Permutations and Combinations Exercise (RV)

Section A – A calculator is allowed in this session.

1. [Maximum mark: 4]
Find the number of ways in which twelve different baseball cards can be given to Emily,
Harry, John, and Olivia, if Emily is to receive 5 cards, Harry is to receive 3 cards, John is
to receive 3 cards and Olivia is to receive 1 card.

2. [Maximum mark: 4]
Tyler needs to decide the order in which to schedule 11 exams for his school. Two of
these exams are Chemistry (1 SL and 1 HL).
Find the number of different ways Tyler can schedule the 11 exams given that the two
Chemistry subjects must not be consecutive.

3. [Maximum mark: 6]
A police department has 4 male and 7 female officers. A special group of 5 officers is to
be assembled for an undercover operation.
a. Determine how many possible groups can be chosen. [2]
b. Determine how many groups can be formed consisting of 2 males and 3 females.
[2]
c. Determine how many groups can be formed consisting of at least one male. [2]

4. [Maximum mark: 6]
A school basketball team of 55 students is selected from 88 boys and 44 girls.
a. Determine how many possible teams can be chosen.[2]
b. Determine how many teams can be formed consisting of 33 boys and 22 girls? [2]
c. Determine how many teams can be formed consisting of at most 33 girls? [2]

5. [Maximum mark: 6]
In an art museum, there are 8 different paintings by Picasso, 5 different paintings by Van
Gogh, and 3 different paintings by Rembrandt. The curator of the museum wants to hold
an exhibition in a hall that can only display a maximum of 7 paintings at a time.

The curator wants to include at least two paintings from each artist in the exhibition.
a. Given that 7 paintings will be displayed, determine how many ways they can be
selected. [4]
b. Find the probability that more Rembrandt paintings will be selected than Picasso
paintings or Van Gogh paintings. [2]
6. [Maximum mark: 4]
Peter needs to decide the order in which to schedule 14 exams for his school. Two of
these exams are Biology (1 SL and 1 HL).
Find the number of different ways Peter can schedule the 14 exams given that the two
Chemistry subjects must not be consecutive.

7. [Maximum mark: 6]
An arts and crafts store is offering a special package on personalized keychains.
Customers can choose to personalize their keychains with up to 3 different charms from a
selection of 6 different types of charms.
Determine how many ways a customer can personalize a keychain if
a. The order is important. [3]
b. The order is not important. [3]

8. [Maximum mark: 6]
Ten students are to be arranged in a new chemistry lab. The chemistry lab is set out in
two rows of five desks as shown in the following diagram.

a. Find the number of ways the ten students may be arranged in the lab. [1]

Two of the students, Hugo and Leo, were noticed talking to each other during previous
lab sessions.

b. Find the number of ways the students may be arranged if Hugo and Leo must sit
so that one is directly behind the other. For example, Dest 1 and Desk 6. [2]
c. Find the number of ways the students may be arranged if Hugo and Leo
must not sit next to each other in the same row. [3]

9. [Maximum mark: 7]
A professor and five of his students attend a talk given in a lecture series. They have a
row of 8 seats to themselves.
Find the number of ways the professor and his students can sit if
a. the professor and his students sit together. [3]
b. the students decide to sit at least one seat apart from their professor. [4]
10. [Maximum mark: 6]
Julie works at a bookstore and has nine books to display on the main shelf of the store.
Four of the books are non-fiction and five are fiction. Each book is different. Determine
the number of possible ways Julie can line up the nine books on the main shelf, given that
a. the non-fiction books should stand together; [2]
b. the non-fiction books should stand together on either end; [2]
c. the non-fiction books should stand together and do not stand on either end. [2]

11. [Maximum mark: 5]

Sophia and Zoe compete in a freestyle swimming race where there are no tied finishes
and there is a total of 10 competitors.
Find the total number of possible ways in which the ten swimmers can finish if Zoe
finishes
a. in the position immediately after Sophia; [2]
b. in any position after Sophia. [3]

12. [Maximum mark: 6]

There are 11 players on a football team who are asked to line up in one straight line for a
team photo. Three of the team members named Adam, Brad and Chris refuse to stand
next to each other. There is no restriction on the order in which the other team members
position themselves.
Find the number of different orders in which the 11 team members can be positioned for
the photo.
13. [Maximum mark: 11]
Sophie and Ella play a game. They each have five cards showing roman numerals I, V, X,
L, C. Sophie lays her cards face up on the table in order I, V, X, L, C as shown in the
following diagram.

