Understanding Traffic Impact Assessment: Planning for
Sustainable Transportation
What is Traffic Impact
Assessment?
● A process to evaluate the effects of new
developments on traffic
● Analyzes how proposed projects will
impact existing road networks
● Helps planners make informed decisions
about transportation infrastructure
● What do you think are some key factors
that might be considered in a traffic impact
assessment?
Objectives of Traffic Impact Assessment
● Predict future traffic conditions with new developments
● Identify potential traffic problems and congestion
● Recommend mitigation measures to address impacts
● Ensure safe and efficient transportation for all road users
● How might traffic impact assessments benefit your local
community?
When is a Traffic Impact
Assessment Required?
● For large-scale residential or commercial
developments
● When significant changes in land use are
proposed
● For projects expected to generate
substantial new traffic
● Often mandated by local governments for
certain project types/sizes
● Can you think of any recent developments
in your area that likely required a traffic
impact assessment?
Key Components of a Traffic Impact Assessment
● Study area definition
● Existing traffic conditions analysis
● Trip generation estimates
● Traffic distribution and assignment
● Future traffic projections
● Capacity analysis and level of service determination
● Which of these components do you think might be the most
challenging to assess accurately?
Study Area Definition
● Determines the geographic scope of the
assessment
● Typically includes adjacent intersections
and road segments
● May extend to nearby major intersections
or highway interchanges
● Considers the scale and nature of the
proposed development
● How far do you think the study area should
extend for a large shopping mall
development?
Existing Traffic Conditions Analysis
● Collects data on current traffic volumes and patterns
● Assesses existing road geometry and traffic control devices
● Evaluates current levels of service and congestion
● Identifies any pre-existing traffic issues or bottlenecks
● What methods do you think are used to collect traffic data?
Trip Generation
Estimates
● Predicts the number of new trips a
development will create
● Uses established trip generation rates for
different land uses
● Considers peak hour and daily traffic
impacts
● May account for multi-purpose trips and
internal capture
● Why might accurate trip generation
estimates be crucial for the assessment?
Traffic Distribution and Assignment
● Determines how new trips will be distributed on the road network
● Considers likely origin and destination patterns
● Assigns new trips to specific routes and intersections
● May use travel demand models for complex assessments
● How might factors like nearby attractions or commuter patterns
influence traffic distribution?
Future Traffic
Projections
● Estimates future traffic volumes without
the proposed development
● Accounts for other planned developments
and general traffic growth
● Projects traffic conditions for different time
horizons (e.g., 5, 10, 20 years)
● Considers potential changes in travel
behavior or transportation technology
● What challenges do you foresee in
accurately predicting future traffic
conditions?
Capacity Analysis and Level of Service
● Evaluates how well roads and intersections handle traffic flow
● Uses Highway Capacity Manual methodologies
● Assesses delays, queues, and volume-to-capacity ratios
● Determines Level of Service (LOS) grades from A (best) to F
(worst)
● How might the acceptable Level of Service differ between urban
and rural areas?
Mitigation Measures
● Proposes solutions to address identified
traffic impacts
● May include road widening, new traffic
signals, or turn lanes
● Can suggest transportation demand
management strategies
● Aims to maintain or improve traffic
conditions with the new development
● What innovative mitigation measures can
you think of beyond traditional road
improvements?
Multimodal Considerations
● Assesses impacts on pedestrians, cyclists, and transit users
● Evaluates safety and accessibility for all transportation modes
● May recommend improvements to sidewalks, bike lanes, or bus
stops
● Promotes sustainable and inclusive transportation options
● Why is it important to consider multiple modes of transportation
in the assessment?
Tools and
Technologies
● Traffic counting equipment (e.g.,
pneumatic tubes, video cameras)
● Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for
spatial analysis
● Traffic simulation software for modeling
complex scenarios
● Data analytics and visualization tools
● How do you think emerging technologies
like AI might enhance traffic impact
assessments?
