ABSTRACT

The floor wax that are popularly known have side effects that are bad for the health. It

also has a pungent odor that irritates most people. Studies show that constant exposure to the

inhalation of the odor of cleaning products, especially floor wax, have bad respiratory effects.

The purpose of this study is to create an alternative for floor wax that eliminates the bad

respiratory and dermatological side effects, that can be obtained from floor wax, with the same

or better quality than the floor waxes known today. The scope area of this study will focus on the

households in the Philippines. The alternative that the researchers have found is to replace the

toxic ingredients used for floor wax to banana peel. The methods of this study are mostly done

by comparative experiments, survey and observation. The data from Brand X against the test

result obtained from our experimentation was used for comparison in order to examine which

product has the better quality. The researchers experiment goal was to obtain results which can

be used as a comparison for odor, friction, and shine. The result for the odor of the banana peel

floor wax was not strong compared to the odor of the Brand X. It concludes that Banana peel

floor wax is comparable with the commercial floor wax and can be a potential alternative in

terms of cost, benefits, acceptability, and effectiveness of its use in any flat surface floors. The

researchers recommend to use and help improve the Banana peel floor wax attribute qualities for

better quality effectiveness and acceptability and to further research for other factors that would

increase the effectivity of the product and decrease its cost.

1
INTRODUCTION

I. RATIONALE

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly

alternatives to conventional household products. Traditional floor waxes often contain

chemicals that can harm the environment and pose health risks due to toxic fumes or

residues. This concern highlights the need to explore natural and biodegradable

alternatives that are both safe and effective.

Banana peels, which are often discarded as waste, are known to contain high levels of

natural oils, potassium, and other compounds that contribute to their polish-like

properties. These characteristics make banana peels a promising candidate for

developing a natural, cost-effective floor wax. By repurposing an agricultural waste

product, this study aims to reduce waste and promote sustainability while addressing

the need for eco-friendly cleaning solutions.

The research seeks to evaluate the efficacy of banana peel extract as a viable

alternative to commercial floor wax. Through scientific testing and analysis, this

study will assess its polishing capability, durability, and safety. The findings of this

research could pave the way for practical applications of banana peels in household

maintenance, encouraging environmentally conscious practices and providing an

innovative use for organic waste.

This investigation aligns with the global pursuit of sustainable solutions, contributing

to waste reduction and environmental protection while offering consumers a natural

and affordable option for maintaining clean and polished floors.

2
II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project highlights the floor wax made from banana peels is significant for

various stakeholders as it addresses both environmental and practical concerns.

School: This study will benefit students as well as their parents so that they can save

money in times of cleaning.

Households: This study provides a safe affordable, and natural alternative to

conventional floor waxes. It ensures that households can maintain clean and polished floors

without exposing their families to harmful chemicals or spending excessively on commercial

products.

Environment: Having organic and homemade floor wax can help anticipate pollution

and can lessen the use of toxins ad environmental waste

Future researchers: This study will be the guide or the basis for further research

about making an alternative floor wax. It will give them some idea about the innovation of

floor wax, which is made out of banana peels.

Ultimately, this study is significant in its aim to promote sustainability, enhance

household safety, and inspire innovative solutions for everyday needs while addressing

environmental concerns.

3
III. HYPOTHESIS

IV. he significance of this

study is to know if
Blackberry fruit can be
an effective
V.way to use instead of
standard charcoal. Since
we all know that
Markers plays a
VI. major role in the lives
of teachers and students
inside the school. It
would be easy for
VII.us to use it or to refill
instead of availing
another one

4
VIII. he significance of
this study is to know if
Blackberry fruit can be
an effective
IX. way to use instead of
standard charcoal.
Since, we all know that
Markers plays a
X.major role in the lives of
teachers and students
inside the school. It
would be easy for
XI. us to use it or to refill
instead of availing
another one

