmf df;' ksfpg nufP5
. kfs]sf] lkmi6fsf] df;'n] eg]5 /fhf sfFrf] d kfs]sf] . ca
/fhfnfO{ vlkg;Sg' eP5 . kfs]sf] lkmi6fsf] df;' /fhfn] vfOlbP5 .
vfO;Sg ljlQSs} e"F8L leqaf6 lkmi6fn] /fhf aflx/ d leq eg]5 .
clt eP/ /fhfn] ef/bf/x?nfO{ n ltdLx? t/af/ lnP/ a; d xU5' . Tof]
lkmi6f lgSnLg lalQSs} Rjf§} kfg'{ eg]5g\ . /fhf xUg a;]5g\
clg ef/bf/x? t/af/ lnP/ a;]5g\ . /fhfn] xUg lalQSs} ef/bf/x?n]
cf;] kf;] /fhfsf] rfs tf;] eGb} Rjf§} kfb{ lkmi6f p8]/ uOuP5
/fhfsf] rfs kf] Rjf§} kf/]5g\ /] .
;'Gg]nfO{ ;'gsf] dfnf eGg]nfO{ km"nsf] dfnf . of] syf
a}s'07 hfnf . eGg] a]nf km'?km'? cfpnf .
$= Gf'g vfg] km6\ofª\u|f
lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M df};d lnDa'

Psfb]zdf Pp6f 8fF8f3/] eGg] dfG5] lyof] /] . Tolx

ufpFdf csf]{ afF;3/] klg a:Yof] /] . 8fF8f3/ ufpFsf] lhDjfn
lyof] . afF;3/] ;fx|} sGh'; lyof] . lbg lbg} 8fF8f3/]sf]df g'g
dfUg hfg] uYof]{ . Pslbg x}g . b'O{ lbg x}g . dlxgf} . aif}
{ eP5 . 3/fgaf6 rf/ kfFr lbg nufP/ af]s]/ NofPsf] g'g' lbgx'F
lb+g' k/] kl5 8fF8f3/]n] Pslbg h'lSt nufP5 . dgdg}
afF;3/]nfO{ l7s nufpg] h'lSt lvofpFb} a;]sf]5 . ;w} em}+
eft vfg] a]nf afF;3/] g'g dfUg cfP5 . 8fF8f3/]n]
afF;3/]nfO{ eg]5 . x]/ afF;3/] ;w} dfu]/ rNb}g . ca a? t
cfkm} g'g /f]k / kmnfP/ vfFbf] vf . vfOg;s]sf] a]r eg]5 .
sGh'; afF;3/]nfO{ klg 8fF8f3/]sf] s'/f l7s nfu]5 . s;/L /f]Kg]
eg]/ ;f]w]5 . ef]nL kN6 8fF8f3/];Fu g'g ;fk6L nu]/ eg]
adf]lhd afp 5f]/f ldn]/ v]t vg]5 / ;fnsf] kftdf g'g kf]sf]
kf/]/ /f]k]5 clg g'g /f]k]sf] 7fpFdf Pp6f l;Gsf] klg uf8]5 . ptf
8fF8f3/] rfFlx afF;3/]n] slta]nf g'g /f]lk;Snf eg]/ a]nf a]nf
8fF8faf6 x]bf]{ /x]5 . ;fFem;Dd g'g /f]lk ;s]/ afF;3/]sf kl/jf/
a]n}df ;'t]5g\ . ptf 8fF8f3/]n] eg] lbpF;} lhpFbf] km6\ofª\u|
fx? e]nf u/]sf] /x]5 . ;fFem afF;3/]n] /f]k]sf] g'g
lgsfNb} ;fnsf] kftdf km6\ofª\u|f kf]sf] kfb}{ h:tfsf] t:t}
l;Gsf] uf8]/ ;a} g'g lems]/ NofP5 . ef]lnljxfg ;vf/} afF;3/] g'g
/f]k]sf] v]tdf g'gsf] 6';f] knfof] xf]nf eGb} x]g{ uP5 . v]tdf
k'Ug ;fy l;Gsf] kmf]+bdf x]bf{ g'gsf] 6';f] gb]v]kl5
afF;3/]n] l;Gsf]sf] km]+bdf sf]6\ofP/ x]/]5 . ;fnsf] kftsf]
kf]sf] klg km'sfP/ x]/]5 . ;fnsf] kftsf] kf]sf] vf]Nbf t km6\ofª\
u|f kf] pk|m]/ uP5 . P==af== g'g /f]k]/ pd|]nf, kmNnf
eGof] t g'g vfg] km6\ofª\u|f . afF;3/] xTtf/ 3/df uP/ afp 5f]/f
8fF8f3/]sf]df uP/ ;a} s'/f ;'gfP5g\ . ca s] ug]{ xf]nf
eg]/ ;Nnfxf dfu]5g\ . 8fF8f3/]n] km6\ofª\u|f dfg]{ wg' jfF0f
agfpg] / dfg{ hfFbf af]Ng gx'g] ;Nnfxf lbP5 . clg afF;3/]sf
afp 5f]/fn] wg' afF0f agfP/ ;a} kl/jf/ g} v]tdf km6\ofª\u|f
5]s]/ dfg{ uP5g\ . v]tdf uP/ l;Gsf]sf] km]+bdf sf]6\ofP/
g'g /f]k]sf] ;fnsf] kftsf] kf]sf] lgsfn]/ kf]sf] vf]n]5 . kf]sf]af5
Pp6f km6\ofª\u|f lglSnP/ afF;3/]sf] 5ftLdf a;]5 . ca af]Ng'
x'Gg eg]sf]5 8fF8f3/]n] . afF;3/]nfO{ k/]5 km;fb . clg gxlNn
sg gaf]nL lj:tf/} ;';]n]/ 5f]/f]nfO{{ cfkm\gf] 5ftLdf ePsf]
km6\ofª\u|f b]vfP5 . 5f]/fn] klg xNnf gul/ cln glhs uP/ /fd|f]
tfs]/ tGsfP/ wg' jfF0fn] km6\ofª\u|fnfO{ xfg]5 . km6\ofª\u|f
pk|m]/ uP5 t/ afF;3/] eg] 7fpFsf] 7fpF eP5 .
%= nf]ssyf M Aofwf / d[u
lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M nfnaxfb'/ /fO{
Psfb]zdf Pp6f Aofwf lyof] . Aofwfn] jgdf kf;f] yfKf]/ lzsf/
dfg]{ uYof]{ . Ps lbg Aofwfn] yfk]sf] kf;f]df Pp6f d[u kf/]5 .
kf;f]df k/]sf] d[u ePsf] af6f] eP/ :ofn st} hfFb} lyof] .
d[un] :ofnnfO{ ljlGt u/]5 . nf}g hDd" dlGq dnfO{ kf;f]af6
5'6fpg'; . dnfO{ arfpg'; eg]/ u'xf/ dfu]5 . :ofnn] x'G5 d 5b}
5' lg lsg lrGtf u5f}{ . d kf;f] sf6\g] dfG5] af]]nfP/ cfpF5'
eg]/ uP5 . Psl5g kl5 t]lx af6f] xF'b} sfu cfOk'u]5 . d[un]
sfunfO{ klg ljlGt u/]5 . nf}g dnfO{ Aofwfn] kf;f]df kf¥of] .
dnfO{ of] kf;f]af6 5'6fOlbg'; . x'g t cl3 hDd" dlGq klg olx
af6f] hfFb} x'g'x'GYof] . jxfFnfO{ klg ljlGt u/]sf] lyPF . jxfF
klg kf;f] sf6\g] dfG5] af]nfpg' hfg' ePsf]5 . sfun] x]Tt]/Lsf
Tof] hDd" :ofn sxfFsf] kf;f] sf6\g] dfG5] af]nfpg' hfGYof] .
Tof] t Pt} st} n's]/ e/] Aofwfn] kf;f] sf6]/ d[usf] cGb|f e"F8L
x•L v'•L vfg kfOPnf eg]/ 9's]/ af;L /v]sf] xf]nf . a? n' ca
d}n] hfg]sf] 5' h'lSt . d klxn] Tof] Aofwfsf] 3/df hfG5' . Tof]
Aofwf 3/af6 lx+8] kl5 d cl3 cl3 cfpF5' . ltdL d/] h:tf] ug'{ .
d sfgdf 7'Ë] h:tf] u5'{ . Aofwf cfP/ kf;f] sf6]/ :ofpnf sf6g\
yfN5 . Tof] a]nf kmfn xfGg' eg]/ ;Nnfxf u/]/ sfu e'?? p8]/
Aofwfsf] 3/ uP5 . geGb} Aofwf 3/af6 kf;f] x]g'{ eg]/
afDkmf]s le/]/ 3/af6 lx+8\g nfu]sf] /x]5 . sfu cl3 cl3 Aofwf
kl5 kl5 kf;f]df k/]sf] d[usf] glhs cfOk'Ug] a]nf sfu xTTff/ cfP/
d[unfO{ d/] h:tf] ul/ ;'Tg nfuP5 . clg sfun] sfgdf 7'Ë] h:tf]
ug{ yfn]5 . Aofwfn] P n' d[u k/]/ dl/ ;s]5 . sfun] kf] vfg
yfln;s]5 eg]/ xTTff/ sfunfO{ nv]6]5 . sfu ?v dflyaf6 x]l/a;]5 .
Aofwfn] d[unfO{ kf;f]af6 lgsfn]/ sf6s'6 ug{nfO{ :ofpnf sf6\
g yfn]5 . dfyLaf6 sfun] sfu sfu sfu u/]/ ;"rgf lbP kl5 d[u p7]/
kmfn xfGb} efu]5 . Aofwfn] xTt g kTt d[u efu]sf] lt/
afDkmf]ssf] eml§ xflg k7fP5 . kf]y|fdf n'ls a;sf] :ofnsf]
6fpsf]df nfu]/ :ofn kf] 7fpFsf] 7fpF eP5 .
;'Gg]nfO{ ;'gsf] dfnf
eGg]nfO{ k"mnsf] dfnf
of] syf a}s'G7 hfnf .
eGg] a]nf v'?v? cfpnf .