Ella shuffles her cards and lays them face down on the table. She then turns them over
one by one to see if her card matches Sophie's 4 card directly above. Sophie wins
if no matches occur, otherwise Ella wins.
a. Show that the probability that Sophie wins the game is . [6]

Sophie and Ella repeat their game so that they play a total of 9090 times. Let the discrete
random variable X represent the number of times Sophie wins.

b. Determine:
i. the mean of X;
ii. the variance of X. [5]

14. [Maximum mark: 6]

The barcode strings of a new product are created from four letters A, B, C, D and ten
digits 0,1,2, … ,9. No three of the letters may be written consecutively in a barcode
string. There is no restriction on the order in which the numbers can be written.
Find the number of different barcode strings that can be created.
15. [Maximum mark: 25]
Jack and John have decided to play a game. They will be rolling a die seven times. One
roll of a die is considered as one round of the game. On each round, John agrees to pay
Jack $4 if 1 or 2 is rolled, Jack agrees to pay John $2 if 3,4,5 or 6 is rolled, and who is
paid wins the round. In the end, whoever earns money wins the game.

224
a. Show that the probability that Jack wins exactly two rounds is . [3]
729
b.
i. Explain why the total number of outcomes for the results of the seven
rounds is 128.
ii. Expand (1 + 𝑦) and choose a suitable value of y to prove that
128 = + + + + + + + .
iii. Give a meaning of the equality above in the context of the seven
rounds. [4]
c.
i. Find the expected amount of money earned by each player in the game.
ii. Who is expected to win the game?
iii. Is this game fair? Justify your answer. [3]

d. Jack and John have decided to play the game again.

i. Find an expression for the probability that John wins five rounds on the
first game and two rounds on the second game. Give your answer in the
form

where the values of r, s and t are to be found.

ii. Use your answer to (d) (i) and seven similar expressions to write down the
probability that John wins a total of seven rounds over two games as the
sum of eight probabilities.
iii. Hence prove that
= ∑7𝑘=0 . [9]

e. Now Jack and John roll a die 12 times. Let A denote the number of rounds Jack
wins. The expected value of A can be written as

i. Find the value of a and b.

ii. Differentiate the expansion of (1 + 𝑦) to prove that the expected
number of rolls Jack wins is 4.
Section B – A calculator should not be used.
16. [Maximum mark: 6]
An arts and crafts store is offering a special package on personalized keychains.
Customers can choose to personalize their keychains with up to 3 different charms from a
selection of 6 different types of charms.
Determine how many ways a customer can personalize a keychain if
a. The order is important. [3]
b. The order is not important. [3]

17. [Maximum mark: 18]

Consider the family of polynomials of the form 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 where
coefficients a, b, c and d belong to the set {2, 6, 8, 24}.
a. Find the number of possible polynomials if
i. each coefficient value can be repeated;
ii. each coefficient must be different. [4]

Consider the case where 𝑃(𝑥) has 𝑥 + 3 as a factor, two imaginary roots, and all the
coefficients are different.
b.
i. By considering the sum of the roots, find the two possible combinations
for coefficients a and b.
ii. Show that there is only one way to assign the values a, b, c,
and d if 𝑃(0) = 24. [7]

Now, consider the polynomial with the coefficients found in part (b) (ii).
c.
i. Express 𝑃(𝑥) as a product of one linear and one quadratic factor.
ii. Determine the three roots of 𝑃(𝑥). [7]

18. [Maximum mark: 7]

There are six office cubicles arranged in a grid with two rows and three columns as
shown in the following diagram. Aria, Bella, Charlotte, Danna, and Emma are to be
stationed inside the cubicles to work on various company projects.

Find the number of ways of placing the team members in the cubicles in each of the
following cases.

a. Each cubicle is large enough to contain the five team members, but Danna and Emma
must not be placed in the same cubicle. [2]
b. Each cubicle may only contain one team member. But Aria and Bella must not be
placed in cubicles which share a boundary, as they tend to get distracted by each
other. [5]