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Sperm and How It Works

Sperm are male reproductive cells essential for fertilizing the female egg, produced in the testes through a process called spermatogenesis. They consist of a head, midpiece, and tail, enabling them to swim and deliver genetic material for reproduction. Factors such as diet, exercise, and lifestyle choices significantly influence sperm health and fertility.

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Ismail Salifu
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48 views4 pages

Sperm and How It Works

Sperm are male reproductive cells essential for fertilizing the female egg, produced in the testes through a process called spermatogenesis. They consist of a head, midpiece, and tail, enabling them to swim and deliver genetic material for reproduction. Factors such as diet, exercise, and lifestyle choices significantly influence sperm health and fertility.

Uploaded by

Ismail Salifu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sperm and How It Works

Introduction

Sperm are the male reproductive cells responsible for fertilizing the female egg (ovum) to start the
process of human reproduction. They are produced in the testes of males and are microscopic in size,
but they carry half of the genetic material needed to create a baby.

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1. Structure of Sperm

A single sperm cell has three main parts:

Head: Contains the genetic material (DNA) and a special enzyme that helps it enter the egg.

Midpiece: Packed with mitochondria that produce energy for movement.

Tail (Flagellum): Helps the sperm swim toward the egg.

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2. How Sperm is Produced


Sperm production is called spermatogenesis.

It happens inside the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

The process takes about 64–72 days to produce mature sperm.

After production, sperm are stored in the epididymis until ejaculation.

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3. How Sperm Works in Reproduction

1. Ejaculation: During sexual intercourse, sperm are released in a fluid called semen.

2. Travel: Millions of sperm travel through the female reproductive tract toward the egg.

3. Fertilization: Only one sperm successfully enters the egg, combining genetic material to form a zygote,
which later develops into a baby.
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4. Lifespan of Sperm

Inside the male body: Sperm can live for several weeks in the testes before ejaculation.

Inside the female body: Sperm can survive up to 5 days in the right conditions.

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5. Factors That Affect Sperm Health

Positive Factors: Healthy diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, staying
hydrated.

Negative Factors: Stress, drug use, high temperatures, poor diet, certain medical conditions.

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Conclusion
Sperm are tiny but powerful cells that play a crucial role in creating life. Maintaining good health and
avoiding harmful habits can improve sperm quality and boost fertility.

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