^= nf]ssyf M g/l;+x eQm

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M nfnaxfb'/ /fO{

plxn] Pp6f e}+;L uf]7fn] lyP5 . p:fnfO{ g/l;+xsf] 7"nf]

eQm x'g dg nfu]5 . sxfF 5 t g/l;+x eg]/ ;f]lw vf]hL
u/]5 . :ju{df 5 eGg] yfxf kfP kl5 :ju{ lt/ nfu]5 . hfFbf
hfFbf :ju{ k'u]/ g/l;+x /fhfsxfF k'u]5 . g/l;+x /fhfn] lsg cfof}
t eg]/ ;f]Wbf d xh'/sf] 7"nf] eQm x'g rfxfG5' . 7"nf] eQm
x'g d}n] s] ug'{ k5{ eg]/ ;f]w]5 . n' t];f] eP ltdLn] g/l;+x
g/l;+x eGg' eg]/ tLg lbg l;sfP/ k7fP5 . e}+;L uf]7fn] Psf]xf]/
nfu]/ g/l;+x g/l;+x eg]sf] eg]s} ubf]{ /}5 . e}+;L /x]5 t;'{jf
. b'x'g' a;]sf] uf]7fn]n] g/l;+x g/l;+x elg a:bf e}+;L t;]{/
nTtfn] xfg]/ n8fP/ efu]5 . uf]7fn]n] s] eGg' s] eGg' lj;]{5 .
p7]/ x]bf{ t k/af6 e}+;L kf] cfFvf km'sfn]/ l;+x 7f8f] 7f8f]
kf/]/ x]l//xsf] /x]5 . e}+;Lsf] l;+x e}+;Lsf l;+x eGg yfn]5 .
Psf]xf]/f] nfu]/ e}+;Lsf] l;+x eg]sf] ysf]{ a]nf a]nf dfly g/l;
+x /fhfsf]df k'Ubf] /x]5 . g/l;+x /fhf d';'d';' d';'d';' xfF:bf]
/x]5 . Pslbg g/l;+x /fgLn] /fhf PSn} xfF;L a;]sf] b]v]5 . /
/fhf;Fu ;f]w]5 . lsg xfF:g' ePsf] dxf/fh eg]/ /fgL ;f]w]5 .
/fhfn] s]lx klg xf]Og eg]/ 6f/]5 . tn uf]7fn] rfFlx Psf]xf]/f] e}
+;Lsf] l;+x eg]sf] eg]s}5 . af]n a]nf ;'g]/ g/l;+x /fhf d'';'d';'
d';'d';' xf;]sf] /fgLn] km]/L b]lvg . Tof] lbg rflx /fgLn] xTt]
xfn]/ n' lsg PSn} xfF:g' x'G5 dxf/fh eGg'xf]; eg]5 . dxf/fhfn]
km]/L klg s]lx klg xf]Og . d t]lts} xfF;sf] eg]/
6fg{ vf]h]5 . /fgLn] n' ;To] s'/f eGg' x'G5 ls d olx xTt] xfn'd
eg]/ /fgLn] xTt] g} xflnl5g\ . n' t];f] eP ;'g . Pp6f uf]7fn
cfsf] lyof] . g/l;+x /fhsf] 7"nf] eQm x'F eGYof] . g/l;+x g/l;
+x eGg'' x} eg]/ l;sfP/ k7fsf] . t]:sf] e}+;L t;]{/ nf8fof] .
uf]7fn]n] g/l;+x eGg' lj;]{/ k/ af6 l;+x 7f8f] kf/]/ x]/L /x]sf]
b]v]/ e}+;Lsf] l;+x e}+:fLsf] l;+x eGg yfNof] . Tof] ;'g]/
dnfO{ xfF;f] nfU5 . x'g' t Tof] d]/} eQm xf] eg]5 . nf} Tof]
uf]7fn] sxfF 5 t < s:tf] rfFlx 5 t < n' d klg x]5'{ s:tf] /x]5 .
eg]/ /fgLn] /fhfnfO{ ljGtL u/]5 . To x}g sxfF Tof] uf]7fn]
clxn] Psf] e} /x]sf] 5 . clxn] t]:n] s] kf] eGg] xf] . Tof] t
Psf]xf]/f] nfu]sf] 5 . c? s;}n] eg]sf] s]lx ;'Gb}g eg]5 . /fgLn]
xTt] u/] kl5 n' d rfFlx To:fsf] 5]pdf hfFlbg k/}af6 x]5' eg]5 .
geGb} g/l;+x /fhf /fgL uf]7df k'Ubf Psf]xf]/f] g/l;+x g/l;+x
eGb} /x]5 . g/l;+x /fhf rfFlx uf]7sf] 5]pdf t?n vGg]sf]
vfN8fdf n's]/ a;]5 . /fgLn] uf]7fn]sf 5]pdf uP/ xfp uf]7fn]
bfO{ eg]5 ;'Gb}g . xfp uf]7fn] bfO{ eGof] ;'Gb}g .
af]nfpFbf af]nfpFbf aNn x}g s]xf] oxfF d]/f] elQm ug]{ a]nf
oxfF d]/f] elQm e'Nofpg' cfpg] sf] xf] < eg]5 . /fgLn] ;f]w]5
sf]:n] l;sfof] of] e}+l;sf] l;+x eGg' < t]/f] nf]Ug] nf] eg]5 .
/fgLn] km]/L ;f]w]5 sxfF 5 t d]/f] nf]Ug] <
pm ToxfF dnvf8Ldf n'sfP/ /fv]sf]5 . eg]5 .
/fgLn] n' xf] /x]5 . ;fFRr} dxf/fhsf] dxfg eQm g} /x]5 . eg]/
kms]{5g\ .
;'Gg]nfO{ ;'gsf] dfnf
eGg]nfO{ k"mnsf] dfnf
of] syf a}s'G7 hfnf .
eGg] a]nf v'?v? cfpnf .
&= nf]ssyf M drf{sf] syf
lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M lj/axfb'/ /fO{

Pp6f ?vdf tLg j6f lrh a:bf /x]5 . ?vsf] 6'Dkf]df d}g r/L . km]
+bfdf af3 / ;'Fu'/ af; a:y]5 . Ps lbg Pp6f bfp/] cfP/ Tof] ?v
sf6]/ w'gL afn]5 . af; hn]sf] b]v]/ ;a} eGbf klxn] d}g r/f cfP/
cfuf]df xf]ldP5 . Tof] kl5 af3n] cfKfm\gf] af; hn]sf] b]v]5 . /
af3 klg cfP/ cfuf]df xf]ldP5 . Tof] kl5 ;'u'F/n] klg af; hn]sf]
b]v]5 . / ;'u'F/ klg cfuf]df xf]ldP5 . Tof] bfp/]n] Tof] ?vsf]
v/fgLaf6 hfF8 agfpg] drf{ agfP5 . Toflx eP/ hfF8 vfFbf klxn]
dfG5] d}gf r/L h:tf] ld7f] af]N5 . cln w]/ vfP kl5 af3 h:tf]
x'G5 . clg cem} w]/} vfP kl5 ;'u'F/ h:t} e"; eP/ ;'lta:5 eg]sf]
/] .

