_______________________

Name:
_
G2 Differentiating
functions _______________________
Class:
_

_______________________
Date:
_

Time: 495 minutes

Marks: 410 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 91
Q1.
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = ln(6x).

(a) State the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the curve with the x-axis.
(1)

(b) Find
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q2.

(a) (i) Find when y = xe2x.

(3)

(ii) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve y = xe2x at the point (1, e2)
(2)

(b) Given that , use the quotient rule to show that

where k is an integer.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q3.
The depth of water, y metres, in a tank after time t hours is given by

(a) Find:

Page 2 of 91
 (i)
(3)

(ii)
(2)

(b) Verify that y has a stationary value when t = 2 and determine whether it is a
maximum value or a minimum value.
(4)

(c) (i) Find the rate of change of the depth of water, in metres per hour, when t = 1.
(2)

(ii) Hence determine, with a reason, whether the depth of water is increasing or
decreasing when t = 1.
(1)
(Total 12 marks)

Q4.
The curve with equation y = 12x2 – 19x – 2x3 is sketched below.

The curve crosses the x-axis at the origin O, and the point A (2, –6) lies on the curve.

(a) (i) Find the gradient of the curve with equation y = 12x2 – 19x – 2x3 at the point
A.
(4)

(ii) Hence find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point , giving your
answer in the form x + py + q = 0, where p and q are integers.
(3)

(b) (i) Find the value of .

(5)

(ii) Hence determine the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve and the
line OA.
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

Page 3 of 91
Q5.

A curve has equation .

(a) Find .
(3)

(b) Hence find the equation of each of the two tangents to the curve that are parallel
to the x-axis.
(4)

(c) Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point (1, 49).
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Q6.
A curve has equation y = e–4x(x2 + 2x – 2).

(a) Show that .

(3)

(b) Find the exact values of the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve.
(5)
(Total 8 marks)

Q7.
(a) (i) Express sin 2θ and cos 2θ in terms of sin θ and cos θ.
(2)

(ii) Given that 0 < θ < and cos θ = , show that sin 2θ = and find the
value of cos 2θ.
(2)

(b) A curve has parametric equations

x = 3 sin 2θ, y = 4 cos 2θ

(i) Find in terms of θ.

(3)

(ii) At the point P on the curve, cos θ and 0 < θ < . Find an equation of
the tangent to the curve at the point P.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Page 4 of 91
Q8.
The curve with equation y = x4 – 8x + 9 is sketched below.

The point (2, 9) lies on the curve.

(a) (i) Find .

(5)

(ii) Hence find the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve and the line y
= 9.
(2)

(b) The point A(1, 2) lies on the curve with equation y = x4 – 8x + 9.

(i) Find the gradient of the curve at the point A.

(4)

(ii) Hence find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point .
(1)
(Total 12 marks)

Q9.
The diagram shows a block of wood in the shape of a prism with triangular cross-section.
The end faces are right-angled triangles with sides of lengths 3x cm, 4x cm and 5x cm,
and the length of the prism is y cm, as shown in the diagram.

The total surface area of the five faces is 144 cm2.

(a) (i) Show that xy + x2 = 12.

(3)

(ii) Hence show that the volume of the block, V cm3, is given by

Page 5 of 91
 V = 72x – 6x3
(2)

(b) (i) Find .

(2)

(ii) Show that V has a stationary value when x = 2.

(2)

(c) Find and hence determine whether V has a maximum value or a minimum
value when x = 2.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

Q10.
A curve C has the equation

(a) Express in the form xp + xq.

(3)

(b) (i) Hence find .

(2)

(ii) Find an equation of the normal to the curve C at the point on the curve where
x = 1.
(4)

(c) (i) Find .

(2)

(ii) Hence deduce that the curve C has no maximum points.

(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Q11.

(a) Find when:

(i) y = ln (5x – 2);

Page 6 of 91
 (2)

(ii) y = sin 2x.

(2)

(b) The functions f and g are defined with their respective domains by

f(x) = ln(5x – 2), for real values of x such that

g(x) = sin 2x, for real values of x in the interval

(i) Find the range of f.

(2)

(ii) Find an expression for gf(x).

(1)

(iii) Solve the equation gf(x) = 0.

(3)

(iv) The inverse of g is g–1. Find g–1(x).

(2)
(Total 12 marks)

Q12.

The diagram shows the curve

The curve crosses the x-axis at A and has a stationary point at B.

(a) State the coordinates of A.

(1)

(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary point, B, of the curve, giving your answer in an
exact form.
(5)

Page 7 of 91
 (c) Find the exact value of the gradient of the normal to the curve at the point where x =
e3.
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

Q13.
A curve is defined by the parametric equations

x = 1 – 3t, y = 1 + 2t3

(a) Find in terms of t.

(3)

(b) Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where t = 1.
(4)

(c) Find a cartesian equation of the curve.

(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q14.
A model car moves so that its distance, x centimetres, from a fixed point O after time
t seconds is given by

(a) Find:

(i) ;
(3)

(ii) .
(2)

(b) Verify that x has a stationary value when t = 3, and determine whether this
stationary value is a maximum value or a minimum value.
(4)

(c) Find the rate of change of x with respect to t when t = 1.

(2)

(d) Determine whether the distance of the car from O is increasing or decreasing at the
instant when t = 2.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Page 8 of 91
Q15.
(a) The polynomial p(x) is given by p(x) = x3 + x – 10.

(i) Use the Factor Theorem to show that x – 2 is a factor of p(x).

(2)

(ii) Express p(x) in the form (x – 2)(x2 + ax + b), where a and b are constants.
(2)

(b) The curve C with equation y = x3 + x – 10, sketched below, crosses the x-axis at the
point Q(2, 0).

(i) Find the gradient of the curve C at the point Q.

(4)

(ii) Hence find an equation of the tangent to the curve C at the point Q.
(2)

(iii) Find .
(3)

(iv) Hence find the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve C and the
coordinate axes.
(2)
(Total 15 marks)

Q16.

The diagram shows a sketch of the curves with equations .

Page 9 of 91
 The curves intersect at the origin and at the point A, where x = 4.

(a) (i) For the curve , find the value of when x = 4.

(2)

(ii) Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point A.

(4)

(b) (i) Find .

(2)

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region bounded by the two curves.
(4)

(c) Describe a single geometrical transformation that maps the graph of

onto the graph of .

(2)
(Total 14 marks)

Q17.
(a) By using the binomial expansion, or otherwise, express (1 + 2x)4 in the form

1 + ax + bx2 + cx3 + 16x4

where a, b and c are integers.

(4)

(b) Hence show that (1 + 2x)4 + (1 – 2x)4 = 2 + 48x2 + 32x4.

(3)

(c) Hence show that the curve with equation

y = (1 + 2x)4 + (1 – 2x)4
has just one stationary point and state its coordinates.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

Q18.
A curve has equation y = e2x(x2 – 4x – 2).

(a) Find the value of the x-coordinate of each of the stationary points of the curve.
(6)

Page 10 of 91
 (b) (i) Find .
(2)

(ii) Determine the nature of each of the stationary points of the curve.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q19.
The sketch shows the graph of y = cos–1 x.

(a) Write down the coordinates of P and Q, the end points of the graph.
(2)

(b) Describe a sequence of two geometrical transformations that maps the graph of
y = cos–1x onto the graph of y = 2 cos–1(x – 1).
(4)

(c) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cos–1(x – 1).

(2)

(d) (i) Write the equation y = 2 cos–1(x – 1) in the form x = f(y).

(2)

(ii) Hence find the value of when y = 2.

(3)
(Total 13 marks)

Q20.

(a) Given that y = , use the quotient rule to show that ,

where k is an integer.
(2)

Page 11 of 91
 (b) (i) Given that y = x ln(4x – 3), find .
(3)

(ii) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve y = x ln(4x – 3) at the point where
x = 1.
(3)

(c) (i) Use the substitution u = 4x – 3 to find , giving your answer in terms
of x.
(4)

(ii) By using integration by parts, or otherwise, find .

(4)
(Total 16 marks)

Q21.
The curve with equation y = x5 + 20x2 – 8 passes through the point P, where x = –2.

(a) Find .
(3)

(b) Verify that the point P is a stationary point of the curve.

(2)

(c) (i) Find the value of at the point P.

(3)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, determine whether P is a maximum point or a minimum

point.
(1)

(d) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

Q22.
The diagram shows part of a curve with a maximum point M.

Page 12 of 91
 The equation of the curve is

(a) Find .
(3)

(b) Hence find the coordinates of the maximum point M.

(4)

(c) The point P(1, 14) lies on the curve. Show that the equation of the tangent to the
curve at P is y = 20x – 6.
(3)

(d) The tangents to the curve at the points P and M intersect at the point R. Find the
length of RM.
(3)
(Total 13 marks)

Q23.
(a) The curve with equation

intersects the line y = at the point where x = α.

(i) Show that α lies between 0 and .

(2)

(ii) Show that the equation can be rearranged into the form

(1)

Page 13 of 91
 (iii) Use the iteration x +1 = cos x
n n withx1 = 0 to find x3, giving your answer to
three decimal places.
(2)

(b) (i) Given that y = , use the quotient rule to find an expression for .
(3)

(ii) Hence find the gradient of the normal to the curve y = at the point on
the curve where x = 0.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q24.

(a) Use integration by parts to find .

(4)

(b) Use the substitution t = 2x + 1 to show that can be written as

.
(3)

(c) Hence find the exact value of .

(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Q25.
The curve with equation y = x4 – 32x + 5 has a single stationary point, M.

(a) Find .
(3)

(b) Hence find the x-coordinate of M.

(3)

(c) (i) Find .

(1)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, determine whether M is a maximum or a minimum point.