Challenges in Traffic Impact Assessment
● Accurately predicting future travel behavior
● Accounting for cumulative impacts of multiple developments
● Balancing development needs with transportation system
capacity
● Addressing induced demand from new or expanded roads
● What other challenges can you imagine in conducting a thorough
traffic impact assessment?
Environmental
Considerations
● Evaluates potential increases in vehicle
emissions
● Considers noise impacts from additional
traffic
● Assesses effects on air quality and climate
change
● May recommend green infrastructure or
low-emission zones
● How might environmental considerations
influence the recommendations of a traffic
impact assessment?
Economic Impacts
● Estimates costs of proposed infrastructure improvements
● Considers economic benefits of improved accessibility
● Evaluates potential impacts on property values
● May assess effects on local businesses and economic
development
● In what ways might a traffic impact assessment influence
economic decision-making for a city?
Public Engagement in
the TIA Process
● Involves stakeholders in scoping and
review stages
● Presents findings to the public for
feedback
● Addresses community concerns about
traffic impacts
● Helps build support for proposed
mitigation measures
● Why is public engagement important in the
traffic impact assessment process?
Integration with Urban Planning
● Informs land use decisions and zoning policies
● Supports transit-oriented development strategies
● Helps create more walkable and livable communities
● Aligns transportation planning with broader urban goals
● How might traffic impact assessments shape the future
development of cities?
Future Trends in Traffic
Impact Assessment
● Incorporating impacts of autonomous and
connected vehicles
● Assessing effects of shared mobility
services
● Considering changing work patterns (e.g.,
remote work)
● Integrating big data and real-time traffic
information
● What other future trends do you think
might influence traffic impact
assessments?
Conclusion: The Importance of Traffic Impact Assessment
● Ensures sustainable and efficient transportation systems
● Helps create more livable and accessible communities
● Supports informed decision-making for urban development
● Balances growth with infrastructure capacity
● How might your community benefit from well-executed traffic
impact assessments?
Transportation Safety and
Security
Lesson 3.2
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Safety and security are of
fundamental concern for
transport, both as the basis of a
citizen’s right to travel without
fear, and as a condition for the
reliable and efficient transport of
goods.
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Influences on Safety and Security
1 2
Design and Function of any
Laws and Regulations 5
path on which it travels
3 4 Environmental Conditions
Behavior of People Behavior of people/objects with
operating the vehicles whom the vehicles comes in
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contact during its travels
1
Government Laws and Regulations
1. Republic Act 4136: Land Transportation and Traffic Code
Rules
Scope and Coverage of RA 4136
RA 4136 is comprehensive enough to cover every
possible aspect of land transport. It includes:
a. Creation of the Comission (LTO)
It covers the creation of LTO known as the Land
Transportation Office in its mandate to administer the
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provisions and implement the law relative to road safety.
b. Registration of motor vehicles
This section details the mandatory registration of all
motor vehicles and other vehicles before they can be used
or operated on or upon any public highway of the
Philippines.
According to the law,
the registration of vehicles
must be renewed on or
before the date fixed,
otherwise, it will become
delinquent and invalid and
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unfit for use on open roads.
c. Setting of registration fees (for Motor Vehicles)
The law also provides for the mandatory LTO
fees related to registration and renewal depending
upon the vehicle classification, weight, and
dimension.
d. Issuance, usage, and suspension of certificates of
registration, record, number plates
If for example, a three violations of the same
type within a twelve-month period could result in
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the suspension of the registration certificate.
e. Operation of motor vehicles, including
application, fees, examination, issuance,
suspension, revocation, and renewal of license to
drive motor vehicles
f. Illegal use of license, number plates, etc
g. Passenger and Freight
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h. Motor Vehicle Accessories
Provisions for allowed use and modifications
of specific vehicle accessories, including:
• Tires
• Brakes
• Horns
• Headlights, taillights, stop lights
• Windshield wiper
• Use of red flag
• Mufflers
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i. Traffic Rules
The law also defines specific traffic rules and
the conditions of violations along with its
corresponding fines for the following:
• Overtaking, Passing other vehicles, and Turning at
an intersection
• Right of way and signals
• Turning and parking
• Miscellaneous traffic rules
• Speed limit
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j. Penal and other provisions
k. Collection of fees, taxes and fines, liens, and
allotment of funds
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2. Republic Act 10913: Anti-Distracted Driving Act of
2016
Republic Act 10913 or the
Anti-Distracted Driving Act
of 2016 prohibits drivers
from using electronic and
communication devices
while their car is in motion
or at a standstill at a red
light.