*= nf]ssyf M z'lqm CifL / dfG5]sf] df;'

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M nfnaxfb'/ /fO{
 plxNo} z'lqm eGg] CifLn] ;fx|} b'Mv kfP5 . x/]s u¥of] .
otf u¥of] . p:of] u¥of] . hfxfg 5f]/f 5f]/L kfNg s]lx pkfof
nfu]g . dlxiff ;"/ /fhf ePsf]df uP/ bj]{ bfgsf] nflu ljGtL u/]5 .
n' oxfF t x}g ltdL blIf0f lb;f hfp . lu4sf] /fhf 5 . ToxfF uP/ bj]
{ bfg ljGtL ug'{ . lbG5g\ eg]5g\ . hfFbf hfFbf hfFbf hfFbf
lu4sf] /fhf ePsf]df k'u]5 . /fhn] lsg cfof}+ t CifL eg]/ ;f]w]5 .
d t ;fx|} b'Mvdf k/]+ . o:ff] bfg ba]{ kfOG5 ls eg]/sf]
xh'/sf]df cfPsf] eg]5g\ . ltdL o:tf] k"hf, k''/f0fx? nufpg ;S5f}
eg]/ lu4sf] /fhfn] ;f]w]5 . CifLn] x'G5 d ;S5' k"hf, ;Ktfxf
k'/f0f nufpg ;S5' eg]5 . lu4sf] /fhfn] n' t];f] eP d]/f]df ;Ktfxf
k'/f0f nufpg' k¥of] eg]5g\ . CifLn] d08k agfP/ k':ts
lgsfn]/ ;Ktfxf nufpg z'?u¥of] . ;Ktfxf nufpb} hfFbf % cf}+
lbg df lu4sf /fhfnfO{ va/ cfof] . klZrd b]zdf ?9Ln] Hofb}
dfG5] d¥of] . n' vfOlbg' cfOlbg' k¥of] eGg] va/ cfof] . lu4sf]
/fhfn] n' h?/L va/ cfof] ca o:tf] ljktdf d gu}lbO x'b}g . d}n]
h'7f] gnufOlbO c?n] vfFb}g . To:f}n] n' caf] afFsL k'/f0f
nufpg' clg /fgLn] vfgf bfg lbG5g\ lnP/ hfg' eg]/ lu4sf /fhf
lx8\of] . CifLn] k'/f0f nufO{ ;s]kl5 vfgf 6Gg vfg lbP/ /fgLn]
CifLnfO{ n'' slt af]Sg' ;S5f} . ;DklQ n}hfp eg]5g\ . CifLn] n'
olt dfq} ;S5' eg]/ af]s]/ lx8\g] a]nf /fgLn] n' hfFbf af6f]df
xfd|f /fhf e]l6G5g\ . dfG5]sf] rfFlx df;' km]nf k¥of] eg] 3/df
klg clnslt rfFlx ;lDemg' /] eg]/ elGbg' x} eg]5g\ . P afaf xf]
x}g dfG5] d/]/ e"/{s'6 5 eg]/ vfg af]nfPsf] 5 . dfG5]sf] rflx
df;' kfof] eg] 3/df rfFlx ;lDemg' eg]/ va/ k7fpF5 . CifLsf]
dgdf v'Nb'nv'Nb'n e} /x¥of] . hfFbf hfFbf hfFbf geGb}
af6f]df lu4sf /fhf e]6 eP . nf} u'? ;Sg' eof] k'/f0f < clg vfg
kfg s:tf] eof] < bfg blIf0ff kfpg' eof] < eg]/ ;f]w]5 .
cF , ;lsof] . 6Gg vfgf lbg' eof] . bfg klg lo af]Sg ;Sg] hlt
NofP/ cfPsf]5' . t/ /fgLn] dfG5]sf] rfFlx df;' km]nf k¥of] eg]
Pp6f rf]S6f rfFlx 3/df klg ;lDemg' /] eg]/ va/ k7fpg' ePsf] 5 .
Tof] ;'g]/ lu4sf] /fhfn] n' ca ef] o:tf] cK7\of/f] va/ klg k7fpg'
x'G5 < dfG5]sf] df;' sxfF kfpg' . eg]5g\ . ca emg CifL 5Ss
k/]5 . x}g oqf] rf/}lt/ dfG5] dfG5] dl//x]sf]5 . dfG5]sf] df;'
rfFlx sxfF kfpFg' eG5 . x}g xh'/ s] eGg' efsf] < of] rf/}lt/
dfG5] dfG5] dl//x]sf]5 . dfG5]sf] df;' sxfF kfpFg' eGg' x'G5 .
n' of] t dnfO{ a'emfOlbg' k¥of] eg]5 . lu4fsf] /fhfsf] kfnf]
bflxg] kv]6f af6 Pp6f P:;f] tfg]/ Pp6f KjfFv lbP5 / n' of] af6
x]g'{; t eg]/ lbP5 . Tof] KjfFvaf6 x]/]sf] t cDdd\ Tof] d/]sf] t
sf]xL ls/f, sf]lx ;'Fu'/, s's'/ cflb hgjf/ kf] 5/k:6 b]v]5 . n' of]
lrh t dnfO{ s]lx lbgsf] nflu lbg' k¥of] eg]/ ljlGt u/]5 .
lu4sf] /fhfn] n' ca CifLn] dfuL xfNg' eof] s]lx lbgnfO{ lnP/
hfg'; t/ of] x/fpGf' rfFlx x''b}g . of] ePg eg] t d]/f] t xft g}
efFlRrhfG5 eg]5g\ . CifLn] 3/df cfP/ bfgsf] wf]qmf] lj;fP/
Tof] KjfFvaf6 x]/]sf] t 3/df t hfxfg aRrfx? t s's'/, ;'u'F/ gfgf
vfn] hgjf/x? kf] v]ln /x]sf] . CifLn] Tof] KjfFv lnP/ x]b}
{ x]b}{ x]b}{ hfFbf afp ;fsL{ h'Qf l;nfpg]sf] 5f]/L rfxL
dfG5] b]lvP5 . clg CifLn] ;fsL{nfO{ n' of] 5f]/L rfFlx
dnfO{ lbg' k¥of] eg]/ dfUbf . clg ;fsL{n] caf] ;fsL{sf] 5f]/L
CifLnfO{ s;/L lbg' eg]5g\ . CifLn] xTt] u/]/ h;/L eP klg lbg'
k¥of] eg]/ dfu]/ ljx] u/]/ nu]5 . To;}n] z'qm k'j{ hfFbf kfgL
kb}{g . z'qm klZrd hfFbf g'xfpg kfgL k5{ eG5g\ .