(2)

Page 14 of 91
 (d) Determine whether the curve is increasing or decreasing at the point on the curve
where x = 0.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

Q26.
(a) The polynomial p(x) is given by p(x) = x3 – 7x – 6.

(i) Use the Factor Theorem to show that x + 1 is a factor of p(x).

(2)

(ii) Express p(x) = x3 – 7x – 6 as the product of three linear factors.

(3)

(b) The curve with equation y = x3 – 7x – 6 is sketched below.

The curve cuts the x-axis at the point A and the points B(–1, 0) and C(3, 0).

(i) State the coordinates of the point A.

(1)

(ii) Find .
(5)

(iii) Hence find the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve y = x3 – 7x – 6
and the x-axis between B and C.
(1)

(iv) Find the gradient of the curve y = x3 – 7x – 6 at the point B.

(3)

(v) Hence find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point B.
(3)
(Total 18 marks)

Q27.
A curve, drawn from the origin O, crosses the x-axis at the point P(4, 0).

The normal to the curve at P meets the y-axis at the point Q, as shown in the diagram.

Page 15 of 91
 The curve, defined for x ≥ 0, has equation

(a) (i) Find .

(3)

(ii) Show that the gradient of the curve at P(4, 0) is –2.

(2)

(iii) Find an equation of the normal to the curve at P(4, 0).

(3)

(iv) Find the y-coordinate of Q and hence find the area of triangle OPQ.
(3)

(v) The curve has a maximum point M. Find the x-coordinate of M.

(3)

(b) (i) Find .

(3)

(ii) Find the total area of the region bounded by the curve and the lines PQ and
QO.
(3)
(Total 20 marks)

Q28.

(a) Find when:

(i) y = (2x2 – 5x + 1)20;

(2)

(ii) y = x cos x.

Page 16 of 91
 (2)

(b) Given that

show that

where k is a positive integer.

(3)
(Total 7 marks)

Q29.
Two numbers, x and y, are such that 3x + y = 9, where x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

It is given that V = xy2.

(a) Show that V = 81x – 54x2 + 9x3.

(2)

(b) (i) Show that , and state the value of the integer k.
(4)

(ii) Hence find the two values of x for which = 0.

(2)

(c) Find .
(2)

(d) (i) Find the value of for each of the two values of x found in part (b)(ii).
(1)

(ii) Hence determine the value of x for which V has a maximum value.
(1)

(iii) Find the maximum value of V.

(1)
(Total 13 marks)

Q30.

Page 17 of 91
 (a) Write in the form xk, where k is a fraction.
(1)

(b) A curve, defined for x ≥ 0, has equation

(i) Find .
(3)

(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 4, giving
your answer in the form y = mx + c.
(5)
(Total 9 marks)

Q31.

Find when:

(a) y = (3x + 1)5 ;

(2)

(b) y = ln(3x + 1);

(2)

(c) y = (3x + 1)5 ln(3x + 1).

(3)
(Total 7 marks)

Q32.

A curve is defined for by the equation y = x cos 2x, and is sketched below.

Page 18 of 91
 (a) Find .
(2)

(b) The point A, where x = α, on the curve is a stationary point.

(i) Show that 1 – 2α tan 2α = 0.

(2)

(ii) Show that 0.4 < α < 0.5.

(2)

(iii) Show that the equation 1 – 2x tan 2x = 0 can be rearranged to become

(1)

(iv) Use the iteration with x1 = 0.4 to find x3, giving your
answer to two significant figures.
(2)

(c) Use integration by parts to find , giving your answer to three significant
figures.
(5)
(Total 14 marks)

Q33.
The diagram shows an open-topped water tank with a horizontal rectangular base and
four vertical faces. The base has width x metres and length 2x metres, and the height of
the tank is h metres.

Page 19 of 91
 The combined internal surface area of the base and four vertical faces is 54 m2.

(a) (i) Show that x 2 + 3xh = 27.

(2)

(ii) Hence express h in terms of x.

(1)

(iii) Hence show that the volume of water, V m3, that the tank can hold when full is
given by

(1)

(b) (i) Find

(2)

(ii) Verify that V has a stationary value when x = 3.

(2)

(c) Find and hence determine whether V has a maximum value or a minimum
value when x = 3.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q34.
The curve with equation y = 3x5 + 2x + 5 is sketched below.

Page 20 of 91
 The curve cuts the x-axis at the point A (–1, 0) and cuts the y-axis at the point B.

(a) (i) State the coordinates of the point B and hence find the area of the triangle
AOB, where O is the origin.
(3)

(ii) Find
(3)

(iii) Hence find the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve and the line
AB.
(4)

(b) (i) Find the gradient of the curve with equation y = 3x5+ 2x + 5 at the point
A(–1, 0).
(3)

(ii) Hence find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point A.
(1)
(Total 14 marks)

Q35.

A curve C is defined for x > 0 by the equation and is sketched below.

(a) (i) Given that , find .

(3)

(ii) The curve C has a minimum point M. Find the coordinates of M.

(4)

(iii) Find an equation of the normal to C at the point (1, 6).

(4)

(b) (i) Find .

Page 21 of 91
 (3)

(ii) Hence find the area of the region bounded by the curve C, the lines x = 1 and
x = 4 and the x-axis.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

Page 22 of 91
Mark schemes

Q1.

(a)
condone 0.167 AWRT

B1
1

(b)

M1
k=1
A1
2
[3]

Q2.
(a) (i) y = xe2x

kxe2 x + le2 x where k and l are 1s or 2s

M1

A1

A1
(= e2x (2x + 1))

ISW
3

(ii)

correct substitution of x = 1 into their but

must have earned M1 in part (i)

Page 23 of 91
 M1

tangent: y − e2 = 3e2 (x −1) OE

CSO (no ISW), must have scored first 4 marks
common correct answer: y = 3e2 x − 2e2
A1
2

(b)

where p and q are rational numbers

condone poor use/omission of brackets
PI by further working

M1

this line must be seen in this form (ie in terms

of cos2 3x and sin2 3x), but allow sin 3x replaced
2

by 1 − cos23x
condone denominator correctly expanded

A1
correct use of k sin2 3x + k cos2 3x = k
or k sin2 3x = k (1 – cos2 3x)

m1

CSO

A1
4

note: if degrees used then no marks in (a) and (c)

[9]

Q3.

Page 24 of 91
(a) (i)
one term correct

M1
another term correct

A1
all correct (no + c etc) unsimplified

A1
3

(ii)
ft one term “correct”

M1
correct unsimplified (penalise inclusion of
+c once only in question)

A1
2

(b)

Substitute t = 2 into their

M1

CSO; shown = 0 plus statement

A1

Sub t = 2 into their

M1

y has MINIMUM value

CSO

A1
4

Page 25 of 91
 (c) (i)

Substitute t = 1 into their

M1

OE; CSO

NMS full marks if correct

A1
2

(ii) (depth is) INCREASING

allow decreasing if states that their

Reason must be given not just the word
increasing or decreasing

E1ft
1
[12]

Q4.

(a) (i)
2 terms correct

M1
all correct (no + c etc)

A1

when

m1

gradient = 5
CSO

A1
4

(ii) grad of normal =

Page 26 of 91
 ft their answer from (a)(i)

B1ft

or and c evaluated
ft grad of their normal using correct
coordinates BUT must not be tangent
condone omission of brackets

M1

using x = 2 and y = – 6
x + 5y + 28 = 0
CSO; condone all on one side in different order

A1
3

(b) (i)
one term correct

M1
another term correct

A1
all correct (ignore + c or limits)

A1

= 32 – 38 – 8
F 2 attempted

m1

= –14
CSO; withhold A1 if changed to +14 here

A1
5

(ii) Area Δ = ×2×6=6

condone –6

B1

Shaded region area = 14 – 6

diference of ±│∫│±│Δ│

Page 27 of 91
 =8
CSO

A1
3
[15]

Q5.

(a)
PI by its correct derivative

B1

A power decreased by 1; could be the +48

or the ft after B0

M1A1
3

(b) –3x–4 + 48 = 0
c’s answer to (a) equated to 0

M1

x–4 = 16
To xp = q but only ft on eqns of the form
ax2k + 48 = 0, where a and k are negative
integers

A1F

A1

Eqns of tangents: y = 32 and y = –32

Only ft if answer is of the form y = ±k

A1F
4

(c) When x = 1,

Attempt to find value of at x = 1

M1

Page 28 of 91
 Gradient of normal at (1, 49) is
Correct use of m × m′ = – 1 with c’s value of

when x = 1

m1

Normal at (1, 49):

CSO. Apply ISW after ACF;

accept 49.02 or better in place of

A1
3
[10]

Q6.
(a) y′ = e–4x(2x + 2) – 4e–4x(x2 + 2x – 2)
y′ = Ae–4x(ax + b) ± Be–4x(x2 + 2x – 2)
where A and B are non-zero constants

M1
All correct

A1

= e–4x(2x + 2 – 4x2 – 8x + 8)
or –4x2e–4x – 6xe–4x +10e–4x
= 2e–4x(5 – 3x – 2x2)
AG; all correct with no errors,
2nd line (OE) must be seen
Condone incorrect order on final line

A1

or
y = x2 e–4x + 2xe–4x – 2e–4x

y′ = –4x2e–4x + 2xe–4x + 2x. – 4e–4x + 2e–4x + 8e–4x

Ax2e–4x + Bxe–4x + Cxe–4x + De–4x + Ee–4x

(M1)
All correct

(A1)

Page 29 of 91
 = –4x2 e–4x – 6xe–4x + 10e–4x
=2e–4x(5 – 3x – 2x2)
AG; all correct with no errors,
3rd line (OE) must be seen

(A1)
3

(b) –(2x + 5)(x – 1) (= 0)

OE Attempt at factorisation
(±2x ± 5)(±x ± 1)
or formula with at most one error

M1

Both correct and no errors

SC x = 1 only scores M1A0

A1

x = 1, y = e–4

For y = aeb attempted

m1
Either correct, follow through only from
incorrect sign for x

A1F

CSO 2 solutions only

Note: withhold final mark for extra solutions
Note: approximate values only for y can
score m1 only

A1
5
[8]

Q7.
(a) (i) sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ

B1

cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ

OE condone use of x etc, but variable

Page 30 of 91
 must be consistent

B1
2

(ii)
AG
Use of 106.26° …. B0

B1

or

–0.28

B1
2

(b) (i)
Attempt both derivatives. ie p cos 2θ

M1
Both correct. q sin 2θ
A1

CSO OE

A1
3

(ii)
(2.88, –1.12)

B1F

Their
must be working with rational numbers

M1

Page 31 of 91
 Tangent ISW
Any correct form.
7y = 32x – 100
Fractions in simplest form
Equation required

A1
3
[10]

Q8.

