Some ~pplications of

• Trigonometry
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1 ~ angleof_ ·:
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Trigonometry means, the science which
deals with the measurement of triangles

_____l _____________

INTRODUCTION
One of the important applications of trigonometry is p
in finding the heights and distances of the points
which are not directly measurable. This is done with
the help of trigonometric ratios.

Thus Trigonometry is very useful in geography,

astronomy and navigation. It helps us to prepare maps, Angle of elevation
determine the position of a landmass in relation to the 0 Horizontal line X
longitudes and latitudes. Surveyors have made use of
this knowledge since ages. ANGLE OF DEPRESSION
The angle between the horizontal line drawn through
The angle of elevation or depression is the angle the observer eye and line joining the eye to any object
between the line of observation and the horizontal is called the angle of depression of the object, if the
line according as the object is at a higher or lower object is at a lower level than the eye i.e., If a horizontal
level than the observer. The angle of elevation or line OX is drawn through 0, the eye of the observer,
and P is an object in the vertical plane through OX,
depression is always measured from horizontal line
then if P is below OX, as in fig. LXOP is called the
through the point of observation. angle of depression of Pas seen from 0.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
The angle between the horizontal line drawn through
the observer eye and line joining the eye to any object
o -Horizontal
---- line
-x
Angle of depression
is called the angle ofelevation ofthe object, ifthe object
is at a higher level than the eye i.e., If a horizontal line
OX is drawn through O, the eye of the observer, and P
is an object in the vertical plane through OX, then if P
p
is above OX, as in fig. LXOP is called the angle of
elevatton
• or the altitude of Pas seen from 0.

MATHEMATICS
~------------ 195-----------
Some Appllcations ofTrlgonometry

REMARK: (C) the altitude of the sun when the length of the
0
A<····••U••·····"·"""· ..•••••••••• ........
Angle of depression shadow is 7 ✓3 m.
Sol. Let AB be the vertical post and its shadow is 21 m
when the altitude of the sun is 30°.
(A) BC=2lm, LACB=30°,AB=hmetres
AB O h I
Angle of elevation> X
p ............................................. ABC is rt. !:,., BC= tan30 ⇒ 21 =✓3

h=~= 7x ✓3x ✓3 = 7✓3

⇒ Jj Jj
⇒ AB = h, Height of the pole = 7Jj
(B) In this case, we have,
L ACB=60°,BC=xmAB= 7✓3 m
ABC is rt. !:,., then :

AB =tan 60° =✓3

I. The angle of elevation as well as angle of depression BC
are measured with reference to horizontal line.
⇒ !!..=Jj ⇒ 7✓3 = ✓3
2. All objects such as towers, mountains etc. shall be X X

considered as linear for mathematical convenience, ⇒ x = BC, Length of the shadow = 7 m.

throughout this section. (C) In this case :
3. The height of the observer, is neglected, if it is not AB=h= 7✓3
given in the problem. BC = The length of the shadow = 7.fj m
4. Angle of depression of Pas seen from O is equal to the when the altitude of the sun is 8
angle of elevation of 0, as seen from P. AB 7✓3
i.e., LAOP = LOPX. ABC is rt. 11 then - =tan 0 = r,; =lan 0
' BC 7v3
5. To find one side a right angled triangle when another tan0 = I =tan45° ⇒ 8=45°
side and an acute angle are given, the hypotenuse Altitude of the sun= 8 = 45°
also being regarded as a side.

6.
Required
. ·ct = a certain T-ratio of the given angle.
G1vens1 e
The angle of elevation decreases as the object moves
towards the right of the line of sight. ~
LJ~ h=i/3 m►IB
7. The angle of depression decreases as the object moves [Example-2 }
towards the right of the line of sight.
A 1.6 m tall girl stands at a distance of3.2 m from the
( SOLVED EXAMPLE ) lamp-post and casts a shadow of 4.8 m on the ground.
Find the height of the lamp-post by using
'Example-I } trigonometric ratios

A vertical post casts a shadow 2 I m long when the

altitude of the sun is 30°. Find:
(A) the height of the post.
(B) the length of the shadow when the altitude of the
sun is 60°.

~:
c,.__ 21 m --.. 13 cl+-- X m---+I B
.
~II
6J
FOUNDATION (X) - - - - - - - - - 1 9 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
r mew: :
~ SomeAppllcatloneofTr1u::i

Let PQ be the position of the lamp-post whose height

sot. [Example-4 )
is h metres. i.e., PQ = h metres. AB be the position of
A man on a cliff observes a boat at an angle of
the tall girl such that AB= 1.6 m. Let BC be the shadow
depression of 30° which is approaching the sho~e to
ofAB such that BC= 4.8 m,
the point immediately beneath the observer wi th a
L ACB= LPAE=0(corr. Ls) uniform speed. Six minutes later, the angle of
(i) In right I),,, ABC, depression of the boat is found to be 600 • Fin~ the
total time taken by the boat from the initial pomt to
AB =tan0 ⇒ 1. =tan0 ⇒ tan0=_!_
6
reach the shore.
BC 4.8 3
AB=EQ= 1.6m.AlsoAE=BQ=3.2m Sol.
PE= PQ-EQ = (h- 1.6) m; In right I),,, ABC,
PE _ (h-1.6) _ _ 1 h-1.6 ·_ 1
--tan 0 ⇒ --'-----'--tan 0 -- ⇒---­
AE 3.2 3 3.2 3 h
3h-4.8=3.2 ⇒ 3h=4.8+3.2=8 ⇒ 3h=8
8 2
The height of the lamp-post=
3 m = 23 m 9L----...L.:C~--___.~D
E ,E )
X y
[Example-3 ]
Leth be the height of cliff and D & C be the position _of
A captain of an airplane flying at an altitude of 1000 the boat when its angle of depression from top of chff
metres sights two ships as shown in the figure. If the is 30° & 60° respectively.
angle of depressions are 60° and 30°, find the distance Let the distance covered be y m in 6 min.
between the ships.
Speed of boat =6ym/mm
.

InMBC
h
tan60° = -
X
1000m
h h
✓) =~ ⇒ X = ✓) ....... (i)
InMBD
Sol. Let A be the position of the captain of an airplane h
tan30°=--
flying at the altitude of 1000 metres from the ground. x+y
AB = the altitude of the airplane from the ground
1 h
=lOOOm
P and Q be the position of two ships. ✓3 - h [From (i)]
✓3+y
Let PB = x metres, and BQ = y metres.
ABP is rt. I),,, at B, ABQ is rt. /),,, at B h 2h
✓3+y=h✓3 ⇒ y= ✓3
AB= tan60o. AB= tan30°
PB ' BQ
So~=_!_ ⇒ X= y
'y 2 2
JOQQ = ✓3⇒ X = JOQO . 1000 = _1 ⇒ y =100().~
X ✓3' y ✓3 '
3
:. Total distance to be covered x + y = Y
X =: 1000(1.732) = 577 _3 ffi 2
3 . Distance
T 1me=
Required : PQ = Distance between the ships Speed
==(x +y)metres=(577.3 + 1732) m
=2309.3m }y 6 9 .
• "'otal time taken = -
' . I'
- x = mm.
2xy

MATHEMATICS
 E~~~ ./ =

EXERCISE-I
Q.l A line drawn from the eye of an observer to the point in Q.6 The upper part of a tree is broken over by the wind
the object viewed by the observer is called: makes an angle of 30° with the ground and the distance
( 1) Line of inclination from the root to the point where the top of the tree
(2) Horizontal line meets the ground is 15m. The height of the broken part
(3) Line of sight is :
(4) Vertical line (1) 15 sin 30°m (2) 15 cos 30°m
(3) 15 tan 30°m (4) 15 sec 30°m
Q.2 In figure 1 the angle 0 is called
HorimntaJ IC\oel Q.7 A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends
I. . 8 so that the top of the tree touches the ground making
~o~ an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of
~,
'#1..
the tree to the point where the top touches the ground
-----~<Jbjcct
is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
( 1) angle of inclination.
(2) angle of depression. (1) ✓3m (2) 2✓3m
(3) alternate angle.
(4) obtuse angle. (3) 4✓3m (4) 8✓3 m

Q.3 Which of the following is/are correct?

