Introduction to Probability
Probability is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of events that are subject
to chance. It quantifies uncertainty and provides tools for predicting the likelihood of
various outcomes.
Probability values range from 0 to 1, where 0 means an event is impossible, and 1 means it
is certain. For example, the probability of flipping a fair coin and getting heads is 0.5.
There are different types of probability: theoretical probability is based on reasoning,
experimental probability is based on actual trials, and subjective probability is based on
personal judgment.
The basic formula for probability is: P(A) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number
of possible outcomes.
Probability theory is widely used in science, engineering, finance, and everyday decision-
making. For example, it is essential in weather forecasting, quality control, insurance risk
assessment, and gambling analysis.
In more advanced studies, concepts like conditional probability, independent and
dependent events, and probability distributions are explored. Tools such as probability
trees and Venn diagrams help visualize and solve probability problems.
By understanding probability, we can make informed predictions and decisions in
situations involving uncertainty.