(a) (i)
One term correct

M1
Another term correct

A1
All correct (may have + c)

A1

F(2) attempted

m1

, 8.4

A1
5

(ii) Shaded area = 18 – ‘their integral’

PI by 18 – (a)(i) NMS

M1

, 9.6 NMS full marks

A1
2

Page 32 of 91
 (b) (i)
One term correct

M1
All correct (no + c etc)

A1

sub x = 1 into their

m1

(Gradient of curve ) = –4
No ISW

A1 cso
4

(ii) y – 2 = –4(x – 1); y = –4x + c, c = 6

any correct form; FT their answer from
(b)(i) but must use x = 1 and y = 2

B1ft
1
[12]

Q9.
(a) (i) S.A. = 4xy + 5xy + 3xy + 6x2 OE
Condone one slip or omission

M1

= 12xy + 12x2

A1

144 = 12xy + 12x2

Must see this line

xy + x2 = 12
AG

A1cso
3

(ii) (Volume =) × 3x × 4x × y OE

Page 33 of 91
 M1

= 6x2 ×

Must see (y =) or xy = 12 – x2
for A1

(V =) 72x – 6x3

AG must be convinced not working back

from answer

A1
2

(b) (i)
One term correct

M1
All correct (no + c etc)

A1
2

(ii)

Substitute x = 2 into their

M1

stationary (value when x = 2)

Shown = 0 plus statement
Statement may appear first

A1
2

(c)

FT their

B1ft

Page 34 of 91
 FT their value when x = 2
with appropriate conclusion

E1ft
2
[11]

Q10.

(a)
PI

B1

Accept p = 2; q =

B1;B1
3

(b) (i)
Reduces both powers by 1

M1
ACF

A1
2

(ii) When x = 1, y = 2
PI if not stated explicitly eg the ‘2’
may appear in the correct posn. in later eqn.

B1

When x = 1,

Attempt to find When x = 1 PI

M1

Gradient of normal =
–1/ (c’s value of dy/dx when x = 1)
either stated as the gradient of the

Page 35 of 91
 normal or used as the gradient in the
equation of the normal

m1

Equation of normal:

Only ft on c’s in part (b)(i)

ACftF

A1F
4

(c) (i)
Reduces both powers by 1.

M1
Ft on (b)(i) provided at least one
power to be differentiated is both
negative and fractional

A1F
2

(ii) (Since x > 0,)

For a maximum point is not

positive so C has no maximum points

E1 for attempt to find the sign of ;

either in general terms or at the pt(s)
where c’s dy/dx = 0 or the remaining E mark

a correct justification for why and also

a full correct concluding statement must be made.

E2,1,0
2
[13]

Q11.
(a) (i) y = In(5x – 2)

M1

Page 36 of 91
 No ISW, eg (M1A0)

A1
2

(ii) y = sin 2x

A1
2
k cos 2x
M1

(b) (i) f(x) ≥ In 0.5 or f(x) ≥ –In 2

M1A1
2

(ii) (gf(x) =) sin [2 In (5x – 2)]

or (gf(x) =) sin In (5x – 2)2

Condone
sin 2 In (5x – 2) or sin 2 (In (5x – 2))
but not sin 2 (In 5x – 2) or sin 2 In 5x – 2

B1
1

(iii) gf(x) = 0
sin[2 In(5x – 2)] = 0
2 In(5x – 2) = 0
Correct first step from their (b)(ii)

M1

5x – 2 = 1
Their f(x) = 1 from k In (f(x)) = 0

m1

Withhold if clear error seen other than

omission of brackets

A1
3

Page 37 of 91
 (iv) x = sin 2y
sin–1 x = 2y (or sin–1 y = 2x)
Correct equation involving sin–1
M1

(g–1(x) =) sin–1 x

A1
2
[12]

Q12.

(a)
(when) y = 0 x = 1 or (1, 0)
Both coordinates must be stated, not 1
simply shown on diagram

B1
1

(b)

Quotient/product rule

M1

OE must simplify

A1

Putting their = 0 or numerator = 0

m1

x=e
CSO condone x = e1
A1

Page 38 of 91
 CSO must simplify ln e

A1
5

(c) Gradient at x = e3

Substituting x = e3 into their (condone

1 slip) but must have scored M1 in (b)

M1

PI

A1

Gradient of normal
CSO simplified to this

A1
3
[9]

Q13.

(a)
Both derivatives correct; PI

B1

Correct use of chain rule

M1

= –2t2

CSO

A1
3

Page 39 of 91
 (b) t = 1 mT = –2 mN =

Substitute t = 1 mN =

M1
F on gradient; mT ≠ ±1

A1F

Attempt at equation of normal using (x, y) = (–2, 3)

Condone one error

M1

Normal has equation y – 3 = (x + 2)

CSO; ACF

A1
4

(c)
Correct expression for t in terms of x or y

M1

ACF

A1
2
[9]

Q14.

(a) (i)
one term correct

M1
another term correct

A1
all correct unsimplified (no + c etc)

A1
3

Page 40 of 91
 (ii)
ft one term correct

M1
ft all “correct”, 2 terms equivalent

A1ft
2

(b)

substitute t = 3 into their

M1

=0 stationary value
CSO
shown = 0 (54 or 2 × 27 seen) and statement

A1

Substitute t = 3 into

M1

minimum value
CSO; all values (if stated) must be correct

A1
4

(c) Substitute t = 1 into their

must be their NOT etc

M1

ft their when t = 1

A1ft
2

Page 41 of 91
 (d) Substitute t = 2 into their

must be their NOT or x

Interpreting their value of

M1

= 16 – 80 + 66 = 2 (> 0)

increasing when t = 2

Allow decreasing if their

E1ft
2
[13]

Q15.
(a) (i) p(2) = 8 + 2 – 10
Must find p(2) NOT long division

M1

p(2) = 0 (x – 2) is factor
Shown = 0 plus a statement

A1
2

(ii) Attempt at long division (generous)

Obtaining a quotient x2 + cx + d
or equating coefficients (full method)

M1

p(x) = (x – 2)(x2 + 2x + 5)
a = 2, b = 5 by inspection B1, B1
A1
2

(b) (i)
One term correct

M1
All correct – no + c etc

A1

Page 42 of 91
 When

Sub x = 2 into their

m1

Therefore gradient at Q is 13
CSO

A1
4

(ii) y = 13(x – 2)
Tangent (NOT normal) attempted
ft their gradient answer from (b)(i)

M1
CSO; correct in any form

A1
2

(iii)
one term correct

M1
second term correct

A1
all correct (condone no +c)

A1
3

(iv) [4 + 2 – 20] – [0] = – 14

F(2) attempted and possibly F(0)
Must have earned M1 in (b)(iii)

M1

Area of shaded region = 14

CSO; separate statement following correct
evaluation of limits

A1
2
[15]

Q16.

Page 43 of 91
(a) (i)

with or without + c

M1

= 6 {when x = 4}
Must be 6 and seen in (a)(i)
6 + c is A0

A1cao
2

(ii) y-coordinate of A =

Substitute x = 4 in

M1

6 × m′ = –1
m1 × m2 = –1 OE used with c’s value of

when x = 4. PI

M1

y – 16 = m(x – 4)
dep on 1st M1 in (a)(ii)
m must be numerical
m1

y – 16 = – (x – 4)
ACF

A1
4

(b) (i)
Index raised by 1

M1

Condone missing ‘+ c’

Page 44 of 91
 Coefficient must be simplified

A1
2

(ii)
Can award for unsimplified form

B1

Ignore limits here

M1

F(4) – F(0) used in either; {F(0) = 0 PI}

Cand. must be using F(x) as a result of
his/her integration in (b)(i) or in the (b)(ii)
B1 line above

M1

Accept any value from 17.04 to 17.1

inclusive in place of 256/15

A1
4

(c) Translation
Accept ‘translat…’ as equivalent
[T or Tr is NOT sufficient]

B1

Accept equivalent in words provided

linked to ‘translation/move/shift’
(B0B0 if >1 transformation)

B1
2
[14]

Q17.