Q.8 A pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2 ✓3 m long on the
... A
-o~
~
ground, then the Sun's elevation is
(1) 60° (2) 45° (3) 30° (4) 90°
Horizontal line
O~f-=-J-----c
Q.9 The length ofa shadow ofa pole is J3 times the length
06.s-e of the pole. Then angle of elevation of the sun is :
'i-.;,,,. B
"o~ (1) 30° (2) 60° (3) 90° (4) 45°
( 1) 01 is the angle of elevation.
(2) 02 is the angle of depression. Q.10 The angle of elevation of the top of an unfinished tower
(3) The angle of elevation or depression is always at a point of distance 120 m from its base is 45°. How
measured from horizontal line through the point of much height must the tower be raised so that the angle
observation of elevation be 60° ?
(4) All of these
(1) 120 (✓3+1) m (2) (✓3 +l)m
Q.4 If the angle of elevation of sun increases from 0° to 90° (3) 120(✓3-l)m (4) None
then the change in the length of shadow of Tower will
be:
(1) No change in length of shadow Q.11 If 300✓3 m high tower makes angle of elevation at a
(2) Length of shadow increases point on ground which is 300 m away from its foot,
(3) Length of shadow decreases then find the angle of elevation.
(4) Length of shadow will be zero (1)30° (2)45° (3)60° (4)Noneofthese

Q.5 A tree is broken by the wind. Its top struck the ground Q.12 If the angle of elevation of the sun is 60°, then the
length ofthe shadow of a vertical pillar ofheight h will be :
at an angle 30° at a distance of30 m from its foot. The
whole height of the tree is:
h
(1) - (2) h✓3
✓3
(l) l0✓3m (2) 20✓3m
h
(3) h✓2 .Ji
(3) 40✓3m (4)30✓3m (4)

FOUNDATION (X) ----------!@Jr----------------

 Some Appllc.otJonl of myum,,, ...-,

Q.13 A kite is flying at a height of 60 m above the ground. Q.19 In 6 PQR, L R =90", L. p =30", PQ = ✓13. From the
The string attached to the kite is temporarily tied to a given infonnation find the value of cosec60" - sec60"?
point on the ground. The inclination ofthe string with
the ground is 6(1'. Find the length ofthe string, assuming p
that there is no slack in the stimg.
(1) 10✓3 m (2) 20✓3 m 30

(3) 30✓3m (4) 40✓3m

Q.14 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a

QL-.-- -_,R
point on the ground, which is 30 maway from the foot
of the tower, is 3fY'. Find the height of the tower.
(I) ✓3m (2) 5✓3m
(1)(1- ~)
(3) 10✓3m (4) 15✓3m
../13 ✓39)
(2)(2--2-
A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope, which is
✓39___
(
Q.15 ../13)
tightly stretched and tied from the top of a vertical pole ( ) _2
3 2_
to the ground. Find the height of the pole, if the angle
by the rope with the ground level is 30° (see figure). (4) 2(~-1)
(1)5m (2)10m
(3)15m (4)20m
Q.20 A ladder of 20 m long touches the wall at height of 10
m. The angle made by it by horizontal i s - - - -
Q.16 The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a
(1) 30° (2) 60°
wall is 60° and the foot of the ladder is 9.5 mt. away
(3) 45° (4) None
from the wall. Find the length of the ladder.
(1)17m (2)18m
(3) 19 m (4) 20 m Q.21 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a
distance 100 m from its foot is 30°. The height of the
Q.17 From the top of a tower 120 m. high, the angle of tower is:
depression of a car is 30°, find how far is the car from 200
the tower. (1) I00 ✓)m (2) ✓3 m
(I) 207 .81 m (2)207. 82 m 100
(3) 207. 83 m (4) 207. 84 m (3) 50✓3m (4) ✓3 m.

Q.18 Observe the adjoing figure. From the given infonnation From a lighthouse 100 m high, it is observed that two
22
the perimeter of the triangle is given below. Choose Q-
ships are approaching it from west and south. If angles
the correct alternative? of depression of the two ships are 30° and 45°
A
respectively the distance between the ships, in meters, is :

12./2
(I) 100(✓3+1) (2) 100(✓3+1)2
(3) 200 (4) 400

Q.23 On the level ground, the angle of elevation of the top

B C
(8) (6✓3+12✓2) of a tower is 30°. On moving 20 m nearer, the angle of
(A) (18✓2 +6✓6)
elevation is 60°. The height of the tower is:
(C) .!...co1(4l' • 8) (0) (18+6✓6)✓2
• (l)I0m (2)1Sm
(l)Aand B (2) A and C
3m
(3) 10 ✓ (4) 20 m
(3) C and D (4) Only D

--------------i~-------- MATHEMATICS
(Some Appliutlona of Ti1gonometry 2

Q.24 A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind Q.28 A person walking 20 m towards a chimney in a
in a horizontal line at a height of 88.2 m from the horizontal line through its base observes that its angle
ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the of elevation changes from 30° to 45°. The height of
chimney i s - - - -
eyes of the girl at any instant is 60°. After some time,
20 20
the angle of elevation reduces to 30° (see figure). Find (2) ✓ 3-l m
(1) ✓ 3+l m
the distance travelled by the balloon during the interval.
(3) 20(✓3-l) m (4) None

.- ,
~.
,,
I
Q.29 On the level ground, the angle of elevation of the top
of a tower is 30°. On moving 20 m nearer, the angle of
elevation is 60°. The height of the tower is :
(1) 10 m (2)15m (3) 10 ✓3m(4)20m

Q.30 If the elevation of the sun changed from 30°to 60°,

then the difference between the length of shadows of a
291 ~ 292 ~ pole 15 m high, made at these two positions, is
(1) -'1'3m (2) -'1'3m
5 5

293 ~ (1) 7.5 m (2)15 m

294 ~
(3) -'1'3m (4) -v3m
5 5
Q.31 As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse
Q.25 A TV tower stands vertically on a bank ofa canal. From from the sea-level, the angles of depression oftwo ships
a point on the other bank directly opposite the tower, are 30° and 60°. If one ship is exactly behind the other
the angle of elevation of the top on the tower is 60°. on the same side of the light-house then the distance
From another point on the line joining this point to the between the two ships is:
foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of (1) 25✓3m (2) 75✓3m (3) 50✓3m (4) None of these
the tower is 30° (see figure). Find the height ofthe tower
and the width of the canal. Q.32 A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30
m tall building. The angles of elevation from his eyes
(1) ✓3 m,l0m (2) 10✓3, 10m
to the top of the building increases from 30 to 60° as
(3) 20✓3, 10m (4) 30✓3, 10m
he walks towards the building. The distance he walked
towards the building is:
Q.26 From the figure, the angle of depression ofpoint C from
the point P is : (1) 19✓3m (2) 57 ✓3m (3) 38✓3m (4) 18✓3m.
p
Q.33 The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two
points at a distance of 4 m and 9 m from the base of the
tower and in the same straight line with it are
complementary. The height of the tower is

B C (1) ✓Sm (2) ✓13m (3) 6 m (4) 2.25 m

(1) 90° (3)30° (4)45°
Q.34 A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man
Q.27 A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower of height standing at the top of the tower observes a car at an
50 m. From the top of the tower, the angles of depression angle of depression of 30°, which is approaching the
of two cars standing on the highway are 30° and 60°. foot of the tower with a uniform speed. Six seconds
What is the distance between the two cars? (in metres) later, the angle of depression of the car is found to be
100 60°. Find the time taken by the car to reach the foot of
(1) ✓3 (2) 50✓3 the tower from this point.
50 (1) 1 seconds (2) 2 seconds
(3) ✓3 (4) 100✓3 (3) 3 seconds (4) 4 seconds

FOUNDATION (X) -----------200 ---------------------

~
================::---: --:-::-:::=:-::::=="7::J
~::t]SliQiililliiiff
'- Some Appllc:atlons of Trlgonoml