(= nf]ssyf M efb|sf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M nfnaxfb'/ /fO{
Pp6f dfG5] d}tfn' lng hfg hf]ltifnfO{ ;fOt x]/fP5 . hf]ltifn]
c? t l7s} 5 . t/ efb| 5 . ghfg' eg]5g\ . p:sf] kfnL c? ;a}
l7s} /x]5 . efb| t /x]5 lg eg]/ d}tn' lng uP5g\ . uP/ d}tfn'
lnP/ cfpFbf af6f]df pm kfvf a:g' uP5 . uP/ cfpFbf t 7\ofSs}
plx h:t} csf]{ dfG5] kf] p:sf] :jfgL;Fu al; /v]sf] . x}g of] sf]
eg]/ :jfl:gnfO{ ;f]w]5 . d]/f] nf]Ug] eg]5 . clg d sf] t <
eg]/ ;f]Wo] km]/L d]/} nf]Ug] eG5 . x}g of] s] cfOnfUof]
o:tf] . eg]/ emu8fsf] l5gf] kmfgf]sf nflu d'lvofsf]df k'u]5g\ .
x}g n' eg s] eof] eg]/ d'lvofn] ;f]Wbf o:tf] o:tf] eof] eg]/ ;a}
a]lnlj:tf/ nufP5g\ . clg d'lvofn] Ps Ps u/]/ of] sf] xf] eg]/
cfOdfO{nfO{ ;f]w]5 . d]/f] nf]Ug]] eg]5 . clg of] sf] <
eg]/ ;f]w]5 . km]/L d]/} nf]Ug] eg]5 . P n' Pp6f s?jf nf]6f n]/
cfp eg]/ d'lvofn] cx|fP5 . clg s?jf nf]6f cuf8L /fv]/ n' of] s?
jfsf] 6'6L af6 hf] lglSng ;S5 of] cfOdfO{ p;}sf] :jf:gL eg]5 .
ca dfG5] sxfFsf] s?jfsf] 6'6Laf6 lglSng' . csf]{ rfFlx efb|
/x]5 p t s?jfsf] 6'6Laf5 sldnf h:tf] :jf§ :jf§ lglSnbf] /x]5 . clg
d'lvof n] n' of] sxfFsf] dfG5] x'GYof] efb| /x]5 eg]5 . clg
efb|n] eg]5g\ . xf] d efb| xf] . o:n] hf]ltifnfO{ ;fOt x]/fof] .
clg efb| 5 eGbf eGb} of] g6]/L d}tfn' lng uof] . o;nfO{ kf7
l;sfpg olt b'Mv lbPsf] eg]/ efb| cb[Zo eP5 .
To;}n] ;fOt ;s];Dd gx]/fpg' . x]/fP kl5 lgod ;+ut ul/ dfGg' /] .

!)= nf]ssyf M lzsf/L / 8f]s] Rofpsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M kljqf lnDa'
Psfb]zdf Pp6f lzsf/L a:Yof] /] . lzsf/ df/]/ Nofof] . :jf:gLn] c?
ufpFn]nfO{ klg lbpF g eGYof] /] . kb}{g lbg elg b'Mv u/]/
df/L Nofpg] d c?nfO{ . r'knfu /f8L eg]5g\ . Ps lbg tLg rf/ hgf
ufpFn]x? lzsf/ v]Ng' k5\ofP/ uP5g\ . Tof] lbg klg lzsf/ t
df/]5g\ . lzsf/sf] ljnf] c?nfO{ lhphgfË] efu nfuP5 .
p:nfO{ rfFlx lzsf/L efu / lhp efu b'O{ efu nfP5 . clg e'6]/ klg
vfP5g\ . e'6]/ df;'sf] klg c?nfO{ rfFlx 6fpsf]] ulGtdfq
lbP5 /] . lzsf/Ln] rfFlx Ps efu :jfl:gnfO{, 5f]/f / 5f]/Lsf] klg Ps
Ps efu nufP5 . c?n] rfFlx ;fp efu dfq vfO;]5 . lzsf/Ln] rflx
cfkm\gf] efu vfO{;s]/ :jfl:gsf] efu klg d} vfG5' eg]/ vfP5 /] .
clg 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] efu klg cfkm} vfP5g\ . ufpFn]x?n] n' of]
lzsf/Ln] t o;f] kf] u¥of] eg]/ ufpFdf ;'gfpFbf ;a}n] y'Ss lsg
ufsf] t Tof];Fu eg]/ ufnL u/]5g\ . Tof] kl5 klg lzsf/Ln] w]/}
lzsf/ df/]5g\ t/ df;' ljnf] s;}nfO{ klg afF8]g5g\ . Pslbg t
lzsf/L d/]5g\ . ufpFn]x?n] n' of] lzsf/ df/]/ PSn} vfGYof] .
o:fnfO{ ufpFn] rfFlxb}g lyof] . o:sf]df sflx klg ghfg] eg]/
ufpFn]x? sf]lx klg cfPg5g\ . :jfgL rfFlx nf]Ug] d/]sf]df ?Fb}
a:b} ?Fb} a:b} u¥of] . ufpFn]x? lzsf/LsL :jf:gL s] ulb{ /x]5]
eg]/ lrxfpg' cfpFbf] /x]5 . dfG5] cfPsf] rfn ;'g]/ lzsf/LsL :jf:gL
cfzfn] cln lj:tf/} ?lGyOg\ . ufpFn]x? cfPsf] rfn lbP/ kmls{Gy]
. clg lzsf/LsL :jf:gL emg emg rsf]{ rsf] ?g yfNyL . w]/} lbg ?
Psf] ?Ps} u¥of] . ufpFn]x? glhs cfP/ rfn lbP/ kmls{Gy] . ca t
lzsf/LsL :jf:gLn] klg ufpFn]x?sf] cfzf df/L . nfz w]/} lbg
ePsf]n] ugfpg yfln ;s]sf] lyof] . Ps lbg lzsf/LsL :jf:gLn]
nf]Ug]sf] nfznfO{ 8f]sf]df xfn]/ k/ h+undf nu]/ km]lng\ .
clg cfkm" klg em\ofFpls/L eP/ p8]/ uOg\ . clg 8f]sf]df af]s]/
nu]/ kmfn]sf] lzsf/Lsf] nfznfO{ To} 8f]sf]n] 5f]k]sL lyOg\ .
Tof]] clxn] 8f]s] Rofp ePsf] 5 . lzsf/Lsf] s'lxPsf] nfP ePsf]n]
Tof] Rofp klg ;fx|} ugfpg] ub{5 . clg em\ofpFls/L ePsL
lzsf/L sL :jf:gL klg em\ofpF em\ofpF ;fx|f] ;fx|f] s/fpF5 clg
km]/L Psl5g dw'/f] em\ofpF em\ofpF ub{5 .