Page 45 of 91
(a) (1 + 2x)4 = 1 + 4(2x) + 6(2x)2 + 4(2x)3 + (2x)4
M1

= 1 + 8x A1
+ 24x
2
A1
+ 32x2 {+ 16 x4} A1
(1), 4, 6, 4, (1) OE unsimplified with
correct powers of x
Algebraic multiplication must be a full
method
Accept a = 8 provided 1st term is 1
b = 24
c = 32
4

(b) (1 – 2x)4 = 1 – 8x + 24x2 – 32x3 {+ 16x4}

Replace x by –x even in M1 line of (a) PI

M1
ft c’s non zero values for a, b and c

A1Ft

(1 + 2x)4 + (1 – 2x)4
= 1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4 + 1 – 8x + 24x2 – 32x3 + 16x4
= 2 + 48x2 + 32x4

AG Be convinced

A1 cso
3

(c)
A correct power of x OE

M1

For st. pt 96x + 128x3 = 0

A1

32x (3 + 4x2) = 0
Since 3 + 4x2 > 0 there is only one stationary point
Any valid explanation of curve having
just one stationary point

E1

The coordinates of the stationary point are (0, 2)

(0, 2) as the only stationary point

B1

Page 46 of 91
 4
[11]

Q18.
(a) y = e2x(x2 – 4x – 2)

Product rule; allow 1 slip

M1

+ (x2 – 4x – 2)2e2x

A1

Factorising

M1

e2x(2x2 – 6x – 8)
Or x2 – 3x – 4 = 0

A1

e2x ≠ 0
(x – 4)(x + 1) = 0
Solving 3 term quadratic
Dependent on both M marks

m1

x = 4, –1
And no extras eg x = 0

A1
6

(b) (i)

Product rule from their in form

e2 (quadratic)
x
e2x(4x2 – 8x – 22)

M1

+ (x2 – 4x – 2)4e2x + 2e2x(2x – 4)

A1

Page 47 of 91
 OR

M1A1
2

(ii) x = 4 : y″ = e8 (10) > 0 MIN

Their 2 x’s in their

only of form e2 (quadratic)
x

M1

x = –1 : y″ = e–2 (–10) < 0 MAX

CSO Both correct
Allow values either side of y or y′

A1
2
[10]

Q19.
(a) P(–1, π)
Condone (–1, 180°)

B1

Q (1, 0)
B1
2

(b) Translate

E1

or equivalent in words

B1

Stretch SF 2 // y-axis
Stretch + one other correct

M1
all correct

A1
4

Page 48 of 91
 (c)

Correct shape in 1st quadrant

B1
2π and 2 marked correctly

B1
2

(d) (i)

M1

A1
2

(ii)
k sin (...)
M1

correct

A1

Condone AWRT –0.42

A1
3
[13]

Q20.

(a)

Page 49 of 91
 Must use quotient rule
Condone one slip

M1

k = –12
A1
2

(b) (i) y = x ln(4x – 3)

M1

m1A1
3

(ii) x=1 y=0

B1

Sub x = 1 into their

M1

y = 4 (x – 1) any correct form

CSO Must have full marks in (b)(i)

A1
3

(c) (i) u = 4x – 3
du = 4 dx

M1

Page 50 of 91
 Or

A1

m1

CSO Condone missing du

A1
4

(ii)

In correct direction

M1

A1

x In (4x – 3) – their (c)(i)

m1A1

(+ c)
4
[16]

Q21.

(a)

Page 51 of 91
 One of these powers correct

M1
One of these terms correct

A1
All correct (no + c etc)

A1
3

(b)

Substitute x = –2 into their

M1

CSO Shown = 0 plus statement

eg “st pt”, “as required”, “grad = 0” etc

A1

(M1)

x3 = –8 x = –2
CSO x = 0 need not be considered

(A1)
2

(c) (i)

Correct ft their

B1

= 20 × (–2)3 + 40
Subst x = –2 into their second derivative

M1

(= –160 + 40) = –120

CSO

A1
3

Page 52 of 91
 (ii) Maximum (value)
their c(i) answer must be < 0
Other valid methods acceptable provided
“maximum” is the conclusion
Accept minimum if their c(i) answer > 0
and correctly interpreted
Parts (i) and (ii) may be combined by
candidate but –120 must be seen to award
A1 in part (c)(i)

E1ft
1

(d) (When x = 1) y = 13

B1

When x = 1,

Sub x = 1 into their

M1

y = (their 45)x + k OE

ft their

m1

Tangent has equation y – 13 = 45(x – 1)

CSO OE y = 45x + c, c = –32

A1
4
[13]

Q22.

(a)
One power correctly obtained

M1
A1 for each term on the RHS coeffs
simplified

A2,1,0
3

(b)

Page 53 of 91
 cand’s (a) = 0

M1

Must be solving eqn of form axm + bxn = 0,

m and n non-zero, with at least one of m
and n non-integer and reaching a stage
from which the non-zero value of x can be
stated PI. Must deal with powers of x
correctly and any squaring of kxp terms
or expressions must be correct.

m1

At M, x = 9

A1

y = 162
M

M1 must be scored, else 0/4

A1
4

(c) At
Attempt to find y′(1)

M1

Tangent at P: y – 14 = m(x – 1)
m = cand’s value of y′(1)
m1

y – 14 = 20x – 20; y = 20x – 6

CSO; AG

A1
3

(d) Tangent at M: y = 162

ft y = cand’s yM

B1F

At R, 162 = 20x – 6; x = 8.4

Solving cand’s numerical yM = 20x – 6 to
find a value for x

Page 54 of 91
 M1

Distance RM = |x – xR| = 9 – 8.4 = 0.6

M

ft on coordinates of M

A1F
3
[13]

Q23.

(a) (i)
OE

M1

Change of sign

Either side of

A1
2

(ii)

Either line

AG; or
All correct with no errors

B1
1

(iii) x1 = 0
x2 = 05
Attempt at iteration
(allow x2 = –0.5, x3 = 0.38, 0.4)

Page 55 of 91
 M1

x3 = 0.378
CAO

A1
2

(b) (i)
Attempt at quotient rule:

M1
Either term correct

A1
All correct ISW

A1
3

(ii) x=0

Correctly subst. x = 0 into their

m1

Gradient of normal =
CSO

A1
2
[10]

Q24.

(a)

Differentiate + integrate, correct direction

M1

Page 56 of 91
 All correct

A1

Condone missing brackets

A1

CAO

A1
4

Alternative

(M1)

(A1)

(A1)

(A1)

Page 57 of 91
 (4)

(b) t = 2x + 1
dt = 2 dx (RHS)

(LHS)

M1

2x = t – 1,
OE

m1

AG

A1
3

(c)
Limit becoming 3

M1

Correctly sub. 1, 3 into their (a)

m1

CSO

A1
3

or

Condone 1 slip

Page 58 of 91
 (M1)

Correctly sub. 0, 1

(m1)

CSO

(A1)
(3)
[10]

Q25.

(a)
Reduce one power by 1

M1
One term correct

A1
All correct (no + c etc)

A1
3

(b) Stationary point

M1

x3 = 8

xn = k following from their

A1ft

x=2
CSO

A1
3

(c) (i)

Page 59 of 91
 FT their

B1ft
1

(ii) When x = 2, considered

Or complete test with 2 ± ε using

M1

minimum point

E1ft
2

(d) Putting x = 0 into their (= –32)

M1

decreasing

Allow “increasing” if their >0

A1ft
2
[11]

Q26.
(a) (i) p(–1) = –1 + 7 – 6
Finding p(–1)

M1

=0 therefore x + 1 is a factor
Shown to = 0 plus statement

A1
2

(ii) p(x) = (x + 1)(x2 – x – 6)

Long division/inspection (2 terms correct)

M1
Quadratic factor correct

A1

Page 60 of 91
 p(x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x – 3)
May earn M1, A1For correct second factor
then A1For (x + 1)(x + 2)(x – 3)

A1
3

(b) (i) A(–2, 0)

Condone x = –2

B1
1

(ii)
One term correct

M1
Another term correct

A1

(may have + c or not)

All correct unsimplified

A1

F(3) – F(–1) attempted in correct order

m1

= –32
CSO; OE

A1
5

(iii) Area of shaded region = 32

FT their (b)(ii) but positive value needed

B1ft
1

(iv)
One term correct

M1
All correct (no + c etc)

A1

Page 61 of 91
 When x = –1, gradient = –4
CSO

A1
3

(v) Gradient of normal =

B1ft

y = “their gradient” (x ± 1)
Must be finding normal, not tangent

M1

CSO; any correct form eg 4y – x = 1

A1
3
[18]

Q27.

(a) (i)
A power decreased by 1

M1
A1For each correct term

A1 A1
3

(ii) At P(4, 0),

Attempts when x = 4

M1

=1–3=–2
AG

A1
2

(iii) Gradient of normal =

Use of or stating m × m′ = –1

Page 62 of 91
 M1

Equation of normal is y – 0 = m [x – 4]
m numerical; can be awarded even if
m = –2
M1

ACF of the equation

A1
3

(iv) At Q, x = 0, 2y = 0 – 4
PI

M1

y = –2
Q

Area of triangle OPQ = 0.5 × 4 × │y │

Q

Ft on a linear equation for normal provided y Q

is negative and prev A1 is lost

A1F

=4
Ft on c’s negative y Q

B1F
3

(v)

Puts c’s and a 1st step in attempt to solve.

M1

Valid method to ax = b

m1
Condone 1.3 or better

A1
3

Page 63 of 91
 (b) (i)

One power correct

M1
Condone absence of “+ c”

A1,A1
3

(ii) Area under curve =

F(4) – {F(0)}

M1
Total area = F(4) + area triangle OPQ

m1

Total area =
Accept 3 sf if clear

A1
3
[20]

Q28.
(a) (i) y = (2x2 – 5x + 1)20

chain rule 20 ( )19 f(x)

M1
with no further incorrect working

A1
2

(ii) y = x cos x

product rule ± x sin x ± cos x

M1
CSO

Page 64 of 91
 A1
2

(b)

quotient rule

M1
condone missing brackets

A1

CSO

A1
3
[7]

Q29.
(a) V = x(9 – 3x)2
Attempt at V in terms of x (condone slip
when rearranging formula for y = 9 – 3x)
or (9 – 3x)2 = 81 – 54x + 9x2
M1

V = x(81 – 54x + 9x)2

= 81x – 54x2 + 9x3

AG; no errors in algebra

A1
2

(b) (i)
One term correct

M1
Another correct

A1
All correct (no + c etc)

Page 65 of 91
 A1

= 27(x2 – 4x + 3)
CSO; all algebra and differentiation correct

A1
4

(ii) (x – 3)(x – 1) or (27x – 81)(x – 1) etc

“Correct” factors or correct use of formula

M1

x = 1, 3
SC: B1, B1For x = 1, x = 3 found by
inspection (provided no other values)

A1
2

(c) (condone one slip)

ft their (may have cancelled 27 etc)

M1
CSO; all differentiation correct

A1
2

(d) (i)

ft their and their two x-values

B1ft
1

(ii) (x =) 1 (gives maximum value)

Provided their

E1
1

(iii) Vmax = 36
CAO

B1
1
[13]

Page 66 of 91
Q30.