Q.35 As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse Q.40 The angles ofdepressions of the top and bottom of 8 m
from the sea-level, the angle of depression of two ships tall building from the top of a multistoried building are
are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind the other 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height ofmultistoried
on the same side of the lighthouse, find the distance building and the distance between the two buildings ?
between the two ships.
(I) 4(3+ ✓3)m (2) s(3+ ✓3)m
(1) 10( ✓3-l)m (2) n( ✓3-t)m
(3) 12(3 + ../3)m (4) None of these
(3) 75( ✓3 -1 )m (4) 78(✓3-l)m
A vertical straight tree, 15m high, is broken by the wind,
Q.41
in such a way that its top just touches the ground and
QJ6 From the top of a 7 m high building the angle of
makes an angle of 60° with the ground. At what height
elevation of the top of a cable tower is 60° and the
from the ground did it break? (Use ✓3 = 1.73)
angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the
height of the tower. A
15-h
(2) 7( ✓3 +l)m C

7 7
(3) ✓3 +l m (4) ✓3-lm

(l)h=6.6m (2)h=6.7m
Q.37 Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each (3) h= 6.9 m (4) h = 6.9 m
other on either side of the road, which is 80 m wide.
From a point between them on the road, the angle of Q.42 The given diagram represents some beams which
elevation of the top of the poles are 60° and 30°, support part of a roof. If AC = 8 metres,
respectively. Find the height of the poles. LBAC = 60°, LACD = 30°, LADC = 90° and LCAE
= 90°, then the length of the beam AD is - - -
(1) 10✓3m (2)20✓3m

(3) 30✓3 m (4)40✓3m

Q.38 The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the

foot of the tower is 30° and the angle of elevation of
the top ofthe tower from the foot ofthe building is 60°.
Ifthe tower is 50m high, find the height of the building.

2 2 (1) 5 (2) 8 m (3)4 m

(1) 16-m (2) 17-m (4) 12 m
3 3
Q.43 From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the
2
(3) 18-m (4) None of these bottom and the top of a transmission tower fixed at the
3 top of a 20 m high building are 45° and 600 respectively.
Find the height of the tower.
Q.39 A statue, 1.6 m tall, stands on the top of a pedestal.
(1) 14. 61 m (2) 14. 62 m (3) 14. 63 m (4) 14. 64 m
From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of
the top of the statue is 60° and from the same point the Q.44 The angle of elevation of a jet plane from a point A on
angle of elevation of the top ofthe pedestal is 45°. Find the ground is 60°. After a flight of 15 seconds, the
the height of the pedestal. angle of elevation changes to 30°. lfthe plane is flying
{]) 0.4(✓3+t)m (2) 0.6( ✓3 + 1)m at a constant height of 1500 ✓3 m, find the speed ofthe
jet plane.
(3) 0.8( ✓3 + 1)m (4) None of these (1) 700 km/hr (2) 710 km/hr
(3) 720 km/hr (4) 730 km/hr

MATHEMATICS
Q.45 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from the Q.52 The angles ofdepression of the top and the bottom ofa
top and bottom of a building of height 'a' are 30" and 7 m tall building from the top of a tower are 45° and
45° respectively. If the tower and the building stand at 60" respectively. Find the height of the tower in metres.
the same level, the height of the tower is. 7
(1) 7 (3 + ✓ 3) (2) 2(3- ✓ 3)
3a
(1) 3- ✓3 (2) a( ✓3-1) (4) 7(3 - ✓3)

3
(3) a...;_(_+_
✓3.. :. .) (4) Both A and C
Q.53 The upper part of a tree is broken over by the wind
2 makes an angle of30° with the ground and the distance
from the root to the point where the top of the tree
Q.46 An aeroplane flying horizontally 1 km above the ground meets the ground is 15m. The height of the broken
is observed at an elevation of 60° and after part is-
10 seconds the elevation is observed to be 30". The (l) 15 sin 30° m (2) 15 cos 30° m
(3) 15 tan 30° m (4) 15 sec 30° m
uniform speed of the aeroplane in km/h is:
(1) 240 (2) 240✓3 Q.54 If the angles of depression and elevation of the top of
(3) 60✓3 (4) None of these a tower of height h from the top and bottom of a second
tower are x and y respectively, then the height of the
second tower is :
Q.47 A ladder is in.clined to a wall making an angle of 30"
(1) b(cot y + cotx) (2) b (tan x + tan y)
with it. A man is ascending the ladder at the rate of 2
(3) b(l + tan x coty) (4)h(tanycotx+ I)
metres/second. How fast is be approaching the wall ?
(1) 2 mis (2) 1.5 mis Q.55 An observer 1.5 m tall is 28.5 m away from a chimney.
(3) 1 mis (4) 2.5 mis The angle of elevation of the top of the chimney from
her eyes is 45°. The height of the chimney is:
Q.48 Two men standing on opposite sides of a flagstaff (1) 30 m (2) 27 m (3) 28.5 m (4)Noneofthese.
measure the angles ofthe top ofthe flagstaff is 30" and
60°. If the height of the flagstaff is 20 m, distance Q.56 A person standing on the bank of a river observes that \
between the men is : the angle subtended by a tree on the opposite bank is
(1)46.19m(2)40m (3)50m (4)30m 60. When he retires 40 meters from the bank, he finds
the angle to be 30. The breadth of the river is
Q.49 The top of two poles of heights 20 m and 14 m are (1)20m (2)40m (3)30m (4)60m
connected by a wire. If the wire makes an angle of30"
with the horizontal, then the length of the wire is Q.57 A man is standing on the deck of a ship, which is 10 m
(1)40m (2)12m (3)28m (4)68m above water level. He observes the angle of elevation
of the top of a hill as 60° and the angle of depression of
Q.50 The angles ofdepression of two ships from the top of a the base ofthe hill as 30°. Calculate the distance ofthe
lighthouse are 45° and 30" towards east. If the ships hill from the ship and the height of the hill.
are I 00 m apart, the height of the lighthouse is (l) h = 20 m (2) b = 40 m (3) h = 80 m (4) h = 100 m

Q.58 From the top of a building 60 m high, the angles of

50 50
(2) ✓3-1 m depression of the top and the bottom of a tower are
(I) ✓3+lm
observed to be 30° and 60°. Find the height ofthe tower.
(3) 50 (.J3 + I) m (4) None of these (I)l0m (2)20m (3)30m (4)40m

Q.59 From a window 15 metres high above the ground in a

Q.51 The angle of elevation of the top of a hill at the foot of
street, the angles of elevation and depression of the
a tower is 600 and the angle of elevation of the top of
top and the foot of another house on the opposite side
the tower from the foot of the hill is 30°. If the tower is
of the street are 30° and 45° respectively. Show that
50 m high, what is the height of the hill ?
the height oftbe opposite house is 23.66 metres (Take
(I) 180m (2) 150m (3) 100m (4) 120m
✓3 = 1.732)
FOUNDATION (X) -----------202 --------------------
 Some Appllcatlona of Trigonometry

D Q.64 A 25 m ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a

building. The foot of the ladder is 7m from the base of
p the building. lfthe top of the ladder slips 4m, then the
foot of the ladder will slide
C

A .................... C
(I) h = 23 .62 m (2) h = 23.64 m
(3) h = 23.66 m (4) h = 23.68 m
E...::::..---'-'-'-"--- =7-m-~ B
Q.60 The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from the foot
(1)5 (3)9m (4)15m
ofa tower is 60" and the angle of elevation of the top of
the tower
r from the foot of hill is 30°. Ifthe tower is 50 Q.65 A kite is flying at a height of 30 m from the ground.
mt. high, what is the height of the hill. The length of string from the kite to the ground is 60
(1) 100 m (2) 120 m (3) 150 m (4) 180 m m. Assuming that there is no slack in the string, the
angle of elevation of the kite at the ground is :
Q.61 The angle of depression of the top and bottom of a 7m
(1) 45° (2) 30° (3) 60° (4) 90°
tall building from the top of a tower are 45° and 60°
respectively. The height of the tower is : Q.66 On the level ground, the angle of elevation of the top
(1) 16.56m(2) 16.06m(3) 16.50m(4) 16.68m of a tower is 30°. On moving 20 metres nearer to it the
Q.62 If two towers of height x and y subtend angles of 30° angle of elevation becomes 60°. The height ofthe tower is
and 60° respectively at the centre of a line joining their (1) 10 m (2) 15 m (3) 20 m (4) 10✓3 m
feet, then x : y equals to
Q.67 A right triangle has angles which measure 30, 60 and
(1)3:1 (2)1:3 (3)1: ✓3 (4) ✓3:1 90 degrees. If the perimeter of this triangle is 15 +