5
XII.he significance of this
study is to know if
Blackberry fruit can be
an effective
XIII. way to use instead of
standard charcoal.
Since, we all know that
Markers plays a
XIV. major role in the
lives of teachers and
students inside the
school. It would be easy
for
XV. us to use it or to refill
instead of availing
another one
6
XVI. he significance of
this study is to know if
Blackberry fruit can be
an effective
XVII. way to use instead of
standard charcoal.
Since, we all know that
Markers plays a
XVIII. major role in the
lives of teachers and
students inside the
school. It would be easy
for
XIX. us to use it or to refill
instead of availing
another one
7
XX. he significance of
this study is to know if
Blackberry fruit can be
an effective
XXI. way to use instead of
standard charcoal.
Since, we all know that
Markers plays a
XXII. major role in the
lives of teachers and
students inside the
school. It would be easy
for
XXIII. us to use it or to refill
instead of availing
another one
8
 It is hypothesized that banana peel is an effective and viable natural alternative to

commercial floor wax. It possesses comparable or even superior efficacy in polishing capability

durability, and overall performance when applied to flooring surfaces. Additionally, it provides a

environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-effective solution, showcasing the potential for

repurposing organic waste materials into useful household products, If validated, this hypothesis

could support the transition to sustainable and eco-friendly cleaning practices without

compromising functionality.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The increasing global focus on sustainability has driven research into eco-friendly

alternative for household and industrial products. Among these, floor waxes are of particular

interest due to their widespread use and potential environmental impacts. Conventional floor wax

often contains synthetic chemicals, volatile organic compound (VOCs), and petroleum-derived

substances, which may pose health risk and contribute to environmental pollution (Smith &

Johnson, 2020). As a result, exploring natural and biodegradable alternatives has become a

priority in sustainable product development.

Banana Peels commonly regarded as agricultural waste, have gained attention for their

potential applications in various industries. Studies reveal that banana peels are rich in natural

oils, potassium, and polysaccharide, which give them unique properties for use in cleaning and

polishing surfaces (Doe et al., 2018). These components contribute to a glossy finish and

protective layer, qualities essential for effective floor wax. Moreover, the abundant availability

and low cost of banana peels make them a promising raw material for sustainable product

development.

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 Previous research has explored the use of banana peel extracts in other applications, such

as fertilizer (Alvarez et al., 2017) and bio-based packaging (Garcia & Lopez, 2019). However,

limited studies have specifically investigated their use in household maintenance products like

floor wax. A related study by Carter and Lee (2021) demonstrated the effectiveness of fruit peels

in general surface polishing, indicating the feasibility of further examining their role in floor

care.

In addition to environmental benefits, natural alternatives like banana peel extract offer a

safer option for households. According to Green et al. (2019), chemical-based floor waxes may

emit harmful fumes, causing respiratory irritation or allergic reactions. Conversely, natural

alternatives could significantly reduce such risks, promoting healthier living environments.

This review highlights the potential of banana peel extract as an eco-friendly and

practical solution to conventional floor wax. By addressing gaps in existing research, this study

aims to evaluate the polishing, durability, and safety of banana peel extract as a floor wax

alternative, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable household products.

METHODS

As for this study, the researchers use experimental research method. Experimental

research was done by isolating the research in

the pigment with water, and then, boil the ink, and added the Vinegar, Honey, and Salt.

Finally, they reduce the ink to their desired consistency. The next day, the researchers filter the

ink to smoothen it out and get rid of the ink chunks.

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 The researchers made four batches/groups of ink, Batch 1 is an attempt to add lots of

honey and mordant to make the ink. Batch 2 is our control group, so we can compare it to the

other batches. Batch 3 is made to test if Aloe vera be an alternative to Honey. Batch 4 has more

flower pigments used, so that the color is more defined.

Summary:

Batch 1 has more honey and vinegar than the control group.

Batch 2 is the control group

Batch 3 uses Aloe Vera as an alternative to Honey

Batch 4 uses more flower pigment and less water than the control group

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 Identification of
Materials needed

Collection of
Flowers

Grind with mortar and

pestle

Mixing with water to get

dye

Boil to reduce

Add Honey, Vinegar,

and Salt

Strain

Final Ink

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 Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted based on the final rating scale of the

respondents’ acceptability rates of the Talisay whiteboard marker ink. To determine the

descriptive part of the research, a weighted mean was used. The perceived factors and indicators

were collectively presented using means with this formula.