!!= nf]ssyf M d;fg] v]tsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M kljqf lnDa'
plxNo} Pp6f ufpFdf ;;'/f a"xf/L lyof] /] . vfg'sf] hlxNo}sf]
wf} wf}n] jfSs eP/ Ps lbg ;;"/fn] a'xf/LnfO{ eg]5 . Tof] d;fg]
au/df v]t lax|fpg' k¥of] . vfhf, eft, vGg] ;dfgx? lbpF;f] d;fg]
au/df k'¥ofpg' / kmls{g' ltdL ToxfF ga:g' x} eg]5g\ . ;;"/fn]
eg] cg';f/ lbpF;f] el/ v]k nufP/ vfhf, eft, vGg] ;fdfgx? nu]/
a"xf/L t cln dfly cUnf] ?vdf r9]/ a;]5 . x}g of] ;;"/fn] s;/L
rfFlx vG5 t . PSNf} 5 . oltsf vfg]s'/f Nofpg' nufPsf] 5 . oltsf
vGg] ;fdfg Nofpg' nufPsf] 5 . cem /ftL vG5' eg]sf] 5 . eg]/
x]g{ b]lvg] 7fpFsf] cUnf] ?vdf r9]/ a;]5 . /ftL ;;"/fn] d;fg
hufP/ la/ d;fg rfFlx d;fgx?sf] gfOs]nfO{ v]t vGg cx|fP5 . la/
d;fgn] rf/lsNNff afFw]/ olt leq ePsf] dg'v]sf] vfg
kfpg] ;t{ afFw]5 . d;fg hufpg]n] klg Tof] d;fg 3f6df /ftL sf]
g} xf]nf / eg]/ x'G5 eg]5g\ . la/d;fgn] cfkm\gf ;]gfd]gf
d;fgx?nfO{ v]t vGg nufP5 . d;fgx?n] t /ft el/df slt vGof]
vGof] /] . d;fgx? a]nf a]nf ;"tL{ vfg' a:5 /] . cfh dfGf'v]sf]
df;' vfg] xf] eG5 /] . vfhf, eft klg vfO;s]/ vGof] /] . km]/L klg
a:5 /] cfh dfGf'v]sf] df;' vfg] xf] eG5 /] . laxfg efn] af:g]
a]nf d;fg kmls{g] a]nf n' of] afFrf afFw]sf] rf/lsNnf leq Pp6f
dg'v] 5 . vfg] cf1f b]p eg]/ la/d;fgn] d;fg hufpg]nfO{ eg]5 .
d;fg hufpg] dfG5]n] x}g caf] s] eG5 . o:tf] d;fg 3f6df olt /flt
sf] dfG5] x'G5 . d}+ xf]nf . n' dnfO{ g} vfp eg]5 . x}g cf1f
dfq} b]p g xfdL vfOxfN5f} lg eg]5 . ca ef] n' olt /ftL sf]
rfFlx xf]nf t n' vfp dfq eg]/ cf1f lbPsf dfq s] lyP /] . cUnf] ?
vaf6 8\ofDd a"xf/L kf] emf/]/ klg rfnfË lrlnË Ps} l5gdf
sKnfSs'Kn's vfO kf] ;s]5g\ . d;fg hufpg] a'9fnfO{ klg Ps efu
lbP5g\ /] . d;fg hufpg]n] klg vfg} kg]{ ePsf]n] a'9fn] klg
a"xf/Lsf] df;' vfP5g\ /] . clg labf lb+bf kf] a'9fn] n' ca olt g}
ef]nL cfpg' kb}{g vfhf eft Nofpg] dfG5] df/]/ vfOxfNof}
eg]5g\ . clg cl3 eGg' kb}{g g t . vfhf eft Nofpg] dfG5] lsg
oxfF /fv]sf] t eg]/ df;fgn] ;f]w]5 . x}g sxfF d}+n] /fVg' . d}
+n] emg oxfF a:g' x'b}g . a]n}df 3/ hfg' eg]sf] t s:tf] ?vdf
r9]/ a:f]sf] t a"xf/L klg eg]5 . n' ca olt g} ef] ef]NfL b]lv
cfpg' kb}{g eg]/ d;fgx?nfO{ labf u/]5g\ . Tof] % d"/L kfyL
wfgsf] lapsf] 7"nf] d;fg] v]t c?0f kf/L 5 elgG5 /] .

!@= nf]ssyf M x]n'jf rfk

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M kljqf lnDa'

plxNo} x]n'jf rfk -x]n'jfsf] e"t_ eGg] lyof] /] . lbpF;f] h:fn]

x]n'jf rfksf] af/]df s'/f u5{ . a]n'sf p;}sf]df cfO{ xfGg] /] .
a]n'sf l/dl/ddf 6fF0f] 3/sf] lrd -6fF0f_df a;]/ cwa};]
cfOdfO{ dfG5] gfgLnfO{ b'w v'jfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] /] .
k/af6 ;]tf] bf}/f ;"?jfn nufPsf] dfG5] cfP/ RofKk} ufx|f] kf/L
kmfln lbof] /] . k|e"/fd k|e"/fd eg]/ 5f]/fnfO{ af]nfpg' eof] /]
. klxnf] 5'§L cfPsf] nfx"/] k|d"/fd bf}8]/ Tof] ;]tf] e"t ePsf]df
cfP/ ;fdfpg vf]h]sf] 5fFof dfq ;dfOb} g;fdfOg] /] .
k|e"/fdnfO{ klg kR5f/]5 /] . clg Tof] ;]tf] e"t x]n'jf rfkn]
UjfDf ls Ujfd sf6]5 /] . t/ sf6]sf] 7fpFaf6 /ut eg] cfPg /] . lt
sfl6 dfUg] cfOdfO{sf] cg'xf/df kl5;Dd klg 7"N7"nf] vt
lyof] /] . clg 5f]/f k|e"/fdsf] klg b'O{ j6f cf}nf sfl6Psf]
lyof] /] . kl5 Tof] x]n'jf rfk t]lts} xf/fof] /] . lt sfl6PsL
cfOdfO{ d]/f] cfdfsL km'k' lyOg\ /] . ;fOg] cg';f/ plg d]/f]
dfdnL af]h' / pgsf] 5f]/f dfdf kg]{ /x]5 .

!#= nf]ssyf M jg emfqmLsf] syf -Ps_

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M kljqf lnDa'
plxNo} ;ef vf]nf a]+;L v]tdf lxpFbf]df uf]7 emf/]sf] lyof] /] .
Ps lbg afpx? ufpFlt/ u}xfNof] /] . b'O{ hgf ;fgf] ;fgf] s]6fx?
lbpF;f] g} /ftL cfh d]/f]df ;'t'Ë n . gfO d]/f]df ;'t'Ë eGbf eGb}
s'/f] gldn] kl5 b'a}n] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] uf]7df ;'Tg] eP5g\ .
cf}+zLsf] /ft lyP5 . Pp6fsf] uf]7 d"lg 7"nf] eL/ lyof] /] . Tof]
eL/df jgemfFqmL a:y]5 /] . cf}zLsf] /ft t jgemfFqmLsf] k"hf
x'Fbf] /}5 /] . yfn, em\ofD6f, 306L, 303?x?, ;+v ahfP/ k"hf
ug'{ yfNof] /] . eL/sf] dfyLsf] s6]/f]df eL/df ah]sf] ;a}
5Nf{Ë} ;'lgg] . 8/n] u'6'd'6' l;/s leq kf]sf] k/]/ a:bf a:bf
s]6fs]6L hfaf] slt a]nf e';'Ss} lgbfP5 /] . e/] slt a]nf kf]
k}tnfdf sfps'tL nufP/ lxlx==lxlx ub}{ xfF:b} lapFlembf kf]
EofTTf l;ddf kf] k5fl/P5 /] . clg o:;f] x]/]sf] t dfG5]sf] ls s]
xf] chË b]v]5 /] . x+;n] 7fpF 5f]8]5 . xTtg kTTf p7]/ ;fyLsf]
s6]/f] lt/ s'b]5 . ;fyLsf] s6]/f] 5]pdf k'u]/ kf]
emNof:o ;Dem]5 . nf g ;fyLnfO{ vfO;s]/ dnfO{ vfg' cfPsf]
lyof] . eg]/ ;fyLsf] rfn ;'g]/ af;]5 . ptf s6]/f]df x'g] ;fyL klg
s'b]/ cfPsf] t ;'Gof] . ;fyL cfof] sL s] cfof] cfof] . emg l;/s leq
kf]sf] k/]/ :jf; g af; eP/ a;]5 . Psl5g kl5 ;fyL xf] sL eg]/ l;/s
leqaf6 cf]x'O xf] ;fgf] :j/n] eg]5 . clg ;fyLn] klg x'O u/]5 /
b'O hgf e]nf eP/ /ft e/L cfuf]sf] w"gL afn]/ a;]5 /] . Tof] kl5
Tof] eL/sf] 5]psf] s6]/f]df dfG5] a:g' dfg]g /] . cln kl5 Tof]
s6]/f] eTsfof] /] .