Q.63 A wall 8m long casts a shadow 5 m long. At same time, 5✓3 then the length of the hypotenuse of this triangle,

a tower casts a shadow 50 m long, then the height of is:

tower is: (1) 5 (2) 7.5
(1) 40 m (2) 60 m (3) 80 m (4) 100 m (3) 10 (4) 12.5

• EXERCISE-II
------ ,. ----- --

Q.1 The angle formed by the line of sight with the Q.3 If the angle of elevation of the sun is 8 and the length
horizontal when the point being viewed above the of the shadow of pole oflength Piss, then
horizontal level is called
( l) angle of elevation. (2) acute angle.
(3) angle of depression. (4) right angle.
A
Q.2 If a person standing on the bank of a river finds that
the angle ofelevation of the top of a tower on the other
bank directly opposite to him is 45°, then
p
( l) the height of the tower is half the breadth of the
nver.
(2) the height of the tower is twice the breadth of the
nver. s
C B
(3) the height of the tower is same as the breadth of
the river.
( l) P = s cos 0. (2) P =scot e.
(4) the height of the tower if thrice the breadth of the
(3) P = s / cot 0. (4) P = s I cos e.
nver.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __.) 203 - - - - - - - - - - MATHEMATIC~

 Some AppllcaOona of T11go,-y

Q.4 An observer 1 m t:alt is 20 m away from a tower. The Q.10 A person on the top of a tower observes a scooter
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from his eyes moving with uniform velocity towards the base of the
is 45°, then the height of the tower is tower. He finds that the angle of depression changes
(1) 20 m. (2) 21 m. (3) 27 m. (4) 30 m. from 30° to 60° in 18 minutes. The scooter will reach
the base of the tower in next:
Q.5 The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point h metres ( 1) 9 minutes
above a lake is 8. The angle of depression of its
(2) 18 / ( ✓3 - 1) minutes
reflection in the lake is 45°. The height of the cloud is
(3) 6 ✓3 minutes
(I) h tan (45° + 8) (2) h cot (45° - 8) (4) the time depends upon the height of the tower
(3) h tan (45° - 8) (4) h cot (45° + 8)

Q.6 In the given figure ABCD is a rectangle in which Q.ll From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of
segments AP and AQ are drawn as shown. The length depression of the banks on opposite sides of the
of (AP+ AQ) is river are 30° and 45° respectively. If the bridge is at a
height of 3 m from the banks then the width
D C of the river is:

pr (I) 3(../3-l)m (2) 3 ( ✓3 + 1) m

30cm

A-60cm-B
l (3) (3+ ✓3)m (4) (3- ✓3)m

{I) 180 cm (2) 120 cm Q.12 From a lighthouse 100 m high, it is observed that two
(3) 150 cm (4) 100 cm ships are approaching it from west and east. lf angles
of depression of the two ships are 30° and 45°
Q.7 A pole 25 mt. long stands on the top of a tower 225 mt. respectively the distance between the ships, in meters,
high. If'8' is the angle subtended by the pole ata point is:
on the ground which is at a distance of 2.25 km from
the foot of the tower, then tan 8 is equal to
(I) 100( ✓
(3) 200
3+ l) (2) 100( ✓
(4) 400
3 +l r
(I) 1/90 (2) 1/91 (3) 1/10 (4) 1/9

Q.8 A straight tree is broken due to thunderstorm. The Q.13 The shadow of a stick of height l m, when the angle of
broken part is bent in such a way that the peak of the elevation of the sun is 60°, will be
tree touches the ground at an angle of 60° at a distance
(I) l/2✓3m. (2) 1 / 3m.
of 2 J3 m. Find the whole height of the tree.
{I) 12.925 m (2) 12.926 m (3) 1/ ✓3 m. (4) ✓3m.
(3) 12.927 m (4) 12.928 m
Q.14 The angles of elevation of an article satellite measured
from two earth stations are 30° and 40° respectively.
Q.9 As observed from the top of a light house, l 00m above
If the distance between the earth stations is 4000 km,
sea level, the angle of depression of a ship, sailing
then the height of the satellite is
directly towards it, changes from 30° to 45°. Determine
(I) 2000 km. (2) 2828 km.
the distance travelled by the ship during the period of
(3) 3464 km. (4) 6000 km.
observation.
Q.15 A, B and O are collinear points on the ground such
that B is between A and O and distance AB = l 0 m. if
the angles of elevation of the top of the vertical tower
JOO m at O are respectively 30° and 60° as seen from A and
B, then the height of the tower is
(I) ,fj m. (2) 2✓3 m.
A--+ d +--B p
(1)73.1 m (2) 73.2 m (3)73.3 m (4)73.4 m (3) 5✓3m. (4) 6✓3 m.

FOUNDATION (X) -----------l~r-------------

 The angle of elevation of the top ofa building from the Q.23 A person on the top of a tower observes a scooter mov-
Q.16
foot tower ,is 30° and the angle of elevation of the top ing with uniform velocity tov.~ the base of the to\\~er.
of the tower from the building is 60°. lt the tower is He finds that the an2le of depression changes from 30°
30m. high, then the height of the building is to 60° in 18 minut~ The scooter will reach the base of
(1)30m (2)20m (3)15m (4)10m the tower in next:
(1) 9 minutes
Q.17 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a point
(2) 18 / (Ji-I) minu1es
on the ground is 30. If on walking 20 metres towards
the tower, the angle of elevation becomes 60, then the (3) 6 Jj minutes
height of the tower is (4) the time depends upon the height ofthe 10wer
IO
(1) 10 metre (2) ✓3 metre
Q.24 Two poles of height 'a' and 'b' stand at the
(3) 10 ✓3 metre (4) None of these centres of two circular plots which touch each other
externaly at a point and the two poles
Q.18 The angles of elevation of the top of the tower from subtends angles of30° and 6(f-' respectively at this point,
two points in the same straight line and at a distance of then distance between the centres of these plots is:
9 m. and 16 m. from the base of the tower are comple- (3a+b)
mentary. The height of the tower is: ( 1) a+ b (2) Jj
(]) 18 m. (2) 16 m. (3) 10 m. (4) 12 m.
a+3b
(3) ✓3 (4) a✓3 +b
Q.19 From the top of alight house 60 meters high with its
base at the sea level, the angle of depression of a boat
is 15°. The distance of the boat from the foot of light Q.25 The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 rn
house is above a lake is 30° and the angle of Depression of the

[ ✓3-1) [ ✓3+1) 60 m
reflection of cloud In the lake is 60°. Find the height of
(1) ✓3
+I 60 m (2) ✓3-l the called.
(1) 120m (2) 60 m
(3) [ ✓3-l m
✓3+1) (3) 100 m (4) 150 m
(4) None of these