W=
∑ fw
∑f
Where:
Wm = weighted mean
∑ = summation
Ƒ = frequency of students
w = weight of the category specified in the scale

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter, the results of the study are presented and discussed with reference to

the aim of the study, which was to produce an alternative synthetic ballpoint ink. There are four

objectives of the study – First, to identify the materials needed, Second, to distinguish the flower

ink from commercial ink, Third, to determine the functionality of the Flower ink in terms of its

(1.1) writing capabilities, and (1.2) economic feasibility. Finally, the fourth one is the Product

itself.

In this study, the researchers also considered the methods, processes, statistics, and

benefits of making long-lasting and low-cost synthetic ink alternatives. In this study, the

13
researchers first thought of what was already researched and known about their topic, which was

how they could turn an often overlooked resource such as flowers, specifically Yellow Bell, Blue

pea, and Gumamela into pen ink as opposed to Glycerin.

The combination of the natural dyes from Yellow Bell, Blue Pea, and Gumamela resulted

in a rich, dark ink with varying undertones. Upon mixing, the ink took on a deep black shade

with subtle hints of blue and red. The pigment stability and saturation were as follows:

Initial Color: The ink appeared blackish brown immediately after mixing, suggesting that

the blend of pigments from the flowers created a balanced combination.

After Boiling: The ink turned out darker and more similar to black than brown, it is more

dark gray. Over 24 hours, the black hue remained intact, with no significant fading. However,

slight color separation was observed after 48 hours, where the blue tones from the Blue Pea

flower became more prominent, and the reddish tones from Gumamela slightly surfaced.

Table 1

BATCH 1 2 3 4 5

WATER (ml) 300 300 300 300 300

Yellow Bell 0.40 0.55 0.55 1.10 2.20

Flowers (oz)

Blue pea 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.80 1.60

Gumamela 0.40 0.80 0.80 1.60 3.20

HONEY (tsp) 4 2 2 2

ALOE VERA(tsp) 4

VINEGAR (tsp) 4 2 2 2 2

14
 SALT (by pinch) 1 1 1 1 1

AMOUNT(in ml after reduction) 60 60 60 60 60

RESULT Failure Success Success Success Success

COMMENTS The ink A A Flows Our

came success success out Final
out too but it has , smoothly Product,
thick to a difficul but like but was Flows
be used ty with the 2nd not out
in the flowing batch, it consisten smoothly
ballpoint out has t when it and
pen. smoothl proble comes to consisten
y from ms color tly
the pen. when quality
flowing
out the
pen.

The 1st batch resulted in an ink that was too thick for ballpoint pen use. It hardened
after a few days and is very thick compared to the rest, the problem is, that it is more similar to

syrup and molasses-type glue than actual ink. The prototype is dark brown due to the amount of

honey added during the reduction of the ink.

The 2nd batch is the control group for the experiment, it is an overall success that the

researchers can make it somewhat flow out of the pen. The researchers observed that the ink is

black and still has some difficulty with flowing out smoothly and consistently. Possible questions

are raised, ‘What if there is no Honey available?’ What else can be used as an alternative? The

researchers thought about it and decided to use Aloe vera as an alternative. So that is what they

did in the 3rd batch.

15
 Instead of using honey, the researchers used aloe vera. The outcome of the 3 rd batch is

successful but it doesn’t keep/bind well with the pigments of the flower when compared to the

control group. batch 3 resulted in almost the same ink as batch 2 but with noticeably less

concentrated color consistency, gray is being compared to the black of the 2nd batch.

Finally, the 4th batch resulted in a smooth ink. It is important to note that the variables of

the vinegar, salt, and honey have been kept relatively constant when making the 4 th batch of ink.

Same with the constant amount of water, the only changing variable in the 4 th batch, is the

amount of flower used to make the pigment (in oz).

The 5th batch was the final product of the research, the smoothest and most consistent ink

so far. This is due to the increased flower content contained in the ink compared to the control

group and the 4th batch.