(a)
OE; accept ‘k = 1.5’

B1
1

(b) (i)
At least one index reduced by 1 and no
term of the form .

M1
For 2x

B1
For –1.5 x . Ft on ans (a) non-integer k
0.5

A1F
3

(ii) When x = 4, y = 8

B1

y′(4) = ;

Attempt to find when x = 4

M1

= 2(4) –1.5(√4) = 5
Ft on one earlier error provided noninteger
powers in (a) and (b) (i)

A1F

Tangent: y – 8 = 5(x – 4)
y – y(4) = y′(4)[x – 4] OE
m1

y = 5x – 12
CSO; must be y = 5x – 12

A1
5
[9]

Q31.

Page 67 of 91
 (a)
k(3x + 1)4
M1

= 15(3x + 1)4

with no further errors (w.n.f.e)

A1
2

(b)

M1
w.n.f.e

A1
2

(c)
product rule uv′ + u′v (from (a) and (b))

M1
either term correct

A1
CSO with no further errors

A1

3
[7]

Q32.

(a)
product rule kx sin 2x ± cos 2x

M1
no further incorrect working

A1
2

Page 68 of 91
(b) (i) –2α sin 2α + cos 2α = 0
replacing x = α and writing equation
equal to zero (at any line)

M1

AG; CSO

A1
2

(ii)
(0.9’s unsubstantiated scores M0)

M1

Change of sign 0.4 < α < 0.5

A1
2

(iii) 2x tan 2x = 1

AG; CSO

B1
1

(iv) x1 = 0.4
x2 = 0.4480…
x2 = 25.7
M1

x3 = 0.4200…
= 0.42

A1
2

(c) y = x cos 2x

Page 69 of 91
 M1
correct substitution of their values into
parts formula using u = x

m1

A1

correctly substituting values from

previous 2 method marks

m1

= 0.0954
AWRT

A1
5
[14]

Q33.
(a) (i) 2x2 + 2xh + 4xh (= 54)
Attempt at surface area (one slip)

M1

x2 + 3xh = 27
AG CSO

A1
2

(ii) etc
Any correct form

B1

Page 70 of 91
 1

(iii) V = 2x2h = 18x –

AG (watch fudging) condone omission of brackets

B1
1

(b) (i)
One term correct “their” V

M1
All correct unsimplified 18 − 6x /3
2

A1
2

(ii) Sub x = 3 into their

Or attempt to solve their

M1

Shown to equal 0 plus statement that this

implies a stationary point if verifying
CSO Condone x = ±3 or x = 3 if solving

A1
2

(c)

( = −12)

FT their

B1

at stationary point maximum

FT their second derivative conclusion

If “their” minimum etc

E1
2
[10]

Page 71 of 91
Q34.
(a) (i) B(0, 5)

B1

Area AOB
Condone slip in number or a minus sign

M1

A1
3

(ii) or (may have + c or not)

Raise one power by 1

M1
One term correct

A1
All correct unsimplified

A1
3

(iii) Area under curve =

Correctly written or F(0) – F(–1) correct

B1

Attempt to sub limit(s) of –1 (and 0)

Must have integrated

M1

Area under curve

CSO (no fudging)

A1

Area of shaded region

FT their integral and triangle (very generous)

B1

Page 72 of 91
 4

(b) (i)
One term correct

M1
All correct ( no +c etc)

A1

when x = –1, gradient = 17

cso

A1
3

(ii) y = “their gradient” (x + 1)

Must be finding tangent  not normal
any form e.g. y = 17x + 17

B1
1
[14]

Q35.

(a) (i) y = x + 1 + 4x−2 = 1 − 8x−3

M1
Power p → p – 1
(A1 if 1 + axn with a= –8 or n = –3)

A2,1,0
3

(ii) 1 – 8x−3 = 0

Puts c’s =0

M1

x3 = 8

Using to reach xa = b, a > 0 or correct use of logs.

m1

x=2
A1

Page 73 of 91
 When x = 2, y = 4

A1ft
4

(iii) At (1, 6), = 1 – 8 = –7

Attempt to find y′(1)

M1

Gradient of normal =
Use of or stating m × m′ = –1

M1

Equation of normal is y – 6 = m[ x – 1]
m numerical
M1

OE ft on c‘s answer for (a)(i) provided at least A1 given

in (a)(i) and previous 3M marks awarded

Alft
4

(b) (i)

One of three terms correct.

M1
One of three terms correct.
For A2 need all three terms as printed or better
(A1 if 2 of 3 terms correct)

A2,1,0
3

(ii) {Area = }

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 Dealing correctly with limits; F(4)–F(1)
(must have integrated)

M1

= 13.5

A1
2
[16]

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Examiner reports

Q1.

Part (a) was generally correct. was not good enough and neither was 0.16. Wrong
answers included 1 and ln6.

In part (b) many solutions were correct, often in an unsimplified form, but and were
common. Those who included dx or +c in their solution were penalised.

Q2.
In part (a)(i) the majority of candidates were able to differentiate e2x and apply the product
rule correctly but a few made an error in one or other of these processes. Occasionally an
attempt to simplify was incorrect.

In (a)(ii) when finding the equation of the tangent (a line) it is essential to find the gradient
(a constant) at the requisite point first. Most did this but it is disconcerting, at this level, to
find candidates who give a non–linear equation as their answer by failing to do the first
step. A few added e2 + 2e2 wrongly or lost exactness by evaluating 3e2, and a few found
the equation of the normal.

In (b) although the quotient rule was known by almost everyone, and almost all earned the
first mark, some appalling algebra and trigonometry abounded thereafter. A few failed
even to get the first mark as they put a term in the wrong place on the numerator, had sin
x or cosx instead of sin 3x or cos3x in one of their differentials or else their denominator
was 1 + cos23x instead of
(1 + cos3x)2. A few failed to use the chain rule when differentiating sin 3x or cos3x. Those
who missed the brackets around (1 + cos3x) in the numerator sometimes recovered but
far too many falsely cancelled cos3x at this stage. If the numerator was correctly
expanded another mark was available, although cos3x2 and cos32x instead of cos23x for
(cos3x)2 was common; this was recoverable, but cos9x2 was not. After that more incorrect
cancellation was seen. Taking out a common factor of 6 was the safest route forward, as
those who tried to deal with 6cos 23x + 6sin23x often put it equal to 1 or 18 instead of 6.
Even being correct to that stage did not ensure completion as, again there was false
cancellation. Those who split the terms, then used (1 – cos23x) for sin 23x and factorised
to (1 – cos3x)(1 + cos3x) generally completed successfully. It was quite extraordinary how
many methods with completely wrong working

landed up at .

Q3.
In part (a), almost all candidates were able to find the first and second derivative correctly,
although there was an occasional arithmetic slip and some could not cope with the
fraction term.

In part (b), those who substituted t = 2 into did not always explain that = 0 is the

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 condition for a stationary point. Some assumed that a stationary point occurred when t =
2, went straight to the test for maximum or minimum and only scored half the marks.

It was advisable to use the second derivative test here; those who considered values of

on either side of t = 2 usually reached an incorrect conclusion because of the

proximity of another stationary point.

In part (c)(i), the concept of ‘rate of change’ was not understood by many who failed to

realise the need to substitute t = 1 into . Some candidates wrongly substituted t = 1

into the initial expression for y or into their expression for and these candidates were

unable to score any marks at all on this part. Even those who used sometimes made
careless arithmetic errors when adding three numbers.

In part (c)(ii), it was not enough to simply write the word “increasing”: some explanation

about being positive was also required. Some candidates erroneously found the value
of the second derivative when t = 1 or calculated the value of y on either side of t = 1.

Q4.
In part (a)(i), many candidates did not realise that differentiation was required in order to
find the gradient of the curve, but instead erroneously used the coordinates of O and A.
Some tried to rearrange the terms but usually made sign errors in doing so. In part (a)(ii),
those who had the correct gradient in part (a)(i) were usually successful in finding the
correct equation of the normal, though not everyone followed through to the required form,
and sign errors were common. However, most obtained at least a method mark here,
unless they found the equation of the tangent. The main casualties were once again those
who always use the y = mx + c form for the equation of a straight line.

In part (b)(i), most candidates were well drilled in integration and scored full marks,
although some wrote down terms with incorrect denominators. The limits 2 and 0 were
usually substituted correctly, but it was incredible how many could not evaluate 32 – 38 –
8 without a calculator. The correct value of the integral was –14, but far too many thought
that they had to change their answer to +14 and so lost a mark. A small number of
candidates differentiated or substituted into the expression for y rather than the integrated
function.

In part (b)(ii), there was still some apparent confusion about area when a region lies below
the x-axis. The area of the triangle was 6 units and hence the area of the shaded region
was 14 – 6 = 8 but, not surprisingly, there were all kinds of combinations of positive and
negative quantities seen here. It was worrying to see so many candidates failing to
calculate the triangle area, with several finding the length of OA instead. Some able
candidates found the equation of OA and the area under it by integration, but this was not
the expected method.