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2. Republic Act 10913: Anti-Distracted Driving Act of
2016
Exception is given to
bluetooth earphones,
speakers, and other
accessories that allow the
driver to use the device
without holding it. That's why
Grab drivers are allowed to
use their phones, provided
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their screen is not blocking
their view of the road.
2. Republic Act 10913: Anti-Distracted Driving Act of
2016
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3. Republic Act 10586: Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving
Act of 2013
RA 10586 or the Anti-Drunk
and Drugged Driving Act of
2013 is one of the most
serious driving laws in the
Philippines. Aside from the
penalty fees, driving under
the influence could lead to
injury and even death of all
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parties involved—the driver,
passengers, and pedestrians.
3. Republic Act 10586: Anti-Drunk and Drugged
Driving Act of 2013
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4. Republic Act 8750: Seat Belts Use Act of 1999
RA 8750 makes the use of
seat belts mandatory for
drivers, front seat, and back
seat passengers of public
and private vehicles.
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4. Republic Act 8750: Seat Belts Use Act of 1999
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5. Republic Act 10666: Children’s Safety on
Motorcycles Act of 2015
The law prohibits children
from boarding two-wheeled
vehicles running faster than
60 kph on public roads.
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5. Republic Act 10666: Children’s Safety on
Motorcycles Act of 2015
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6. Republic Act 10054: The Motorcycle Helmet Act of
2009
It requires motorbike drivers
and riders to wear DTI-
prescribed standard
protective motorcycle
helmets.
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6. Republic Act 10054: The Motorcycle Helmet Act
of 2009
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2
Highway Design and Maintenance
1. As traffic increases on the highways and accidents
become more common, changes are being made to
highway design to increase safety:
● More median dividers are being used
● Distance from pavement to parallel tree or fence line
has been increased
● The number of rest areas has been increased to allow
drivers to take more frequent breaks
2. Regular maintenance of roadways is also critical for safety.
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3
Driver Responsibility
1. Focus on driving
Ignoring distractions while driving and maintaining focus on
the road is key to driving safely.
2. Defensive driving
Drivers should not only think about themselves or their
driving. They should be aware of other drivers or vehicles while
traveling.
3. Regular car maintenance
Regular car maintenance is a way to know if there's nothing
wrong with the vehicle and safe use.
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4
Behavior of people/objects with
whom the vehicles comes in contact
during its travels
These influences are unpredictable by nature. A
person might run out in front of your car or someone
might run a stop sign and crash into you. We usually rely
on the proper authorities to minimize everyone’s risk.
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5
Environmental Conditions
Storms, earthquakes, and other natural phenomena
can create unsafe conditions for any mode of travel.
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TRANSPORTATION
POLICY ANALYSIS
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Introduction
Transportation policy analysis is the
process of evaluating transportation
policies to determine their effectiveness
and efficiency.
This involves identifying the goals of
the policy, collecting data on the policy's
impacts, and analyzing the data to draw
conclusions about the policy's
effectiveness.
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Steps in Transportation Policy Analysis
Establish Identify and Select the Implement
Define the Problem goals and evaluate preferred and monitor
objectives policy options policy the policy
Clearly identify Generate a Choose the Put the policy into
the Develop range of policy option effect and track its
transportation specific and potential policy that is most progress to
problem that measurable solutions and likely to achieve ensure that it is
the policy is goals for evaluate their the desired achieving the
intended to the policy. pros and cons. goals and desired
address. objectives. outcomes.