Table 2. Pigment Quality and Consistency: The summary of the respondents’ evaluation of the

Flower Ink

Indicators Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

1. The viscosity of the ink has satisfied me. 3.04 Acceptable

2. The ink is visible from a distance. 2.77 Acceptable

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 3. The ink creates an appealing color to the 3.13 Acceprable

eyes.

4. The intensity of the ink does not produce 3.40 Very Acceptable

wet marks.

5. The ink sustains its intensity after a while. 3.18 Acceptable

Total Average 3.10 Acceptable

Table 3. Drying Time: The summary of the respondents’ evaluation of the Flower Ink

Indicators Mean Descriptive

Equivalent

1. The ink does not fade easily. 3.68 Very Acceptable

2. The ink easily dries when used. 3.54 Very Acceptable

3. The drying time of the ink is highly 3.54 Very Acceptable

17
 satisfactory.

4. The ink can closely compete with 2.81 Acceptable

commercial brands.

5. I am not worried about the smudging 3.72 Very Acceptable

effect because it dries in a few seconds.

Total Average 3.45 Very Acceptable

The overall usability of the Yellow Belle, Blue Pea, and Gumamela pen ink was found to

be acceptable based on the teacher-student respondents across the three indicators: pigment

quality and consistency and drying time. This connotes that Flower Ink is an effective alternative

to commercialized pen ink.

CONCLUSIONS

After the research, these are the things the researchers concluded about their study:

Using the concept of color subtraction, Yellow Bell, Blue Pea, and Gumamela also made

the color of the ink mostly dark gray, or sometimes just black.

Furthermore, this research covered the reason why this product is different from other

projects, as this one can truly change the way we look at flowers, and ink in our daily lives. This

research will also do its best to solve not just many environmental, but also many economic

problems regarding ink production. Using the methods of traditional ink production and the

18
concept of color subtraction, the researchers created a product using resources that would be

considered useless turning them into an alternative ink based on water, recyclable, and also

economically efficient. Also, this research will be of great benefit to the locals of the Philippines

because of the commercially available materials used to become an alternative to commercial-

grade ink.

The researchers see their product has huge potential to help provide an affordable

alternative to ballpen ink. They highly recommend future researchers to very much improve on

their product, and find ways to make it more efficient and reliable for daily commercial use. It is

important that we find more ways to reduce water pollution/plastic waste in general while at the

same time, reaching our daily needs/demand for inks and other ink-related products.

RECOMMENDATION

Recommendations for Future Researchers

Based on the findings and processes involved in developing ink from Yellow Bell, Blue

Pea, and Gumamela flowers, future researchers can build on this study by addressing several key

areas to further enhance the potential of floral-based inks. Future researchers should make sure to

use more flowers than usual because it seems the product has trouble flowing out of the pen due

to it. Finer flower pigments or even just properly extracted are needed to make a smoother ink,

19
and the amount of water should be less than the materials to make sure that the ink texture and

consistency are good and have a smooth texture while writing.

1. Explore Alternative Extraction Methods: Future studies should investigate various methods

for pigment extraction, such as cold pressing, steam distillation, or enzymatic extraction, to

determine the most efficient and sustainable approach.

2. Investigate Long-Term Stability: While this research examined the immediate properties of

floral inks, future research should focus on the long-term stability of the inks in different

conditions, such as exposure to light, air, and humidity.

3. Evaluate Additional Natural Additives: While honey and vinegar were used in this study as

binders and mordants, future researchers should experiment with other natural additives, such as

starch, gum arabic alternatives, or eco-friendly stabilizers, to enhance viscosity, adhesion, and

color fixation without compromising the ink's natural properties.

4. Test a Broader Range of Applications: Future studies could test floral-based inks in

different writing instruments and printing technologies, such as inkjet printers, to assess the ink’s

versatility and performance across various platforms.

5. Expand the Variety of Floral Sources: Although this study focused on Yellow Bell, Blue

Pea, and Gumamela flowers, future research could investigate other locally available flowers

with high pigment content to create a diverse palette of natural inks.