Q5.
There were many correct answers for the derivative in part (a) although the incorrect

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 answer –3x–2 + 48 was not a rarity. Candidates who wrote down y = x–3 + 48x before
differentiating generally scored more marks than those who just stated an answer. Many

candidates appreciated the need to put = 0 in part (b) but poor algebraic manipulation
or a failure to include ‘±’ frequently resulted in low marks for this part of the question.

Even those who obtained the correct coordinates of the stationary points did not always
appreciate that the required tangents had equations y = ±32. Although the marks for
finding the equation of the normal in part (c) were generally better than for the work in part
(b), it was surprising to see a significant minority giving the equation of the tangent at the
given point.

Q6.
Part (a) was well answered by the majority of candidates. Many fully correct responses
were seen and, if there were errors, it was usually the final accuracy mark that was lost
through the omission of brackets at some stage in the solution.

Part (b) was not answered as well as part (a). Although many candidates were successful
in factorising the required quadratic, there were also many solutions which were
accompanied by terms in e–4x. Where marks were lost, it was mainly due to incorrect signs,
though some candidates did manage to obtain follow through marks.

A few candidates attempted to substitute their values of x back into the derivative rather
than y. Many candidates stopped when they had found the two values of x, presumably
thinking they had finished the question.

Q7.
In part (a)(i), most candidates stated the formula for sin 2θ correctly although not always
in its simplest form.

In part (a)(ii), although many candidates knew the formula for cos 2θ in at least one its
correct forms, several gave cos2 θ + sin2 θ, and later in the question just gave the value of
cos 2θ as 1 without apparently thinking something could be wrong.

In part (a)(ii), many candidates had problems. It appeared that the 3-4-5 triangle was
either not well known or not recognised as relevant; although some candidates did draw
this to justify their answer others used sin2 θ = 1 – cos2 θ. Many candidates worked
backwards from the answer given, to find a value for sin θ, which gained no credit nor did
going via an angle from the given value of cos θ. Many candidates omitted to find cos2θ
or, as above, gave the value as 1, or another incorrect value from an incorrect expression.
Those who did find the correct value forcos2θ often dropped the minus sign in later
working.

In part (b)(i), the use of the chain rule with these parametric equations was generally done
well with most candidates completing it correctly. Some candidates apparently tried to
integrate rather than differentiate and some made sign errors when differentiating. A few
candidates had the chain rule expression the wrong way up.

In part (b)(ii), although some neat and concise correct answers were seen, many
candidates got in a mess trying to use angles and not working in exact fractions. Some
confused the value of the sine and cosines involved with the angles writing terms such sin

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 . Some left a mix of fractions and decimal numbers in their final answer, which is bad
practice but was accepted if the values of the coordinates at P were correct.

Q8.
Part (a)(i) Most candidates were able to integrate the expression with only the weakest
candidates unable to do this basic integration. Poor notation was used with many
including the integral sign after integrating. It would have been thought that this bad habit
would have been corrected by the time of the examination. Many candidates did not find
the actual value of the definite integral until part (a)(ii) and on this occasion full credit was
given. It was alarming that many candidates who had correct fractions were unable to
combine these to give a value of 8.4 or equivalent. Weaker candidates were seen

substituting values into the expression for y or , showing a complete lack of

understanding.

Part (a)(ii) It was necessary to consider a rectangle of area 18 and then to subtract their
answer from part (a)(i) in order to obtain the area of the shaded region. Many believed
that the area of the rectangle was 9 and others failed to do this basic subtraction correctly,
even when their answer to part (a)(i) was correct.

Part (b)(i) Many candidates did not realise the need to find before substituting the
value x = 1 and thus failed to score some easy marks for finding the gradient of the curve.
A substantial number of candidates tried to calculate the gradient of the straight line
between two points on the curve and scored no marks for this.

Part (b)(ii) Unfortunately many candidates tried to find the equation of the normal instead
of the tangent to the curve. Otherwise, since there was a generous follow through in this
part of the question, most were able to score this final mark. The only exceptions were
those who insisted on using y = mx + c where poor arithmetic often prevented them from
finding a value for c.

Q9.
Part (a)(i) Usually after a few abortive attempts many candidates realised that they had to
add together the areas of the various faces. Once they had the correct expression for the
total surface area most candidates were able to obtain the printed result. There was
clearly some fudging on the part of weaker candidates and they could earn little more than
a single method mark.

Part (a)(ii) This was surprisingly one of the biggest discriminators on the paper with only
the best candidates being able to obtain the correct expression for V. Trying to make y the
subject of the equation from part (a)(i) caused problems for many who took this approach;
others substituted for xy in the formula V = 6x(xy) and were often more successful. Once
again it was quite common to see totally incorrect expressions being miraculously
transformed into the printed answer.

Part (b)(i) Most candidates scored full marks for this basic differentiation although it was

not always clearly identified as in their working.

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 Part (b)(ii) Most substituted x = 2 into their expression for and found the value to be
zero. It was then necessary to make a statement about the implication of there being a
stationary value in order to score full marks.

Part (c) Some made a sign error when finding the second derivative, but the majority of
candidates scored full marks in this part. Credit was given if the correct conclusion was
drawn from the sign of their second derivative, provided no further arithmetic errors
occurred.

Q10.
Most candidates coped with the negative fractional powers well, differentiated correctly
and found an equation of a normal, although there were a few equations of tangents
presented as final answers to part (b)(ii). A common arithmetical slip in part (b)(ii) was ‘

’ incorrectly evaluated as 1. The expression for the second derivative was often
correct in part (c)(i).

Part (c)(ii) was discriminating. The most popular approaches were to either put x = 1 in

, or to equate to zero and solve, for which no marks were scored.

A significant number of candidates did, however, earn some credit by making a more
general comment on the sign of the second derivative but many lacked rigour and, in
particular, assumed the second derivative has to be negative for a maximum, overlooking
the possibility that the second derivative may be zero at a maximum.

Q11.
(a) (i) The first part of this question was reasonably answered with many candidates
obtaining both marks. Where candidates obtained 1 mark it was because
many ended up with the answer 1/(5x – 2).

(ii) Again this part was very well answered with candidates obtaining both marks.
The majority of candidates arrived at Kcos 2x but K = –2 was a common error.

(b) (i) This part was not answered very well. Many candidates lost a mark through
using –0.693 instead of ln ( ) and f(x) ≥ 0 was a common response.

(ii) Most candidates were able to do this part with the correct answers often seen.
The main error was the omission of brackets around 5x – 2 obtaining sin2(ln5x
– 2). The expression for fg(x) was also often seen.

(iii) For those candidates with a correct starting expression many went on to get
full marks. Those candidates who used sin ln (5x – 2)² often lost an accuracy
mark for not rejecting one of their answers. Most candidates obtained the first
method mark for making the correct initial step for their expression.

(iv) This was usually well done but there were common errors of dividing by sin2
obtaining y/sin2 = x or even y/sin = 2x and y/2 = sinx

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Q12.
Many candidates lost marks on this question from careless work when handling the
number of e2x terms involved.

(a) Most candidates obtained the correct coordinates although (lnx, 0) was a common
error.

(b) This was generally well answered by those candidates able to use the quotient rule.
Some errors with the numerator being reversed to (ln x – 1) meant candidates lost
accuracy marks later in the question. Many candidates obtained 3 marks for
reaching ln x – 1 = 0 and many went on to find x = e. However many stopped here
without finding the value of y.

(c) Although many correct solutions were seen some candidates lost marks through
leaving (e3x)2 rather than simplifying it. There was also a large number of candidates
who did not answer part (b) but started again here, used the quotient rule correctly
and went on to then answer the remainder of the question correctly. They seemed to
realise that they needed the derivative to find a gradient but not for finding stationary
points

Q13.
(a) The vast majority of candidates completed this question successfully and as
expected, by finding the two derivatives with respect to t and combining them using
the chain rule. The more common errors were to omit the squared powered from 6t2
or the negative sign in –3. Some candidates lost a mark through not simplifying their
final result. Relatively few candidates made the error of multiplying the derivatives or
having the chain rule upside down. Very few candidates took the approach of
eliminating t and seeking an equation y = f(x). Of those who did, hardly any were
successful in differentiating their expression.

(b) The vast majority of candidates was successful here too, substituting t =1
immediately and obtaining the gradient of the normal correctly and then a correct
form of the equation of the normal. Those few candidates who made no attempt to
find the gradient of the normal and just used the tangent gained no credit. The fairly
rare error in finding the gradient of the normal was to omit the negative sign. Some
candidates also failed to substitute for the given value for t and gained no credit.

(c) Various correct approaches were seen with the most efficient being to obtain t in
terms of x and substitute into y = f(t), and many candidates did this correctly. The
common errors were to omit or have an unclearly positioned negative sign, or to
make an error in the power. Other attempts at elimination were generally not so
successful. Many candidates wasted time through proceeding to expand their
cartesian equation, or just generally and unnecessarily manipulating it algebraically.
Once t is eliminated, the resulting equation is a cartesian equation.

Q14.
In part (a) almost all candidates were able to find the first and second derivative correctly,
although there was an occasional arithmetic slip and some could not cope with the
fraction term.

Those who substituted t = 3 into in part (b) did not always explain that = 0 is the

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 condition for a stationary point. Some assumed that a stationary point occurred when t = 3
and went straight to the test for maximum or minimum and only scored half the marks. It

was advisable to use the second derivative test here; those who considered values of
on either side of t = 3 usually reached an incorrect conclusion because of the proximity of
another stationary point.

