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MTH302 Important Questions Formulas With Examples

The document outlines important short and long questions related to Numerical Analysis, including definitions, formulas, and methods such as Newton-Raphson, Bisection, and Trapezoidal Rule. It also provides key formulas and solved examples for practical applications of these methods. The content is structured to aid in understanding and applying numerical techniques effectively.

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13 views2 pages

MTH302 Important Questions Formulas With Examples

The document outlines important short and long questions related to Numerical Analysis, including definitions, formulas, and methods such as Newton-Raphson, Bisection, and Trapezoidal Rule. It also provides key formulas and solved examples for practical applications of these methods. The content is structured to aid in understanding and applying numerical techniques effectively.

Uploaded by

sweatfamily95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH302 Numerical Analysis - Important Questions,

Formulas & Solved Examples

Important Short Questions


1 Define absolute error, relative error, and percentage error.
2 Write Newton-Raphson iteration formula.
3 Write the difference between interpolation and extrapolation.
4 What is the order of convergence?
5 State the Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rule formula.

Important Long Questions


1 Solve given equation using Newton-Raphson method (2 iterations).
2 Solve given equation using Bisection or False Position method.
3 Construct interpolation polynomial using Newton’s forward/backward difference formula.
4 Construct Lagrange interpolation polynomial for given data.
5 Integrate using Trapezoidal or Simpson’s rule with error estimation.
6 Solve initial value problem using Euler’s or Runge-Kutta method (2 steps).
7 Solve a system of equations using Gauss-Seidel or Jacobi iteration (1 iteration).

Key Formulas to Remember


• Newton-Raphson: x■■■ = x■ - f(x■) / f'(x■)
• Secant Method: x■■■ = x■ - f(x■)(x■ - x■■■) / (f(x■) - f(x■■■))
• Bisection: x = (a + b)/2 (stop when |f(x)| < tolerance)
• Trapezoidal Rule: I = h/2 [y■ + 2(y■ + y■ + ... + y■■■) + y■]
• Simpson’s 1/3 Rule: I = h/3 [y■ + 4(y■ + y■ + ...) + 2(y■ + y■ + ...) + y■]
• Lagrange Polynomial: P(x) = Σ [y■ * Π (x - x■)/(x■ - x■)] for j≠i
• Euler’s Method: y■■■ = y■ + h * f(x■, y■)
• Runge-Kutta 4th order: y■■■ = y■ + 1/6(k■ + 2k■ + 2k■ + k■)

Solved Example 1: Newton-Raphson Method


Find the root of f(x) = x³ - x - 2 starting from x■ = 1.5 using Newton-Raphson (2 iterations).
Solution:
f(x) = x³ - x - 2, f'(x) = 3x² - 1
Iteration 1: x■ = x■ - f(x■)/f'(x■) = 1.5 - (1.5³ - 1.5 - 2)/(3(1.5²)-1) = 1.5 - (3.375 - 1.5 - 2)/(3(2.25)-1)
= 1.5 - (-0.125)/(5.75) ≈ 1.5217
Iteration 2: x■ = 1.5217 - (1.5217³ - 1.5217 - 2)/(3(1.5217²)-1) ≈ 1.5214
Root ≈ 1.5214

Solved Example 2: Trapezoidal Rule


Compute ∫■¹ (x²) dx using Trapezoidal rule with n=4.
Solution:
h = (1 - 0)/4 = 0.25
x: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1
y: 0², 0.25², 0.5², 0.75², 1² → 0, 0.0625, 0.25, 0.5625, 1
T = h/2 [y■ + 2(y■+y■+y■) + y■] = 0.25/2 [0 + 2(0.0625+0.25+0.5625) + 1] = 0.125[0 + 2(0.875) +
1] = 0.125(2.75) = 0.34375
Exact value: 1/3 ≈ 0.3333 → Error ≈ 0.0104

Solved Example 3: Runge-Kutta (4th order)


Solve dy/dx = x + y, y(0)=1 for one step with h=0.1 using RK4.
Solution:
k■ = h f(x■, y■) = 0.1(0+1)=0.1
k■ = h f(x■+h/2, y■+k■/2)=0.1(0.05+1.05)=0.110
k■ = h f(x■+h/2, y■+k■/2)=0.1(0.05+1.055)=0.1105
k■ = h f(x■+h, y■+k■)=0.1(0.1+1.1105)=0.1211
y■ = y■ + (k■ + 2k■ + 2k■ + k■)/6 = 1 + (0.1+2*0.110+2*0.1105+0.1211)/6 ≈ 1.11034

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