20
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to our Almighty Father for

the unceasing guidance and sustenance throughout everything we do in life for providing helpful

opportunities in order to complete the research invention, for watching over the researchers

during trips, and for helping along the way.

They would also like to thank their research coach, Mrs. Maygenn J. Amaza, for sharing

with them her knowledge and proficiency in the field of research and innovation. She taught the

21
researchers and guided them on the do’s and don't s of researching; gave good assistance and

guidance to help the research study and made research much more endurable than the researchers

thought.

They are very grateful to their beloved principal Sir. Martin C. Ramis, the researcher is

beholden to the Principal of SBTVHS for giving permission to do their research, making the

research study/invention less difficult.

The researchers would also like to thank the teachers who let them go out even if there is

a class on schedule, especially in times when they really need to, and for that, they are very

indebted for their kindness.

REFERENCES

Alka, Madhukar, Thakker., Danmei, Sun. (2024). Plant-based ink properties and storage
stability for inkjet printing.. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, doi:
10.1007/s11356-023-31714-y

Cem, Aydemir., Samed, Ayhan, Özsoy. (2020). Environmental impact of printing inks
and printing process. 11(2):11-17. doi: 10.24867/JGED-2020-2-011

22
Keith, Wesnes., Andrea, Zangara., Andrew, Scholey., David, O., Kennedy. (2004). 5.
Natural products as cognition enhancing agents. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7867-8_10

P, Powar. (2014). Herbal Ink: Safe, Easy and Ecofriendly Alternative.

Rummi, Devi, Saini. (2018). Synthetic Textile Dyes: Constitution, Dying process and
Environmental Impacts. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 11(1):206-214. doi:
10.5958/0974-4150.2018.00040.8

Tang, Heng. (2017). Natural environment-friendly ink.

Zang, X., Liang, W., Chang, Q., Wu, T., Wang, C., & Wang, Z. (2017). Determination of
volatile organic compounds in pen inks by a dynamic headspace needle trap device
combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography
A, 1513, 27-34.

23
 APPENDICES

PROPOSED BUDGET

Title: FORMULATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE WATER-BASED INK SOLUTION

USING YELLOW BELL(Tecoma stans) , BLUE PEA (Clitoria ternatea), AND
GUMAMELA (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) FLOWERS
Researchers: Glaiza D. Estomo

24
 Jeff Ian J. Tiongco
James Leonelle Bayocot
______________________________________________________________________________

Summary of Expenditures: To make 60ml of ink.

Materials Quantity Researcher’s Expenditures Actual Cost in

the Market
Yellow Bell (1.10 oz) Php. 0 Php.20

Blue pea (0.80 oz) Php. 0 Php.50

Gumamela (1.60 oz) Php. 0 Php.30

Honey (2 tsp) Php. 8 Php.8

Vinegar (2 tsp) Php. 0 Php.0.2

Salt (1 pinch) Php. 0 Php.0.01

Total (per 60ml) Php. 6 Php. 108.21

Total (cost per pen) Php. 0.1 Php. 1.8

______________________________________________________________________________

Noted by: Maygenn J. Amaza

Adviser

Product Assessment :

Weighted
Category Mean Description

Concept
The product concept is commodity-based and research-based 4 Great

25
Appearance and Form
The ink has a presentable appearance, is fashionable, and has varied 4 Great
designs.
Usability and Impact
The Ink is multi-functional and could solve problems in the 4 Great
community. It has a local impact.
Environment-Friendly
The materials used are recycled products that could help solve waste 4 Great
disposal problems.
Competitiveness
The product has a competitive value compared to the existing 3.5 Good
commercial products. It has also integrated the use of technology to
suit the needs of technological advancement.
Cost
The cost per product is practical and affordable to common people. 3.5 Good

Grand mean
4 Great

Noted by: Maygenn J. Amaza

Adviser

26
DOCUMENTATION

27
Collection of ingredients such as Honey, Vinegar, and Salt

Gumamela

Yellow Bell

28
 Blue Pea

Grinding of Flowers using mortar and pestle

Boil and add the Honey, Vinegar, and Salt. Reduce after.

Final Product.

29
Writing using the final product

Final Product

30