In part (c) the concept of “rate of change” was not understood by many. Approximately

equal numbers of candidates substituted t = 1 into the expression for and so

only about half of the candidates were able to score any marks on this part. Those who

used often made careless arithmetic errors when adding three numbers.

In part (d), as in part (c), candidates did not realise which expression to use and many
wrongly selected the second derivative. It is a general weakness that candidates do not
realise that the sign of the first derivative indicates whether a function is increasing or
decreasing at a particular point.

Q15.
In part (a)(i) the majority of candidates realised the need to find the value of f( x) when x =
2. However, it was also necessary, after showing that f (2) = 0, to write a statement that
the zero value implied that x – 2 was a factor. It was good to see more candidates being
aware of this.

In part (a)(ii), those who used inspection were the most successful here. Methods
involving long division or equating coefficients usually contained algebraic errors.

In part (b)(i) a surprising number of candidates failed to see the need to differentiate in

order to find the gradient at Q. Those who attempted to find sometimes wrote it as 3x2
+ x, but usually were aware of the need to substitute x = 2.

In part (b)(ii) those who had the correct gradient in part (b)(i) were usually successful in
finding the correct equation of the tangent, and most obtained at least a method mark
here.

In part (b)(iii) most were well drilled in integration and earned full marks, although some

wrote and others gave as their answer. For part (b)(iv) the
correct limits were usually used, although many sign/arithmetic slips occurred after
substitution of the numbers 0 and 2 and it was incredible how many could not evaluate 6 –
20 without a calculator. Very few candidates realised the need to show clearly that,
although the integral from 0 to 2 gave a value of –14, the area of the shaded region was
14. A separate statement was needed and those who simply wrote 4 + 2 – 20 = –14 = 14
did not score full marks. Those more able candidates who made a statement about the
region being entirely below the x-axis and who subsequently evaluated the integral from 2
to 0 correctly scored full marks.

Q16.
This long calculus question with a final part covering transformations was a relatively high

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 source of marks for many candidates. Most candidates were able to correctly differentiate

, but not all evaluated it correctly at x = 4. The majority of candidates showed a good
understanding of the method involved in finding the equation of the normal in part (a)(ii),
although some others did not use the correct gradient. Although the vast majority of

candidates knew the rules for integrating , there was a significant number of such
candidates who did not simplify the coefficient correctly.

It was not uncommon to see either ‘ ’ not simplified or simplified incorrectly to ‘ ’.

Part (b)(ii) was generally answered better than expected, with a majority of candidates
applying a correct method for finding the area of the shaded region. Although many
candidates realised that the transformation was a ‘translation’, there were frequently sign
errors in the vector, or components were interchanged. It was also disappointing to see a
significant increase in the number of descriptions that involved more than one
transformation which, as usual, was given no marks; the two transformations quoted were
translation and a stretch.

Q17.
There was a significant improvement from June 2008 in candidates’ solutions to the
binomial expansion topic. Part (a) was well answered, although a lack of brackets
continues to be the main source of errors. Many candidates illustrated that they knew how
to use their answer to part (a) to write down the expansion of (1 – 2x)4, but not all
solutions which finished with the printed answer were entirely convincing.

Part (c) was not always attempted and, even when attempted, the majority failed to
convincingly show that there was only one stationary point. Many solutions included the
correct equation ‘96x + 128x3 = 0’, but a significant proportion of these lost the ‘x = 0’ root

and, by erroneously changing a sign, ended up with a value for x of the form .

Q18.
In part (a), most candidates used the product rule correctly, but at this stage e 2x ≠ 0 was
rarely seen, although many candidates obtained the correct quadratic equation.
Factorisation, or use of the formula, was usually done well and many candidates obtained
both of the correct solutions. Where candidates seemed unsure of what to do with the e 2x,
many expressions involving the use of ln e2x = 2x were seen together with the formation of
a cubic expression in x. A third value of x = 0 was also seen by candidates who thought
this was the solution of e2x = 0.

Part (b) was generally well answered by those candidates able to do the product rule in
part (a). Some errors with the coefficients meant candidates lost accuracy marks.

In part (c), although many correct solutions were seen some candidates lost marks

through incorrect evaluation of .

Q19.

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 Candidates were generally successful in part (a), sometimes aided by the allowances
made for (–1, 180).

Part (b) was well answered by many candidates. Common errors were the use of ‘shift’
and ‘transformation’ to describe the word ‘translation’, and the stretch was often given a
scale factor of ½ in the x-axis.

In part (c), the shape of the graph was usually correct, but many candidates lost this mark
by going into other quadrants. The mark for the labelling of the axis was not so readily
earned, as these values were often missing or incorrect.

In part (d)(i), many candidates gave the correct response. The major error was to state
that 2y = cos–1(x – 1) for the first step resulting in no marks being awarded.

In part (d)(ii), most candidates at least obtained the method mark. Where candidates
correctly differentiated, they went on to achieve full marks.

Q20.
Very few candidates achieved completely correct solutions to this question.

Part (a) was well answered by the majority of candidates. The main error was the two
terms in the numerator being interchanged, resulting in k = +12. Other errors came from
the expansion of the brackets, with various numerators including 8x, and with –3 not being
multiplied by 4, giving a final constant of –3.

In part (b)(i), the expression ln(4x – 3) was rarely differentiated completely correctly. A

common error was to get + ln(4x – 3), rather than + ln (4x – 3), which
earned two method marks.

In part (b)(ii), was frequently calculated correctly, following through from part (b)(i), but
then this value was used as the gradient of the normal, with some candidates explicitly
stating that they were finding the normal.

In part (c)(i), most of the candidates earned a method mark for ‘du = 4dx’. Many of these
candidates went on to write the integral completely in terms of u. Some candidates lost

marks at this stage through either obtaining an extra factor of 4 or getting x = when
rearranging u = 4x – 3.

Although many fully correct responses were seen, some candidates were unable to
proceed beyond this point: part (c)(ii) proved to be beyond many candidates, as the
correct application of integration by parts was not common. Most candidates started the

question with u = ln and = 4x – 3. Those candidates who correctly started this part of
the question often failed to get the first accuracy mark because of their derivative of ln(4 x
– 3), losing the factor of 4 in the numerator. However, many were able to get the next
method mark because they correctly used their value from part (c)(i). A few candidates
spotted that the result obtained in part (b)(i) could provide an alternative method of
solution.

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Q21.

In part (a) almost everyone obtained the correct expression for , although a few
spoiled their solution by dividing each term by 5 or adding “+ c” to their answer.

In part (b) most candidates substituted x = –2 into their expression for , but, in order to

score full marks, it was necessary to show (–2)4 written as 16 or to show that = 80 –
80 = 0 and then to write an appropriate conclusion about P being a stationary point.

For part (c) many candidates simply wrote down an expression for in terms of x
when answering part (i) and only evaluated the second derivative when determining the
nature of the stationary point in part (ii). On this occasion full credit was given, but
candidates need to realise what is meant by the demand to “find the value of” since this
may be penalized in future examinations.

In part (d) some candidates failed to find the y-coordinate of P, which was necessary in
order to find the equation of the tangent. It was pleasing to see most candidates using the

value of when x = 1, but unfortunately many tried to find the equation of the normal
instead of the tangent to the curve.

Q22.
In part (a) most candidates differentiated the equation of the curve correctly and the

majority of these recognised that at the maximum point the value of was 0, although

some worked with = 0.

In part (b) many candidates had difficulty solving the equation = 0. There
was some invalid squaring of expressions and terms and also it was not uncommon to

see simplified incorrectly either to x3 or to x2.

With the equation of the tangent printed in part (d) candidates had to convince examiners

that they were finding the value of at x = 1 for the gradient of the tangent in part (c).
Although not all candidates did this convincingly, the majority did show sufficient evidence
to reach the printed equation.

The final part of the question proved to be a good discriminator at the top grade level.
Although some excellent solutions were seen these were rare. The most common wrong
method was to assume that the length of RM was either equal to the length of PM or
equal to half the length of PM. Unfortunately a minority of candidates who produced
better solutions which started with the correct equation ‘162 = 20x – 6’ failed to score the
final mark due to an inability to solve this equation correctly.

Page 85 of 91
Q23.
Part (a)(i) was not very well answered by the majority of candidates. Fully correct
responses were seen but it was usually from candidates who successfully rearranged the
equation into the form f(x) = 0, which was seen in a number of acceptable forms. Where
candidates simply substituted in the two values given into the LHS they obtained 1 and 0
but still indicated that this was a change of sign and therefore there was a root. Most
candidates achieved at least one mark but lost the second by simply stating change of
sign therefore a root.

Very few incorrect responses were seen in part (a)(ii).

Part (a)(iii) was very well answered. The main error was with the candidates who used
degrees rather than radians

Part (b)(i) was very well answered, with most candidates successfully using the quotient
rule. Where errors occurred it was usually through missing brackets, although many
candidates were able to recover at some stage in the working.

As part (b)(ii) followed on from part (i) most candidates were able to obtain the mark for
substitution; even those who had incorrectly simplified their work. Many fully correct
responses were seen. Several candidates also stopped after the substitution of x = 0 and
left their answer as –2.

Q24.
Most candidates lost marks on this question. Full marks were not common although they
were seen from the more able candidates.

Not many candidates obtained full marks for part (a). Most candidates scored 2 out of 4
since they started correctly by differentiating ln t and integrating (t – 1). Obvious errors
were differentiating both terms or starting by trying to integrate ln t. Several candidates
managed to obtain the second accuracy (A) mark for simplification to (t²/2 – t) ln t – ∫(t/2 –
1)dt but lost the final accuracy mark by ending up with a final term of –t, not + t.

Part (b) was done well by most candidates, although poor manipulation often cost the loss
of the final accuracy mark. Some candidates also confused the issue by trying to
introduce terms in u and du.