jg emfqmLsf] syf -b'O{_

>f]t M g/axfb'/ nfdf
;fgf] afpGGf] sbsf] jg emfFqmLn] ;fgf] Tffdfsf] 3]/f] ePsf]
9\ofª\u|f] 6\ofË 6\ofË 6\ofË 6\ofË ahfpFb} dfG;f/] kf/Lsf]
sf]n 8fF8} 8fF8f uP/ dfyL ;tL k'UYof] /] . 8fF8f Tof] ;tL 8fF8f
klxn] ltlnË] 8fF8f elGfGYof] /] . plxn] Tof] 8fF8fdf k"vf{sf]
kfnfdf ;tL uPsf] /x]5 / Tof] 8fF8fsf] gfd ;tL 8fF8f eP5 . Tof]
8fF8f kf/Lsf] 8fF8f u9L 8fF8f . clg tnaf6 6\ofË 6\ofË 6\ofË
6\ofË 9\ofª\u|f] 7f]Ub} cfpg] /] . clg ;tL 8fF8f sf6]/ v]s'jf
vf]nf kf/L l;e'jf kfvfsf] tLgtn] eL/df hfg] /] .jg emfFqmLn] v}
s] hf]u k/]sf] a]nf p:sf] /f]Hhf dfG5] lnP/ hfg] /] . clg km]/L
jg emfFqmLsf] :jf:gL rfFlx af]S;L a'9L . nfD6]gL a'9L bfOg]
b'wsf] kmfFrf] afFof sfFwdf / afFof b'wsf] kmfFrf] bflxg]
sfFwdf /fv]/ lx8\lyOg /] . dfG5] e]6\of] ls cfFvf / lha|f]
lgsfn]/ vfO xfNg] /] . a'9L;Fu n'sfP/ jg emfFqmLn] emfFqmL
ljB] l;sfP/ p:n] nu]s} 7fpFdf NofP/ ljpFemfP/ 5f]8L lbg] /] .
ljpFem] kl5 Tof] dfG5] ;kgfaf6 ljpFem] h:tf] uYof]{ /] . clg
hfGGf] emfFqmL x'GYof] /] . jg emfFqmLn] l;sfPsf]
emfFqmLn] u'? yfKg' gkfg]{ /] . u'? k"hf ug'{ gkfg]{ /] .
klxn] jg emfFqmLn] l;sfPsf] emfFqmL y'k|} lyP /] . chsfn
klg stfst} e]l6G5g\ eG5g\ .

!$= nf]ssyf M e"tsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M ;Dof]u ofSvf
plxn] lxpFvf]nfdf w]/} df5f kfpYof] /] . k|;fb a'9f 7"nf]
hfnxf/L . Ps /ft hfndf df5f df/]/ vf]nfsf] 5]pdf uf]7xfn]/ 7"nf]
cfuf] afn]/ df5f ;'sfO/fv]/ ;'t]5g\ . /ftL df5f kmsf{pg' p7\bf
t ;fgf] a'9f] dfG5] cfuf] tfk]/ al; /fv]sf] /x]5 /] . k|;fb a'9fsf]
kfnf] cu'N7f] l6k]/ xfg]sf] t cfkm\g} sfgdf kf] km'6\g] u/L
Tof] ;fgf] a'9f]n] kf] ahfP5 /] . Tof] ;fgf] a'9f] v} stf uof] /] .
k|;fb a'9f] eg] Tof] kl5 7\ofDDf} sfg g;'Gg] g} eP5 /] . k|;fb
a'9f]n] ;fFr} sfg aGb} ;'Gb}g lyof] .

!%= nf]ssyf M cfOtaf/] yfgsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M g/axfb'/ nfdf
plxn] g]kfn -sf7df08f}_ lt/af6 a+hf /fhf a+hf /fgL afF;sf]
gfËnf], 8f]sf], 8fnf] a'Gg] hfltsf] /fhf d/] kl5 hfluqf eP5 . /
cfOtaf/]df NofP/ dfg dlgtf] ul/ yfg ykgf agfP/ /fv]5 . Tof]
a]nf 7"nf] ls/fFt k|b]zdf sfnl;+ nfdfn] ls/fFt ufpF b]lv cln tn
h+undf kmfF8]/ . ds} v]tL x'g] . ds} 7fpF 7fpF 3f]+rfn]
vGb} ds} /f]Kg] /] . slt kmng] kmNg] /] . ^ 3f]+uf & 3f]+uf
Pp6} af]6n] kmNg] . ds} /fVg] ?vsf] sfkdf . ds}sf] lsg a]r
gx'g] . Tof] a]nf k};f t plxn]sf] k|rngdf /x]sf] k'Go"sf]
8fF7sf] s'8\sf] h:tf] ljrdf 5]8]/ wfuf] l5/fP/ em'08fpg] agfpsf]
k};fnfO{ 8f]nL k};f EfGbf] /x]5 .
!^= nf]ssyf M cf]h]/]Ëafsf] syf
lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M g/axfb'/ nfdf
plxNo} 8fF8f ufpFdf cf]h]/]Ëafn]] pl7af; nufPsf] lyof] /] .
cf]h]/]Ëaf eGg] nfdf] nfdf] skfn ePsf] nfdf] nfdf] / 7"N7"nf]
b'wsf] y'g ePsf] 5f]/LdfG5] h:tf] lyof] /] . ufpFg} pl7af; nufP
kl5 ufpF ;dfhsf] d'lvof a;]/ lbgsf] Ps hgf lbg] lg0f{o u/]5g\ .
a]n'sf eP kl5 æcf]h]/]Ëaf nf]NbfofÆ -s;}n] æcf]h]/]Ëaf
tfofgf}Æ ofSvf efiffdf_ eGb} ufpFlt/ cfpYof] /] . ufpFsf]
d'lvofn] cfh p:sf]sf] kfn xf] p:sf]df hfpm eg]/ atfP kl5 lzsf/
ePsf] 3/df hfGYof] /] . Ps lbg a]n'sf c?0f kf/Lsf] 7"nf]
lzsf/Ln] c?0f kf/L h+unL afF;3f/Ldf ab]+nnfO{ wg'sfF0fn]
xfg]5 . 3fOt] ab]+n c?0f t/]/ cfP kl5 lzsf/ kR5\ofpFb} kR5\
ofpFb} cfpFbf cfpFbf 8fF8f ufpF cfOk'u] kl5 /ft k/]5 . a]n'sf
af; dfUg' Pp6f 3/df k'u]5 . nf} ;fFemsf] kfx'gf af; t lbg'
x'GYof] t/ 3/df cfdf 5f]/L dfq} 5f}+ . cfh /ftL cf]h]/]Ëafn]
vfg] kfnf] xfd|f] k/]sf] 5 . /ftL cdf 5f]/Ldf s:nfO{ nfG5 . n' a?
c?lt/ af; a:g'; kfx"gf ;x]a eg]5g\ . clg lt lzsf/Ln] /fd|
f];Fu ;f]wL vf]hL u/]5 . s;/L cfpF5 < s:tf] 5 < eg]/ ;f]wvf]h
u/]5 . v} dfG5] h:t} 5 . nfdf] nfdf] skfn ePsf], 7"N7"nf]
b'wsf] y'g ePsf] 5f]/LdfG5] h:tf] 5 eg]5g\ . n' To;f] eP eft
vfP/ cfdf 5f]/L dfyL xNnf gu/L ;'Tg' . d of] 9f]sfsf] 5]pdf ;'T5'
. /ftL slt v]/, s;/L / s:tf] cfpFbf] /x]5 . d wg'sfF0f l7s u/]/ a:5'
eg]5g\ . lzsf/Ln] eg] adf]lhd\ cfdf, 5f]/L a]n}df eft efG;f ;s]/
dfyL ;'t]5g\ . lzsf/LnfO{ 9f]sf 5]pdf leq cf]5\ofg nufOlbP5 .
geGb} /ftL t æcf]h]/]Ëaf nf]NbfofÆ,æcf]h]/]Ëaf nf]NbfofÆ
eGb} efn' vf]kaf6 cfof] /] . lzsf/Lsf] kfnf] rfndf/]/ leqaf6
wg'sfF0f tof/ u/]/ a;]5 . cf]h]/]Ëaf cfof] eg]sf] ;'Gg] ljlQSs}
b}nf] vf]n]/ tof/ x'g] dfG5]x? cfh b}nf] gvf]n]sf] b]v]/
cf]h]/]Ëaf;Fu g8/fPsf] b]v]/ cf]h]/]ËafnfO{ /L; p7]5 / b}nf]df
sf]tfg'{ yfn]5 . leqaf6 wg'sfF0f tof/ u/]/ a;]sf] lzsf/Ln]
b}nf]sf] tfnaf6 -b"nf], Kjfn_ wg'sfF0f tGgsfP/ xfg]sf] 5ftLd}
nfu]5 / cf]h]/]Ëaf cfFufgdf n8]5 . P;f] x]¥of] 7\ofSs} dfG5]
5 . nf} dfG5] kf] df/LP5 . ca dfg]{ eP ufpFn] ;dfhn] eg]/
lzsf/Lsf] ;ftf] uP5 . Tof] a]nf Hofgsf] abnf Hofg lg;fkm
lyof] /] . clg Hofg df/]sf]df ca df5{ eg]/ lzsf/L t 8/n] /ftL g}
efu]/ d"naf6f] d'gL clxn] crf/-g]jf/_ ufpF ePsf]df 7"nf] l;:g'
3f/L lyof] /] ToxfF uP/ n's]/ a;]5 . otf ufpFdf n' o:tf] /fIf; df/]/
ufpFsf] /VVf] ug]{ dxfg lzsf/L sf] xf] stf 5 eg]/ vf]hL u/]5g\ .
vf]Hb} hfFbf tn l;:g' 3f/Ldf s'v'/fsf] rNnf n's] h:tf] n'sL /x]sf]
/x]5 . 8/fP/ al;/x]sf] lzsf/LnfO{ kmsfO{ km'nfO{ Hofg
df/]sf] x}g . /fIf]; df/]/ ufpFsf] /Vv] u/]sf]df dfg ;Ddfg :j?j
kuf/L km]6f nufOlbP/ lt g} cfdf 5f]/LsL 5f]/L lbP/ HjfOF
agfP/ ;Ddfgn] lskf]6 lbP/ /fv]5g\ .