Q.26 The angles of depression oftwo consecutive kilometre

Q.20 A man from the top of a 100 meters high tower sees a stones on the road on right and left of an aeroplane are
car moving towards the tower at an angle of depression 60° and 45°, respectively as observed from the
of30. After some time. the angle of depression becomes
aeroplane. Find the height of the aeroplane.
60. The distance (in meters) travelled by the car during
(I) 0.631 km (2) 0.632 km
the time is
(3) 0.634 km (4) 0.636 km
(I) 100✓3 (2)
20
~✓3 (3) I0~✓3 (4) 200✓3 Q.27 An aeroplane is at an altitude of 1200 m. Find that two
ships are sailing towards it in the same direction. The
Q.21 A man observes that when he moves up a angles of depression of the ships as observed from the
distance 'c' metres on a slope, the angle of aeroplane are 60° and 30°, respectively. Find the
depression of a point on the horizontal plane from the distance between both ships.
base of the slope is 30°, and when he moves up furture (l) 1385. l m (2) 1385. 2 m
a distance 'c' metres, the angle of depression of that (3) 1385 . 6 m (4) 1385. 8 m
point is 45°. The angle of inclination of the slope with
the horizontal is : Q.28 ~etermine the height of a mountain, if the elevation of
(I) 60° (2) 45° (3) 75° (4) 30° its top at an unknown distance from the base is
300 and
at a dis1ance l Okm further off from the mountru·
Q.22 If the elevation of the sun changed from 30° to 60°,
. n. alon,g
the same hne, the angle of elevation is 150_ (Tak
then the difference between the length of shadows of a I 5° = 0.27) e tan
pole 15 m hight, made at these two positions, is : (l)h=2km (2)h==3km
15 (3)h=5km (4)h==7km
(I) 7.5 m (2) 15 m (3) 10✓3 (4) Jj

----------------------1t2iis_..:-------------
MATHEMATICS
 Q.29 There is a flag staff on a tower of height 20 m. At a Q.35 The angle of elevation of top of a vertical tower from a
point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the foot point P on the ground is 60°. At a point Q, 40 m
and top of the flag are 45° and 60°, respectively. Find vertically above P, the angle of elevation is 45°. Find
the height of the flag staff. the height of tower.
(1)14:00 (2)14:62
(3) 14: 64 (4) 14: 66 (1) 40✓3 (2) 40✓3
✓3-1 ✓3+1
Q.30 A bridge on a river makes an angle of45° with its edge.
It the length along the bridge from one edge to the other
(3) 20✓3 (4) 20✓3
is 150 m, then find the width of the river. ✓3+1
✓3-1
(1)102.05m (2)104.05m
(3) 106. 05 m (4) 108. 05 m
Q.36 A tower subtends an angle of30° at a point on the same
Q.31 As observed from the top of a light house, 100m above level as the foot of tower. At a second point 'h' m high
sea level, the angle of depression of a ship, sailing above the first, the depression of the foot of tower is
directly towards it, changes from 30° to 45°. Determine 60°. Toe horizontal distance ofthe tower from the point is:
the distance travelled by the ship during the period of
h hcot60°
observation. ✓3
(l) ✓3 (2)
(1) 75.3 m (2) 73.2 m
(3) 68.59 m (4) 74.56 m
hcot60°
(3) 3 (4) h cot 30°
Q.32 An aeroplane is flying horizontally at a height of3150
m above a horizontal plane ground. At a particular
instant it passes another plane vertically below it. At Q.37 A boy is standing on the ground and flying a kite with
this instant, the angles of elevation of the planes from a a string of length 150 mat an angle of elevation of 30°,
point on the ground are 30° and 60°. Hence, the distance another boy is standing on the roof of a 25 m high
between the two planes at that instant is building and is flying his kite at an elevation of 45°.
(1) 1050 m (2) 2100 m Both the boys are on opposite sides of both the kites.
(3) 4200 m (4) 5250 m Find the length of the string (in metres) correct to two
decimal places, that the second boy must have so that
Q.33 There is a small island in the river which is l 00 m the two kites meets.
wide and a tall tree stands on the island. P and Q are
(1)70.71m (2) 70. 72 m
points directly opposite each other on the two banks
(3) 70 .7 3 m (4) 70. 74m
and in line with the tree. If the angles of elevation of
the top of the tree from P and Q are respectively 30° Q.38 The angle of elevation of the top Q of a vertical tower
and 45°, find the height of the tree (in metres) PQ from a point X on the ground is 60°.
(1) 50 ( ✓3 - I) (2) 50 ( ✓3 + 1) At a point Y, 40m vertically above X, the angle of
(4) 100 ( ✓3 elevation is 45°. Find the height of the tower
(3) 100 ( ✓3 + l) - 1)
PQ and the distance XQ.
(1) 109.1 m
Q.34 An aeroplane at an altitude of 300 m observes the
(2) 109.2 m
angles of depression of opposite points on the two
banks of a river to be 45° and 60°. Opposite points (3) 109.3 m
on the two banks of a river are on the opposite site (4) None of these
aeroplane. The width of the river is:
Q.39 Two pillars of equal height are on either side of a road,
(I) (300 - JOO ..fi) m which is 100m wide. The angles of elevation of the top
of the pillars are 60° and 30° at a point on the road
(2) (300 + 100 ..fi) m between the pillars. Find the position of the point
between the pillars and the height of each pillar.
(3) (300 ✓3 + 100) m
(l) 43. l m (2) 43.2 m
(4) (300 ✓3 - 100) m (3) 43.3 m (4) 43 .4 m

f' FOUNDATION (X) - - - - - - - - - - - 206 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-=---== ===== ===== =~=== ===== ===== =:--~~ Som:'. :'• Appllcatlon• of Trttono;;;;;J

Q.40 Ranjan is sitting at a height of 8 m on a tall tree in the Q.44 A JO metre ladder is leaned up against a vertical wall
middle of a river. He observes two poles directly in such a way that the mid point of the ladder is twice
opposite each other on the two banks of the river and as far from the ground as it is from the wall. How
in line with the foot of the tree. If the angles of high up on the wall does the ladder reach -
depression of the feet of the poles from the point at 5✓3 m
(1) 6✓2 m (2)
which Ranjan is sitting on either side of the river are
60° and 30° respectively, find the width of the river. (3) 4✓5m (4) 3✓7m

Q.45 Two persons are 'a' metres apart and the height of
one is double that of the other. If from the middle
point of the line joining their feet, an observer finds
the angular elevation of their tops to be
complementary, then the height of the shorter person
in metre is _ _ _ _ _ __
(1) 18.471 m (2) 18.472 m a
a
(3) 18.473 m (4) 18.475 m (1) - (2) ✓2
4
Q.41 A vertical pole consists of two parts, the lower part a
being one third ofthe whole. At a point in the horizontal (3) a✓2 (4) 2✓ 2
plane through the base of the pole and distance 20
meters from it, the upper part of the pole subtends an
Q.46 The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is
found to be 40 m longer when sun's altitude is 30° than
angle whose tangent is ½. The possible heights of the when it was 60°. What is the height of the tower?
pole are: (1) 15✓2m (2) 20✓2m
(1) 20 m and 20✓ 3 m (2) 20m and 60 m
(3) 22✓2m (4) 18✓2m
(3) 16m and 48 m (4) None of these
Q.47 A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base
Q.42 (I) The angle of elevation ofthe top of a hill at the foot
of a lamp post at a speed of 1.2 mis. If the lamp is 3.6
of the tower is 60° and the angle of elevation of the top
m above the ground, find the length ofher shadow after
of the tower from the foot ofthe hill is 30°. If the tower
4 seconds.
is 50 m high, then height of the hill is 150 m.
(1) 1.2 m (2) 1.6 m
(In An aeroplane flying horizontally 1 km above the
(3) 1.9 m (4) 2.2 m
ground is observed at an angle of 60°. After 10
seconds, its elevation changes to 30°. Then the Q.48 The an~le of elevation of the top of a tower standing
speed of the areoplane is 527.04 km/h. on a honzontal plane from a point A is a. After walking
(IInA man in a boat rowing away from light house a dista_nce_'d' towards the foot of the tower the angle of
100 m high takes 2 minutes to change the angle of
elevation 1s found to be 13, The height of tower is :
elevation of the top of the light house from 60° and
. 30°. Then the speed of the boat is 40 m/minute d d
1 2
Which is true ? ( ) tan fi - tan a < ) cot a - cot fi
(1) I (2) II
(4) None of these d d
(3) III 3 (4) - - -
( ) cota +cotfi tana + tanfi
Q.43 A boy standing on a horizontal plane finds a bird flying
Q.49 A round substance of radius r subtends an angle 2a at
at a distance of 100 m from him at an elevation of 30°.
A girl standing on the roof of 20 m high building finds ~he eye o~the observer while the angle of elevation of
the angle of elevation of the same bird to be 45°. Both its c~ntre is p. Then the height of the centre of the balloon
the boy and the girl are on opposite side of the bird. vertically above the horizontal level of eye is:
Then the distance of the bird from the girl is : • l3 . rsina
( 1) rsm sm a (2)-:---
(I) 30✓3m (2) 30✓2m smp
rsin p
( 3)-:-- p
(3) 20✓2m (4) 20✓3m sma (4) r cosec a cosec