Part (c) was not very well answered, with candidates failing to change the limits as a
common error. Many candidates did not appreciate that they should be using their answer
to part (a) and tried to start again, often obtaining different answers to those they had
found in part (a). After correctly approaching the choice of u and dv/dt, most were then
defeated by the required manipulation of the subsequent algebra.

Q25.

In part (a), most candidates were able to find the correct expression for , although
there were some who left + 5 in their answer or added +C.

In part (b), It had been expected that candidates would solve the equation = 0 and
obtain the equation x = 8 and hence deduce that x = 2. It seemed, however, that many
3

were unable to formulate an appropriate equation, but merely spotted the correct answer:

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 x = 2. This was not penalised on this occasion, provided that the candidate stated clearly
that the x-coordinate of M was equal to 2.

In part (c)(i), the expression for was usually correct.

In part (c)(ii), although the method was left open, most candidates found the value of the
second derivative when x = 2 and correctly concluded that M was a minimum point.

In part (c)(iii), some candidates were not aware of the need to find the value of when x
= 0 in order to ascertain whether the curve was increasing or decreasing at that point.

Q26.
In part (a)(i), a few candidates ignored the request to use the factor theorem and scored
no marks for using long division. It was necessary to make a statement that “ x + 1 is a
factor”, after showing that f(–1) = 0, in order to score full marks.

Part (a)(ii) was not answered as well as similar questions in previous years. Perhaps the
sketch lured some into trying to write down three factors without any further working,
rather than using the intermediate step of showing that p(x) = (x + 1)(x2 – x – 6) before
writing p(x) as a product of three factors. Many who tried long division were flummoxed by
there being no x² term.

In part (b)(i), those who had the correct linear factors in part (a)(ii) usually wrote down
correctly that A had coordinates (–2, 0), although some carelessly wrote the point as (0, –
2).

Many candidates simply found an indefinite integral in part (b)(ii) and then a definite
integral in part (b)(iii). The two parts were generously treated holistically when candidates
did this. The fractions once again caused problems to most candidates who are so used
to having a calculator to do this work for them. It was very rare to see the correct answer
of – 32 for the definite integral.

In part (b)(iii), many lost out on an easy mark because they rolled their two sections into
one: those who wrote “integral = –32 = 32” gained full credit for part (b)(ii) but did not
score the mark in part (b)(iii). It was necessary to give a positive value for the area of the
region and to make this explicit. In anticipation of a lot of wrong answers in part (b)(ii), a
follow through mark was awarded in part (b)(iii): for example, if a candidate’s answer in
part (b)(ii) was –20 and they concluded that the area was 20 in part (b)(iii), they scored the
mark.

In part (b)(iv), most candidates differentiated correctly, but quite a few thought that 3(–1) 2
– 7 was equal to –10 and thus obtained the wrong gradient of the curve.

In part (b)(v), a large number of candidates found the correct equation of the normal but
some still confused tangents and normals and consequently thought that the gradient of
the normal was equal to –4. It was quite common for weaker candidates to either negate
their gradient or take the reciprocal but to fail to do both.

Q27.

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 Generally, most candidates scored relatively high marks for this long structured calculus
question. Parts (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) were answered very well, although some used the
gradient of the normal in part (a)(iii) as –2 and so in part (a)(iv) obtained a positive value
for the y-coordinate of Q. A glance at the diagram should have indicated that such a value
was incorrect.

Part (a)(v), which required candidates to find the x-coordinate of the maximum point, M,
was generally not answered with any confidence. To score any marks for this part,
candidates were required to go beyond just equating their answer for part (a)(i) to zero.
Many candidates again incorrectly believed that for a maximum point the second
derivative was zero. Candidates generally found the correct answer to the indefinite
integral in part (b)(i), but a significant minority forgot to add the area of the triangle to their
‘area under the curve’ in part (b)(ii) of the question.

Q28.
Part (a)(i) was well answered by the majority of candidates. Many fully correct responses
were seen, and, if there were errors, it was usually through further incorrect work or by the
omission of brackets.

Very few incorrect responses were seen to part (a)(ii). Most candidates appeared to be
able to use the product rule successfully. Some errors with signs were made, leading to
the loss of the accuracy mark.

Part (b) was very well answered.

Q29.
Some candidates did not attempt part (a). However, those who could square 9 – 3x
usually earned the marks. A surprising number substituted for both x and y and most were
unable to complete the solution successfully.

In part (b)(i), the differentiation was carried out very well by most candidates. Errors in the
value of k occurred due to taking out a common factor either before or after differentiating,
so values of k such as 3 and 9 were common. A few weak candidates did not recognise
that they had to differentiate V here, and generally were unable to proceed through the
rest of the question.

In part (b)(ii), the factorisation was usually carried out successfully, and candidates who
had not found the correct value of k were still able to earn these marks.

The most common error in part (c) was differentiating x2 – 4x + 3, rather than 27(x2 – 4x +
3), and this approach earned a method mark only.

Credit was given in part (d)(i) for substituting their values of x into their second derivative
and so most candidates earned this mark, provided they had two values of x.

In part (d)(ii), most realised that x = 1 needed to be selected since was negative
when x = 1.

In part (d)(iii), not all substituted x = 1 into the equation for V. Those who did often made
arithmetic errors. Some gave the value of y when x = 1 and others gave the answer as –

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 54, the value of when x = 1.

Q30.
Although many candidates were able to correctly write in the form x it was not
k

uncommon to see the incorrect answers k = 3.5 or k = . Although follow through marks

were available, a significant minority of candidates subsequently differentiated

incorrectly as . In addition to arithmetical errors the most common error in finding the

equation of the tangent was to use the gradient of the tangent as ; in effect, the
equation of the normal was found. Very few candidates failed to write their equation in the
required form.

Q31.
Part (a) was well answered by the majority of candidates. Many fully correct responses
were seen and if there were errors it was usually for failing to multiply by the derivative of
(3x + 1) so answers of 5(3x + 1)4 were not uncommon.

Part (b) was not as well answered as part (a) but many correct responses were seen. The
main error was again to miss the factor of 3 and the very common incorrect answer was
1/(3x + 1).

In part (c) most candidates used the product rule successfully but a number of candidates
believed that the differential of a product was the product of the differentials.

Candidates who made errors in part (b) were able to recover and earn 2 marks. A very
common incorrect response was to simply multiply the answers to parts (a) and (b)
resulting in 45(3x + 1)3 Another common error was to ‘simplify’ ln(3x + 1)(3x + 1)4 to obtain
ln(3x + 1)5

Q32.
Part (a) of this question was reasonably answered with most candidates obtaining the
method mark for the product rule. Some candidates then lost the accuracy mark through
incorrect evaluation of the constant associated with the derivative of cos2x; 2 and ½ were
frequently seen.

Answers to part (b)(i), although frequently correct, were often badly set out with the
function being equated to zero or x being changed to α at various points in the solution.
Division of cos2x by cos2x often resulted in zero before going on to fudge the correct
answer. Part (b)(ii) was usually well answered with correct evaluations of f(0.4) and f(0.5).
Some candidates then lost marks by just saying α was ‘between these two values’ without
stipulating 0.4 and 0.5. Part (b)(iii) was usually well done but there were many cases when

the tan became removed from its 2x and x tan–1 = x was often seen. Part (b)(iv) was
generally well answered but marks were lost from the use of degrees and for not writing
the answer to the required degree of accuracy.

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 Many fully correct answers and many answers which only lost the final accuracy mark
were seen in part (c). Other answers which had the wrong coefficient associated with the
sin 2x often got the method marks. There were candidates who started with u = x and v =

cos 2x or started with = x and obtained a more difficult integral.

Q33.
Part (a) Candidates did not seem confident at working on this kind of problem and
algebraic weaknesses were evident. Many worked backwards from the result in part (a)(i)
and did not always convince the examiner that they were considering the surface area of
four faces and the base. The inability of most candidates to rearrange the formula to make
h the subject in part (a)(ii) was alarming. Consequently few, without considerable fudging,
could establish the printed formula for the volume. Part (b) Basic differentiation is well

understood and most candidates found correctly. Some tried to substitute x = 3 into
the expression for V in order to show there was a stationary point, but usually this part
was answered well.

Part (c) It was not uncommon to see the second derivative as 4x even though the first
derivative was correct. A generous follow through was given here provided candidates
could interpret the value of their second derivative.

Q34.
Part (a)(i) Some candidates ignored the request to state the coordinates of B even though
they were using the height of the triangle as 5. The negative x-coordinate of A caused
quite a few to feel that the triangle had a negative area. Far too many when finding

wrote the answer as 3.

Part (a)(ii) Practically every candidate found the correct integral although some made
errors when cancelling fractions.

Part (a)(iii) It was necessary here to have the lower limit as –1 and the upper limit as 0.
Many reversed the order and by some trickery arrived at a positive value. This was
penalised and so very few, even though many had an answer of 1 for the area, scored full
marks for this part of the question.

Part (b) Most candidates differentiated correctly but, because of poor understanding of
negative signs, many wrong values of 13 were seen for the gradient. There is obviously
confusion for many between tangents and normals and several thought the gradient of the

tangent was .

Q35.
This calculus question again proved to be a good source of marks for many candidates.

Part (a)(i) was answered very well but in part (a)(ii) a significant minority used

instead of dx2. In part (a)(iii), although most candidates showed that they

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understood the method to find the gradient of the tangent, a significant proportion failed to
find and use the gradient of the normal. Many candidates showed that they had a good
understanding of integration but, surprisingly, errors in integrating (x + 1) were almost as

common as errors in integrating Examiners expected to see some simplification of

the algebraic term . In the final part, the evaluation of F(4) − F(1) as 8.5 was the
most common error.

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