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Transportation Policy Objectives
Transportation policy objectives are the desired outcomes of
transportation policy. They can be broadly categorized into four areas:
Safety Efficiency
Reducing the number Improving the movement of
of traffic accidents, people and goods through the
injuries, and fatalities. transportation system.
Equity Sustainability
Ensuring that everyone Reducing the
has access to safe, environmental impacts
reliable, and affordable of transportation.
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transportation.
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Transportation Policy Analysis Methods
There are a number of different transportation policy analysis
methods that can be used to evaluate transportation policies.
Some of the most common methods include:
1. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
2. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA)
3. Impact assessment (IA)
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1. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
This method compares the costs and benefits of a policy to
determine whether it is worthwhile.
It involves identifying, quantifying, and monetizing all of the
costs and benefits associated with the project or policy, and then
comparing the two to determine whether the benefits outweigh the
costs.
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2. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA)
This method considers multiple objectives when evaluating a
policy.
MCA is a valuable tool for transportation policy analysis
because it can capture the complex trade-offs between different
objectives, such as safety, efficiency, equity, and sustainability.
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3. Impact assessment (IA)
This method assesses the impacts of a policy on different
groups of people or the environment.
It is an essential component of transportation policy analysis
because it helps to ensure that decision-makers are aware of the
potential consequences of their actions. Considers the following
impacts, economic impacts, social impacts and environmental
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impacts.
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Transportation Policies in the Philippines
1. Public Transportation Policies
2. Road Traffic Management Policies
3. Transportation Infrastructure Development Policies
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Transportation Policies in the Philippines
1. Public Transportation Policies
• The Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP)
• The Libreng Sakay Program
• The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System
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1. Public Transportation Policies:
• The Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP)
It aims to modernize the public transportation system in the
Philippines by replacing old and dilapidated vehicles with new, safe,
and efficient ones. The program also provides financial assistance to
drivers and operators who are willing to replace their vehicles.
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1. Public Transportation Policies:
• The Libreng Sakay Program
It provides free rides on public buses and jeepneys to students,
senior citizens, and persons with disabilities. The program is intended
to make public transportation more accessible and affordable for these
groups.
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1. Public Transportation Policies:
• The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System
The BRT system is a high-capacity, high-speed bus system that
is designed to improve public transportation in urban areas. The
system uses dedicated lanes, which allow buses to bypass traffic
congestion.
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Transportation Policies in the Philippines
2. Road Traffic Management Policies
• The Traffic Management Center (TMC)
• The Motorcycle Helmet Law
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2. Road Traffic Management Policies
• The Traffic Management Center (TMC)
The TMC is a central control center that monitors and manages
traffic flow in Metro Manila. The TMC uses a network of cameras,
sensors, and traffic signals to optimize traffic flow and reduce
congestion.
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2. Road Traffic Management Policies
• The Motorcycle Helmet Law
The Motorcycle Helmet Law requires all motorcycle riders and
passengers to wear helmets. The law is intended to reduce the number
of traffic accidents and fatalities.
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Transportation Policies in the Philippines
3. Transportation Infrastructure Development Policies
• The Build, Build, Build (BBB) Program
• The Toll Regulatory Board (TRB)
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3. Transportation Infrastructure Development Policies
• The Build, Build, Build (BBB) Program
The BBB program is a massive infrastructure development
program that aims to improve transportation infrastructure in the
Philippines. The program includes the construction of new roads,
bridges, railways, and airports.
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3. Transportation Infrastructure Development Policies
• The Toll Regulatory Board (TRB)
The TRB regulates the tolls charged by private toll operators in
the Philippines. The TRB aims to ensure that tolls are fair and
reasonable.
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These are just a few examples of
the many transportation policies that
have been implemented in the
Philippines.
Transportation policy is a complex
and ever-evolving field, and the
Philippines is constantly developing
new policies to address the challenges
of a rapidly growing and urbanizing
country.
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