--------------1@?)--------- MATHEMATICS
r Appllcatlona ot Trtgonometry .../ = 0

Q.50 The height of a tower is •h' and the angle of elevation Q.56 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower, as seen
from two pionts A & B situated in the same line and at
of the top of the tower is a. On moving a distance h distances 'p' and 'q' respectively from the foot of the
2
towards the tower, the angle of elevation becomes p. tower, are complementary, then the height of the tower is :
What is the value of cot a - cot p ? (l)pq (2)p/q
1 2 (3) ,Jpq (4) None of these
(1)2 (2)3 (3)1 (4)2
Q.57 In the given figure a and b are measured in
Q.51 A tower of height h standing at the centre of a square degrees. Which one of the following statement is not
with sides oflength a makes the same angle a at each of correct?
a2 A
the four comers. Then 2 2 is :
h cot a ~
(1) 1 (2) 3 / 2 (3) 2 (4) 4 B
, / D~ C
Q.52 A balloon of radius r subtends an angle a at the eye of (l)P>a (2)secP=2
an observer and the elevation of the
centre of the balloon from the eye is p, the height h of (3) tan3a = ✓3 (4) sin(/3-a) = .}i
the centre of the balloon is given by :
rsin/3 Q.58 The height of a tower is 'h' and the angle of elevation
(l) sina (2) r sin p sin a h
of the top of the tower is a.. On moving a distance
rsin f3
2
rsma towards the tower, the angle of elevation becomes p.
(3) sin(a/2) (4 ) sin(/3/2) What is the value of cot a. - cot P ?
1 2
Q.53 AB is vertical tower. The point A is on the ground and (1) - (2) -
2 3
C is the middle point of AB. The part CB subtend an
(3) 1 (4) 2
angle a at a point Pon the ground. If AP= n AB, then
tan a=
Q.59 The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 'x' m
2
n n n above a lake is 8 and the angle of depression of its
(1) n(n2 +1) (2) 2n2 -1 (3) 2n2 +l (4) 2n2 +1 reflection in the lake is 45°. The height of the cloud is:
(1) xtan(45°-0)
Q.54 The top of a hill observed from the top and
(2) xtan(45° + 0)
bottom of a building of height 'h' is at angles of elevation
p and q respectively. The height of hill is : 1
(3) -cot(45°-8)
hcotp hcotp X

(I) cotq-cotp 2
( ) cotp-cotq 1
(4) -cot(45°+8)
X
htanp htanp
( 3 ) tan p-tanq (4) tanq-tanp Q.60 A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is
surmounted by a vertical flagstaff of height h. At a point
on the plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom of
Q.55 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a
the flagstaff is a. and that of the top of flagstaff is p.
point A due south of the tower is 'a' and from a point B
Find the height of tower o
due east of the tower is 'P'- IfAB= d, then the height of t
htana h
the tower is : (1)
tanp-tana C
+
d d tana
(1)
../tan 2a - tan 2 /3
(2) 2 2
../tan a+ tan /3 (2)
tanP-tana X
t
tana
d d (l

(3) (4) (3) h(tanP- tana) A -Y--+ B

2 2 2
../cot a -cot 2 f3
../cot a+ cot f3 (4) None of these

FOUNDATION()() --------@[)1---------------
- ~
.....__
Som• Appllcatlons of Trlgonom.,
.,,,,J

Q.l The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from two Q.9 A peacock sitting on the top of a tree observe~ a se~ent
points distant a and b (a> b) from its foot and in the on the ground making an angle of depression 30 • If
same straight line from it are 30° and 60°. The height the peacock with a speed of300 m per minute catch_es
of the tower is the serpent in 12 seconds, then the height of the tree 1s:
(1) a+ b (2) ✓ ah (3) ../a+ b (4) ab (1) 30 m (2) 30✓3m
Q.2 A tower is on a horizontal plane. The angles ofelevation 30
of top of the tower from two points on a line passing (3) Jjm (4) 15 m
through the foot of the tower at distances 49 m and 36
m are 41 ° and 49°. The height of the tower is Q.10 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from two
(1) 40 m (2) 42 m (3) 44 m (4) 46 m. points at a distance of 'a' and 'b' (a> b) from its foot
and in the same straight line from its are 30° and 60°.
Q.3 Ifthe angles of elevation ofthe top of a tower from two
point at distances 'a' and b' from the foot of the tower The height of the tower is
b 1
and are in the same line, are complementary, the height (3) ✓ ab
(1) a✓ 3 (2) ✓ 3 (4) ✓ ab
of the tower is
(1) ab (2) ✓b (3) ✓ a (4) ✓,;£
Q.11 The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point I 00
Q.4 There are two temples one on each bank of a rivers just metre above the surface of a lake is 30° and the angle
opposite to each other. One temple is 40 m high. As of depression of its image in the lake is 60° then height
observed from the top of this temple, the angle of of the cloud above the lake is
depression of the top and foot of the other temple are (1) 100 m (2) 50 m
30° and 60° respectively. The width of river is (3) 200 m (4) 150 m
(1) 40✓3 m (2) 40 m
3 3 Q.12 A tree, 20 m high, being broken by the wind, the top
120 80 struck the ground at an angle 30°. Find the ratio in which
(3) .fjm (4) ✓ 3m tree is broken:-
(1) I : 4 (2) 1 : 3
Q.5 From the top of a tower of h m high, the angles of (3) 1 : 2 (4) 2: 3
depression of two objects, which are in line with the
foot of the tower are a and 13 (a< 13). Find the distance Q.13 From the top of a hill 200 ✓3 m high, the angle of
between two objects.
(2) h(cot a - tan P) depression of a ship moving towards-the hill is 30°
(1) h(tan a - tan 13)
(4) h(cot a+ cot 13) After 2 minutes its angle of depression becomes 60° :
(3) h(cot a- cot 13)
then the speed of the ship assuming it to be uniform is :
Q.6 The angles of elevation of the top of a 12 m high tower (1) l0km/hr (2) 12km/hr
from two points in opposite directions with it are (3) 14km/hr (4) 18km/hr
complementary. If distance of one point from its base
Q.14 The shadow of a tower, when the angle of elevation of
is 16 m, then distance ofsecond point from tower's base is
(1)24m (2)9m the sun is 30° is found to be 10 metre longer than when
(4)18m it was 60°. The height of the tower will be
(3)12m
(1)5✓3m (2)5(✓3-l)m
Q.7 If the shadow of vertical tower is equal to its height at
any moment. At that moment the angle of elevation of (3) 5( ✓3 + i)m (4) 3✓5m
the sun will be:
(1) 0° (2) 30° (3) 45° (4) 90° Q.15 If a flagstaff of 6 metres high placed on the top of a

Q.8 The length of shadow of a building, when the sun's tower throws a shadow of 2✓ 3 metres along the ground
altitude is 60°, is 20 m less than what it was when then the_angle (in degrees) that the sun makes with the
ground 1s :-
it was 45°. The height of the building is _ _
(1) 600 (2) 300
(I) 54.48m (2) 47.32m
3
( ) 450 (4) none of these
(3) 64.32m (4) 57.48m

-------------@2)-------- MATHEMATICS
 Q.16 From the top of a 60 m high tower, the angles of Q.22 AB and CD are two poles of height h 1 and h 2
depression of the top and bottom of pillar are 30° and respectively. Point 'Q' is the centre of segment AC.
60° respectively. Then the height of the pillar is When the observer looks at the Top of the poles from
(I) 20 m (2) 20✓3m point 'Q' the angle of elevation formed is 30° and 60°
respectively. Find the ratio ofh 1 and~-
(3) 40 m (4) 40✓3m

Q.17 Angle of elevation of a tower from a point at a distance D

of 15 meter from foot of the tower is 60°. Height of
tower is
(1) 15 meter (2) ✓3 meter