-;+;f/L eGg] 7fpFdf cf]h]/]Ëafsf] 3/ g} 5 . le/df tnf tnf k/]sf]

dHhfsf] 3/ h:t} 5 . klxn] ;fgf] 5Fbf Tof] cf]h]/]Ëafsf] cf]9f/df
dfG5]sf] x•Lv'•Lx? lyof] . nfdf afh]n] syf eGg]
qmddf ;'gfPsf lyP .
;'a]bf/sf] 3/ b]lv dYnf] 3/ kmfk'Ë] afh]sf] 3/ lyof] . TfL
kmfk'Ë] afh]sf] afpnfO{ :ofnv'§] afh] eGg] /x]5 . lt :ofnv'§]
rfFlx lt lzsf/Lsf] ;Gtfg /x]5g\ . kmfk'Ë l;/fgdf clxn]
klg :ofnv'§]sf] af/L 5 . kmfk'Ëaf6 8fF8f ufpF cfPsf]n] xf]nf
kmfk'Ë] afh] eGg] u/]sf] . ufpFdf lt lzsf/Lsf] ;Gtfg cyjf
kmfk'Ë] afh]sf] ;Gtfg ;lsof] eg] ufpFdf km]/L cf]h]/]Ëaf hfU5
/] eGg] nf]s ljZjf; lyof] . t/ clxn] kmfk'Ë] afh]sf] ;Gtfgx?n]
ufpF 5f]8]sf] sl/a aL; aif{ e} ;Sof] . clxn];Dd t cf]h]/]Ëafsf]
k'g{cfudg ePsf] 5}g . _

!&= nf]ssyf M sfsL{5fksf] e"tsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M g/axfb'/ nfdf
plxn] sfsL{sf] 3/ lyof] /] . Tof] a]nf cf;fd hfg] rng lyof] . kl5
sfsL{sf] ;Gtfg cf;fd uP /] . Tof] 7fpFdf a/ kLkn rf}tf/f]df
sfsL{ 5fk eGg] lstfa 9'Ëf -lznf n]v_ lyof] /] . Tof]
7fpFnfO{ sfsL{ 5fk eGg yfn]5g\ . Tof] sfsL{ 5fksf]
Ef~ofË / rf}tf/f] b]lv cln tnsf] vf]]nfdf t;f{pg] e"tnfO{ sfsL{
5fksf] e"t eGg] uYof]{ . sfsL{ 5fksf] e"tn] 5f]Kof] eg] dfG5]
afFRb}g eGy] . Tof] sfsL{ 5fksf] rf}tf/f]af6 vf]nfdf k'Ug sl/a
@ ldg]6 hlt nfUbf] xf] . vf]Nffdf k'Ug] a]nf RofKk ;dfP/
k5fYof]{ /] clg hlQ kml:sg vf]h] klg g;lsg] /] . n5f/ k5f/ u/]/
e"t stf hfg] hfg] . s]n] k5f¥of] k5f¥of] s]lx klg gb]lvg] /] .
nfdf afh]n] -syf eGg] dfG5]_ yfxf kfpFbf h"Nkm]sf] afpnfO{
sfsL{ 5fksf] e"tn] 5f]k]sf] ef]NfL kN6 d/]sf] lyof] /] . kl5
sfsL{ 5fkdf t;f{pF5 eg]/ dfG5] ;fem k/]kl5 Tof] af6f] lx8\
b}g lyof] .

!*= nf]ssyf M /fFs]sf] e"tsf] syf -Ps_

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M g/axfb'/ nfdf
dG;f/] kf/L sf]Nf 8fF8} 8fF8f klxn] Pp6f d"n /fFsf] lglSng] .
clg x'?? c? /fFsf] klg lglSng] . slxn] d"n /fFsf] afx]s c? em\
ofKk lgEg] . km]/L Ps} l5gdf y'k|} /fFs} /fFsf] km}lng] /] .
slxn] sf]n 8fF8faf6 ;lt 8fF8f x'b} ;v'jflt/ hfg] /] . slxn] af3vf]/
x'Fb} efn'vf]k af6 pQf kl§ -8fF8f kf/L_ hfg] /] . clg slxn]
rfFlx dG;f/] l;/fg x'Fb} dfg] ePsf]af6 pFwf] hfg] ;fgf]
uf]/]6f]af6 pFwf] hfg] /] . nfdf afh] -syf eGg] dfG5]_ u'kmf
8fF8fdf nfdf k9\g u'kmf a:bf /ftL slxn] sfFlx /fFs] e"t lxF8\
g]/] . u'kmf s6]/f]af6 P:ff] lrxfxP/ x]bf{ s]lx klg gb]lvg] /]
/fFsf] dfq x'g] /] . a'9f] a'9f] dfG5]x? ufgfË u'gfË, ufgfË
u'gfË u/]sf] rfFlx ;'ltg] /] t/ s'/f] rfFlx ga'lemg] /] . /fFs] e"tn]
b'Mv ladf/ lauf/ eg] gug]{ /] .

/fFs]sf] e"tsf] syf -b'O{_

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M sf]O/fnf] afh]
tLg j6f vf]nfsf] lqj]0fLaf6 la/ d;fg pTklt eO{ ;jf/L x'Fbf /fFs]
e"tx? la/ d;fgsf] cfp/] afp/]x? cl3 cl3 af6f] b]vfpFb} lx8\g'
kYof]{ /] . efn'vf]nf bf]efgsf] d;fg 3f6df la/ d;fgsf] pTklt eP
kl5 /fFs] e"tn] cl3 cl3 af6f] b]vfpFb} sflTts] psfn] x'b} lu/]
8fF8f, sfsL{5fk x'b} efn' vf]ksf] af6f] eP/ ;ef 3f6df
k'UYof] /] . /fFs] e"tsf] kl5 kl5 la/ d;fgsf] ;jf/L x'g] ePsf]n] la/
d;fgsf] 5fFof d'lg kg]{ dfG5] lj/fdL x'g] / dg]{ x'GYof] /] .