15
(3) 15✓3 meter (4) ✓3 meter

A Q
Q.18 The string of a kite of length 1OOm makes an angle of
60° with the horizontal ground. Imaging that there is
(1) I : 2 (2) 2: 3
no slack in the string, the height of the kite from the
ground is- (3) I: ✓3 (4) 1 : 3
(1) 50✓3m (2) 100✓3 m
(3) 50✓2m (4) 100 m Q.23 A pole of height 6 m casts shadow of 2✓3 m on the
ground. Find the angle of elevation of the sun.
Q.19 The tip of a partially broken tree touches the ground at (1) 90° (2) 45°
a point l Om from foot of it and makes an angle of (3) 30° (4) 60°
elevation of 30° from the ground. Then, the height of I

the tree is-

Q.24 A tree breaks into two parts due to heavy wind such
10 20 that the upper part makes an angle of3 0° with the plane.
(1) ✓3m (2) 10✓3 m (3) ✓3m (3) 30✓3 m
The place where the upper part of the tree touches the
ground is at a distance of IO m from the base point of
Q.20 PQR is a field in the form of an equilateral triangle.
Two vertical poles of height 50 metres and 32 metres the tree. The height of the tree is
are erected at P and Q respectively. The angles of (1) 10✓3m (2) 10✓2m
elevation of the top of the two poles from R are
complementary to each other. There is a point S on PQ
such that from it the angles of the top of the two poles (4) 5✓2m
are equal then QS is _ _ __
Q.25 If the shadow of 10 m high tree is 10✓3m, then the
25 17
(1) 15 41 (2) 18 40 angle of elevation of sun is
(1) 60° (2) 90°
21 19
(4) 16 25 (3) 45° (4) 30°
(3) 19 23

Q.26 If the ratio of the length of a vertical rod and the length
Q.21 From the top of a building of height 'h' meter, the angle
of its shadow is 1 : I then angle of elevation of sun is
of elevation of the top of the tower is 'a' and angle of
(1) 30° (2) 45° (3) 60° (4) 90°
depression of the foot of the tower is '13 '. The height of
the tower is
Q.27 A vertical stick 20 m long casts a shadow 1Om long on
h + ( tan a + tan j3) h ( tan a + tan 13)
2 the ground. At the same time, a tower casts a shadow
(I) tanl3 ( ) tanl3
50 m long on the ground. The height of the tower is
h tan( a+ 13) h + tan(a+P) (I) 100 m (2) 120 m
(3 ) tan j3 (4) tanf3 (3) 25 m (4) 200 m

FOUNDATION (X) -----------12 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 = ' SomeAppllcatloM of T r i g - ,

Q.28 From a point, at a distance of 30 m from the foot of an Q.34 A girl of height I 00 cm is walking away from the base
electric pole the angel of elevation of the top of the of a lamp post at a speed of 1.9 m/sec.
pole was found to be 600. Then the height of the pole in If the lamp is 5 m above the ground, the length of the
'm' is: shadow after 4 sec, is :
30 (I) 160 cm
(1) 30 (2) ✓3 (2) 180 cm
(3) 200 cm
(3) 15 (4) 30✓3 (4) 190 cm

Q.29 Q.35 The angle of elevation of the top of a H m. high tower

Ifthe angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two
from two points A and B on the horizontal plane are
points at the distances of 3m and 12m from the base of
60° and 30° respectively. If the distance ofA from the
the tower in the same straight line with it are
foot ofthe tower is am. then the distance ofB from the
complementary, then the height of the tower (in m) is
foot of the tower will be ........ m
(1) 36 (2) 60
(3) 6 (4) 100 H2
(I) -
a
Q.30 A verticle pole oflength 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long
on the ground and at the same time a tower casts a 2H 2
shadow 28 m long, then the height of the tower is : (2)-
a
(1) 28 m (2) 48 m
(3) 53 m (4) 42 m
(3) ✓
H
a
Q.31 If a vertical pole of height 9 m casts a shadow 3✓3 m (4) None of these
long on the ground, then the angle of elevation of the
Q.36 An insect which is climbing on a vertical pole in such a
Sun is
way that on one day it climbs a height of 2 m on next
(1) 30° (2) 45°
day it comes down 1 m. If height of the pole is 12m,
(3) 60° (4) 90°
find the no. of days in which it will reach on the top.
Q.32 A storm broke a tree and the treetop rested 13Js m (1) 11 days
from the base of the making an angle 45° with the (2) 12 days
horizontal. (3) 21 days
Find the height of the tree. (4) 22 days

(1) 26✓6m (2) 13✓3(2+ ✓2)m

Q.37 Two poles of height 12 meters and 20 meters are
standing on a plane ground. If distance between their
(3) 26✓3m (4) 26✓2 + 13✓3 m
feet is 15 meters, then the distance between upper ends
of poles will be :
Q.33 If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 'h' (I) 15 meters
meter above a lake is 'ex' and the angle of depression of (2) 16 meters
its reflection in the lake is 'W find the distance of the (3) 17 meters
cloud from the point of observation. (4) 18 meters

2hseca 2h
(l) tan p- tan a. (2) tanP- tan a

2hseca 2h
3
( ) tan p+ tan a (4) tanp+tana

~--------------®Jr--------- MATIIEMATICS
S o m e ~ of Tr\goliornetry

EXERCISE-IV

PREVIOUS YEAR'S QUESTION (IMO)

Q.1 As observed from the top of a light house, l 00 m above Q.6 From a point on the ground, 20 m away from the bottom
sea level, the angle of depression of a ship sailing of a building, the angle of elevation of the top of the
directly towards it, changes from 30° to 45°. Determine building is 60°. Find the distance of the point from the
the distance travelled by the ship during the period of top of the building. [IMO-2019)
observation. (IMO-2017) (I) 10 m (2)40.fj m
(l) 75.3 m (2) 68.59 m (3) 73.2 m (4) 74.56 m
20
Q.2 There is a small island in the middle of a 100 m wide (3) 40 m (4) ✓3 m
river and a tall tree stands on the island. P and Q are
points directly opposite to each other on two banks and Q.7 There are two temples, one on each bank of a river,
in line with the tree. If the angles of elevation of the
just opposite to each other. One temple is 54 m high.
top of the tree from P and Q are respectively 30° and
From the top of this temple, the angles of depression
45°, find the height of the tree. (IMO-2017)
of the top and the foot of the other temple are 30° and
(I) 35.3 m (2) 35.6 m (3) 35 m (4) 36.60 m
60° respectively. Find the height of the other temple.
Q.3 Read the statements carefully and select the CORRECT (IMO-2019]
option. (IMO-2017) (1) 18 m (2) 18 ✓3 m
Statement I : TF is a tower with F on the ground. The
(3) 36 m (4) 36 ✓3 m
2
angle of elevation of T from A is x such that tan x =
5 Q.8 From a window, 60 m high above the ground, of a house
and AF = 200 m. The angle of elevation of T from a in a street, the angles of elevation and depression of
nearer point B is y with BF = 80 m. The value of y is the top and the foot of another house on opposite side
45°. of street are 60° and 45° respectively. The height of
Statement n : The angles of elevation of the top of a opposite house is [IMO-2020)
tower from two points P and Q at distances m2 and n2
respectively, from the base and in the same straight line (1) 60 ✓3 m (2) 60(1 + ✓3) m
with it are complementary. The height of the tower is
(3) 40 ✓3 m (4) 60( ✓3 - l) m
min.
( 1) Both Statement I and Statement 11 are true.
(2) Statement I is true but Statement II is false. Q.9 Solve the following questions.
(3) Statement I is false but Statement II is true. (i) A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are false. surmounted by a flagstaff of height 7 m. From a
point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the
Q.4 Find the height of a mountain, if the elevation of its top bottom of the flagstaff is 30° and that of the top of
at an unknown distance from the base is 30° and at a the flagstaff is 45°. Find the height of the tower.
distance 10 km further off from the mountain, along
(Use ✓3 =l.732)
the same Iine, the angle of elevation is 15°.
(Use : tan 15° = 0.27) [IMO-2018) (ii) The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point
(I) 9.76 km (2) 5.07 km on the ground is 45°. After 15 seconds flight, the
(3) 4.90 km (4) 8.02 km elevation changes to 30°. If the aeroplane is flying
at a height of 3000 m, then find the speed of the
Q.5 A balloon is moving with the wind in a horizontal line
plane. (Use ✓3 = 1.732) [IMO-2020)
at a height of 36 ✓3 m. The angle of elevation of the
(i) (ii)
balloon from a point A on the ground is 60°. After some (1) 8.62 m 101.6 m/sec
time, the angle of elevation changes to 30°. Find the
(2) 9.56 m 146.4 m/sec
distance travelled by the balloon. IIMO-20191
(3) 9.24 m 138.4 m/sec
(I) 72 m (2) 78 m (3) 86 m (4) 82 m
(4) 9.56 m 125.8 m/sec

FOUNDATION (X) - - - - - - - - - 212 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 ---S-ome-Ap pllcatlon• of Tr1gono"':J

Q.10 Th~ top of two poles are connected by a 50 m wire Q.15 The angles of elevation of an artificial satellite mea-
which makes an angle of 600 with the horizontal then sured from two earth stations are 30° and 60° respec-
tively. If the distance between the earth stations, which
find the distance between the bottoms of two poies.
are in straight line with the point directly belo~ t~e
(IMO-2021) satellite, is 4000 km, then the height of the satelhte 1s
(l) 35 m 2
( )15m (3)25m (4)45m
_ _. (Use ✓ 3 = 1.732) (IMO-2024)
(1) 2000 km (2) 6000 km
Q.11 If two towers of height h1 and h2 subtend angles of60° (3) 3464 km (4) 2828 km
an~ 30° respectively at the mid-point of the line joining
therr feet, then h 1 : h 2 is (IMO-2021) An electrician has to repair an electric fault on a pole
Q.16
(1)3: I (2) ✓3 :1 of height 5 m. He has to reach a point 1.3 m below the
top of the pole to undertake the repair work (see fig-
(3) 1 : ✓3 (4) 1 : 3 ure). How far from the foot of the pole should he place
the foot of the ladder ?
[Take Jj = 1.732] [IMO-2024)
Q.12 There are two windows in a house. A window of the
house is at height of 2 m above the ground and the
other window is 3 m vertically above the lower window.
Ram and Shyam are sitting inside the two windows. At
an instant, the angle of elevation of the balloon from
these windows are observed as 45° and 30° respectively.
Find the height of the balloon from the ground.
(Use ✓3 = 1.732) (IMO-2021)
(1) 4.098 m (2) 9.098 m D
(3)8.098 m (4) 9.009 m
(1)3.14m (2) 2.14 m
(3) 2.26 m (4) 3.16 m
Q.13 The height of a building is half the height of the tower
on it. The angle of elevation of the top of the building Solve the following and select the correct option,
Q.17
as seen from a point on the ground is 30°. Find the (i) A vertically straight tree, 15 m high, is broken by
angle of elevation of the top of the tower as seen from the wind in such a way that its top just touches the
the same point. [IMO - 2022) ground and makes an angle of 60° with the ground. At
(1) 45° what height from the ground did the tree break ?
(2) 60° (Use. Jj = 1.732)
(3) 30° (ii) A parachutist is descending vertically and makes
(4) none of these angles of elevation of 45° and 60° at two observing
points 100 m apart from each other on the left side of
Q.14 The top of a broken tree has its top end touching the himself. Find the distance of the point where he falls
ground at a distance 15 m from the bottom, the angle on the ground from the just observation point.
made by the broken end with the ground is 30°. Then (Use: ✓ 3 = 1.732) (IMO-2024)
the length of broken part is (IMO - 2022) (i) (ii)
(1) 6.96 m 136.6 m
(I) 10 m 98.4 m
(2) 9.61 m
(2) ✓3 m (3) 3.82 m 136.6 m
(4) 7.26 m 75.8 m
(3) 5✓3 m

(4) 10./3 m

---01~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - MATHEMATICS
Some ~etlon, o( Trigonom.try

ANSWER KEY
L EXERCISE-I
: 5 tiffl ttt:::::t:t::ea et::r:,;,

Q.1 (3) Q.2 (2) Q.3 (4) Q.4 (3) Q.7 (4) Q.8 (I) Q.9 {I)
Q.S (4) Q.6 (2) Q.10 (3)
Q.11 (3) Q.12 (I) Q.13 (4) Q.14 (3) Q.16 (3) Q.17 (4) Q.18 (2) Q.19 (4)
Q.15 (2) Q.20 (I)
Q.21 (4) Q.22 (3) Q.23 (3) Q.24 (4) Q.26 (3) Q.28 (2) Q.29 (3)
Q.25 (2) Q.27 (I) Q.30 (3)
Q.31 (3) Q.32 (I) Q.33 (3) Q.34 (3) Q.35 (3) Q.36 (2) Q.38 (I) Q.39 (3)
Q.37 (2) Q.40 (I)
Q.41 (4) Q.42 (3) Q.43 (4) Q.44 (3) Q.45 (4) Q.46 (3) Q.48 (1) Q.49 (2)
Q.47 (3) Q.50 (3)
Q.51 (2) Q.52 (3) Q.53 (4) Q.54 (3) Q.55 (I) Q.56 (I) Q.58 (4) Q.59 (3)
Q.57 (2) Q.60 (3)
Q.61 (1) Q.62 (2) Q.63 (3) Q.64 (2) Q.65 (2) Q.66 (4) Q.67 (3)

ls rw
EXERCISE-II
xt: I
-
Q.l (I) Q.2 (3) Q.3 (3) Q.4 (2) Q.S (I) Q.6 (1) Q.7 (2) Q.8 (4) Q.9 (2) Q.10 (I)
Q.11 (2) Q.12 (1) Q.13 (3) Q.14 (3) Q.15 (3) Q.16 (4) Q.17 (3) Q.18 (4) Q.19 (2) Q.20 (2)
Q.21 (3) Q.22 (3) Q.23 (I) Q.24 (2) Q.25 (I) Q.26 (3) Q.27 (3) Q.28 (3) Q.29 (3) Q.30 (3)
Q.31 (2) Q.32 (2) Q.33 (1) Q.34 (2) Q.35 (1) Q.36 (1) Q.37 (1) Q.38 (3) Q.39 (3) Q.40 (4)
Q.4.1 (2) Q.42 (1) Q.43 (2) Q.44 (3) Q.45 (4) Q.46 (2) Q.47 (2) Q.48 (2) Q.49 (3) Q.50 (I)
Q.51 (3) Q.52 (3) Q.53 (4) Q.54 (3) Q.55 (3) Q.56 (3) Q.57 (4) Q.58 (1) Q.59 (2) Q.60 (l)

[.* = tr-re
EXERCISE-I
Si
II
I ..
Q.l (2) Q.2 (2) Q.3 (4) Q.4 (I) Q.5 (3) Q.6 (2) Q.7 (3) Q.8 (2) Q.9 (I) Q.10 (3)
Q.11 (3) Q.12 (3) Q.13 (2) Q.14 (I) Q.15 (l) Q.16 (3) Q.17 (3) Q.18 (I) Q.19 (2) Q.20 (I)
Q.21 (2) Q.22 (4) Q.23 (4) Q.24 (1) Q.25 (4) Q.26 (2) Q.27 (l) Q.28 (4) Q.29 (3) Q.30 (4)
Q.31 (3) Q.32 (2) . . Q.33 (I)
. Q.34 (4) Q.35 (I) Q.36 (3) Q.37 (3)

L. rri =e!:~ERCISE-1'!1 4 ,'i'

PREVIOUS YEAR'S QUESTION (IMO)

Q.l (3) Q.2 (4) • Q.3 (2) Q.4 (2) Q.5 (I) Q.6 (3) Q.7 (3) Q.8 (2) Q.9 (2) Q.10 (3)
Q.11 (1) Q.12 (2) Q.13 (2) Q.14 (4) Q.15 (3) Q.16 (3) Q.17 (1)