!(= nf]ssyf M hf}+af/L dxfb]p yfgsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M sf]O/fnf
plxn] x/]nf] 8fF8fsf la;' k'/L a'9fn] Ps lbg ufO{j:t' r/fpg
h+un nu]sf lyP /] . a]n'sf 3/ NofFg] a]nf Pp6f Aofpg]
ufO{ x/fPsf] yfxf kfP5g\ . Aofpg] ufO{ x/fPsf]n] h+un rf/}lt/
vf]h] /] t/ ufO{ st} e]l6Pg . e]l6b} e]l6Pg /] . t]lts} eof] . Ps
lbg la;' k'/L a'9f eL/df 3fF; sf6\g' hfFbf kf] Ajf===cf
s/fsf] ;'Gf]5g\ . Psl5gdf t ;fgf] afR5f] klg kf] s/fof] /] . cfkm\
gf] ufO{sf] cfjfh k'/L a'9fn] lrlgxfn] . crDd o:tf] eL/, k6\of/
3f/Ldf sxfF 5 t eg]/ 3f/L k~5fpFb} hfFbf t ;fgf] b'nf] leq
cf]9f/af6 kf] ufO{ / afR5f sf/pFb5 /] . cWofF/f] u'kmf leq
hfg 8/fP5g\ . 3/df cfP/ /fFsf] lnP/ cfP/ a'9LnfO{ klg ;fyL lnP/
cfP /] . /fFsf] afn]/ leq hfFbf t leq ta cf]xf] slTt dHhfsf] v'Nnf
7fpF kf] lyof] /] . ;ft j6f b'wsf] s'08 ePsf] . kfFrj6f tLkf6]
b'wsf] y'gaf6 b'w r'lx/x]sf] u'kmf leq kf] ufO{ / afR5 dHhfn]
a;]sf] /] . la;' k'/L a'9f cln cuf8L wd{ 9f]sfaf6 cuf8L uP5g\ .
kl5 kl5 cfPsf] :jf:gLnfO{ eg] wd{ 9f]sfn] Rofk]5 /] . clg k'/L
a'9fn] nf} k/d]Zj/ ltdL 7"nf] dxfb]j /x]5f} , ltdLnfO{ d ;'gsf]
5q agfP/ r9fpg] 5' . of] c1fgL dg'v]nfO{ pt} kms{Ob]p eg]/
lalGt efp u/] kl5 a'l9nfO{ k5f8Lg} lgsfnL lbP /] .
wd{ 9f]sfaf6 cuf8L uPsf k'/L a'9fn] eg] kfFr j6f ;'gsf]
wf/faf6 em/]sf] hns'08 e]6] /] . PSsfO; j6f ;'Gtnfsf] aLp lnP/
cfP/ ;'Gtnf /f]k]/ kmnfP/ r9fPsf lyP /] . ufO{ / afR5f 3/df
NofP/ cfP5g\ . la;' k'/L a'9fn] ;w} tn eL/df h+unsf] ljrsf]
u'kmfdf hfg t g;lsg] ePsf]n] gfuLsf] x/]nf] 8fF8fdf ahf/
nfUg] eGbf cln tn Pp6f 9'Ëfdf dxfb]asf] d'tL{ vf]k]/ ;w}
laxfg a]n'sL Tof] ufO{sf] b'w nf} k/d]Zj/ ltdL 7"nf]
dxfb]p /x]5f} . d]/f] j:t'efpsf] /VVf] ul/b]p eg]/ k"hf u/] /] .
Tof] ufO{sf] b'w dxfb]asf] gfd u/]/ To} 9'Ëf r9fP /] . pgn]
vfPgg\ /] . kl5 Ps sfg b'sfg d}bfg x'Fb} of] s'/f ufFpn]x?n]
klg ;'g]5g\ . clg dfG5]x? dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ hfg yfn]5g\ .
cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] b'Mv, lk/dfsf{x?af6 5'6sf/fsf] nflu
dxfb]j;Fu k'sf/f ug{ yfn]5g\ . efsfn ug{ yfn]5g\ . :jR5 dn]
efsfn u/] dgf]sfdgf k'/f x'g] hgljZjf; kfOG5 . chsn sflt{ssf]
7"nf] PsfbzLdf 7"nf] d]nf g} nfUg] u/]sf]5 . clxn] o; If]qsf]
7"nf] wfld{s :ynsf] ?kdf ljsl;t e};s]sf]5 .

@)= nf]ssyf M /Vv] sNnLsf] syf

lszf]/ ;'Aaf lnDa'
>f]t M dfg axfb'/ ljZjsdf{
aRrfsf] bfh' lbbL ue}df of afnfvfd} d/]sf] eP . of
cuf8Lsf ;Gtfgx? ;a} d/]/ uPsf] eP . kl5 hlGdPsf]
aRrfnfO{ b]p b]ptf;Fu an dfu]/ d;fgx?nfO{ afrf u/]/ /Vv]
sNnL nufOlbg' k5{ . /Vv] sNnL agfpFbf k~r/Tg] wft'sf] -;'g,
rfFbL, tfdf, lkQn, kmnfd_ kftfnfO{ u|x0fnfu]sf] lbg ;FfWg' -
lk6\g'_ k5{ . o;/L u|x0fdf ;fFw]/ /fv]sf] k~r/Tg] wft'sf] b'a}
xft / b'a} v'§fsf] nflu sNnL agfpg' k5{ . sNnL agfP kl5 cf/fg
b]ptf -ljZjsdf{_, b]aL b]p/fnL;Fu an dfUg' k5{ . xf]q]
d;fg, /]zfg d;fg ;a}nfO{ afFrf u/]/ /Vv] 8f]/L k"hf ug'{ k5{ .
aRrfnfO{ /Vv] sNnL nufO{ lbg] a]nf . gfËnf]df Ps kfyL wfg,
Ps dfgf rfdn, Ps dfgf hfF8, Ps dfgf /S;L, e]6L k};f, s'v'/fsf]
efn], w'k alQ cflb rflxG5 . w'k alQ afn]/ aRrfnfO{ 5]pdf
/fv]/ /Vv] sNnLsf] k"hf ul/ b]pb]ptf ;Fu an dfluG5 . d;fgx?
nfO{ afrf ul/ /Vv] sNnL aRrfnfO{ nufOlbOG5 . /Vv] sNnLsf]
k"hf ubf{ M
x]/ k/d]Zj/ ltdL cf/fg b]ptf
elg sg elQm k"hf u/]sf] 5' .
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL n;'g b]ptf
elg sg ltd|f] sf/vfgfdf agfPsf]
cf/fgdf uO{ k"hf u5'{ .
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL n;'g b]ptf
ltdLnfO{ ;'gk+vL gf} l;+Ë] efn]n] k"hf u5{' .
x]/ k/d]Zj/f afx| aif{ afx| k':tf
xftv'§fdf /Vv] sNnL nufO{ /Vg] 5 .
x]/ k/d]Zj/f of] b'w d'vL afnfvfsf]
;'grfFbLsf] cfo' /fVg] afrf u/]sf] 5' .
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL vfgLsf] b]ptf
;ft 7fpFsf] ltdL
;'gvfgLsf] ltdL
kmnfd vfgLsf] ltdL
lnËlnË vfgLsf] ltdL
tfdf vfgLsf] ltdL
lkQn vfgLsf] ltdL
cfo' /fVg] u/L sg
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL
k/d]Zj/f xf]q] d;fg
efn] d;fg
;fu/] d;fg
x] k/d]Zj/f
/];fg d;fgx? eG5
n' k/d]Z/f 5f]8L lbg'
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL
x'g] vfg]
hu/au/sf] wgL
vfgLsf] wgL
===r}t] bz}df k"hf u5'{ k/d]Zj/f .
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL
afx| aif{ afx| k':tf /Vv] ug'{
afx| aif{ kl5 vf]N5' x} k/d]Zj/f
x]/ k/d]Zj/f /fVv] afrf u/]sf] 5'
k/d]Zj/f cfsfz uP tfG5'
kftfn uP tfG5'
x]/ k/d]Zj/f ltdL elg sg
kmnfdsf] ;fËnf] l5gfP/ hfg'
x]/ k/d]Zj/f xhf/ aif{sf] cfo' lbg'
;'g}sf] e'hf lbPsf] 5'
;'g}sf] r'/f lbPsf] 5'
af:g] efn]n] k"hf u5'{ x} k/d]Zj/f====
-dfg axfb'/ lj=s=sf] /Vv] k"hfsf] /]s{8af6 a'lemg] hlt
n]lvPsf] 5 _
eg]/ dfg axfb'/ lj=s=n] aRrfnfO{ b'a} xft / b'a} v'§fdf /Vv]
sNnL afFwL lbP . dfg axfb'/sf cg';f/ afx| aif{ kl5 of] sNnL
vf]Nbf klg plQ g} ;/bd gfËnf]df Ps kfyL wfg, Ps dfgf rfdn,
Ps dfgf hfF8, Ps dfgf /S;L, e]6L k};f, s'v'/fsf] efn], w'k alQ
cflb rflxG5 . w'k alQ afn]/ vf]Ng' k5{ . of] /Vv] sNnL jfFw]/
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