SCH 4U Unit #3 Test – Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Name: K/U: /25 A: /25 C: /10 T/I: /10
Aids Permitted: ALCHEM Periodic Table, calculator, data table of Thermochemical Data, ruler
1Given Information:
q = mcΔt ΔHrxn = ΣnΔHf(products) - ΣnΔHf(reactants)
nΔHx = ΔH nΔHx = mcΔt
cwater = 4.18 J g-1 °C-1
Part A – Knowledge and Understanding [25 marks]
Multiple Choice [15] Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. An exothermic reaction is one where
a. heat is transferred from the surroundings into a system
b. heat is transferred from a system into the surroundings
c. kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy
d. there is no transfer of heat
e. none of the above
2. A chemical system in which matter cannot flow into or out of a system is described as
a. a closed system d. a chemical system
b. an open system e. none of the above
c. an isolated system
3. The specific heat capacity of a substance is
a. the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one
degree Celsius or Kelvin
b. the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one
degree Celsius or Kelvin
c. the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one molecule of a substance by
one degree Celsius or Kelvin
d. the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree
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Celsius or Kelvin
e. none of the above
4. If the heat of formation of sodium chlorate is –53 kJ/mol, then the heat of reaction for 3 mol of sodium
chlorate is
a. –17.7 kJ d. 159 kJ
b. 17.7 kJ e. none of the above
c. –159 kJ
5. Which statement concerning the accompanying diagram is true?
a. ΔH is positive
b. the system is endothermic
c. the system releases heat to the surroundings
d. the heat content of the reactants is less than the heat content of the products
e. the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of reactants
6. Consider the following equation for the combustion of hydrogen:
H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) ⟶ H2O(g) + 243 kJ
In order to produce 1215 kJ of heat, how many grams of H2 must burn?
a. 12.0 g d. 0.250 g
b. 0.100 g e. 8.00 g
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c. 10.0 g
7. Which of the following equations represents the correct heat of formation of water vapour?
a. H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) ⟶ H2O(l) d. H2(g) + O2(g) ⟶ 2H2O(g)
b. H2(g) + O(g) ⟶ H2O(g) e. H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) ⟶ H2O(g)
c. 2H(g) + O(g) ⟶ H2O(g)
8. The following property can be measured to determine the rate of the reaction
a. change in mass
b. change in colour
c. change in volume
d. change in pressure
e. all of the above depending on the reaction
9. What is the overall rate of change in the combustion reaction of propane if the initial volume of propane is
5.0 L and after 20 minutes of burning is 3.6 L?
a. 7.0 × 10-2 L/min d. 22.2 L/min
b. 14.3 L/min e. none of the above
c. 4.5 × 10-2 L/min
10. What property would be appropriate to measure the reaction rate in the following reaction:
a. change in conductivity d. change in pressure
b. change in mass e. change in temperature
c. change in colour
11. Generally, temperature affects the rate of a reaction in which of the following ways?
a. increasing the temperature reduces the rate of the reaction
b. decreasing the temperature decreases the rate of the reaction
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c. increasing the temperature increases the rate of the reaction
d. both a and b are correct
e. both b and c are correct
12. The exponents determined for the overall rate law equation
a. must be the same as the coefficients of the reaction
b. can be multiplied together to determine the rate of the reaction
c. can be added together to determine the rate of the reaction
d. can be added together to determine the order of the reaction
e. are independent of each other
13. Rates of reaction can be explained by
a. atomic theory d. rate theory
b. collision theory e. all of the above
c. kinetic molecular theory
14. Ineffective collisions are collisions that involve particles
a. without enough energy to react
b. with the wrong orientation
c. that rebound from the collision unchanged
d. that cannot react
e. all of the above
15. The activated complex
a. is an unstable molecule
b. has the maximum potential energy possible
c. may continue on to produce products
d. may revert to reactants
e. all of the above
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Part B – Thinking/ Inquiry [10 marks]
1. A calorimeter designed to have negligible heat loss is used to determine the specific heat capacity of metals.
A piece of thallium having a mass of 111.2 g is warmed to 95.0ºC and placed into the calorimeter containing
125.00 g of water at 12.5ºC. The water temperature goes up to 14.9ºC. Use this information to calculate the
specific heat capacity of thallium. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g·ºC. (4)
2. NO 2(g) and F 2(g) react to form NO 2 F (g) . The experimentally determined rate law for the reaction is written as
follows:
Rate = k[NO 2 ][F 2 ]
A chemist proposes the following mechanism. Determine whether the mechanism is reasonable.
Step 1 NO 2(g) + F 2(g) NO 2 F (g) + F (g) (slow)
Step 2 NO 2(g) + F (g) NO 2 F (g) (fast) (3)
3. Write balanced thermochemical equations for the following word equations. Include the heat term in the
Equation n the neutralization of nitric acid solution with aqueous potassium hydroxide to form potassium nitrate
and water, 53.4 kJ/mol of heat are produced. (3)
Part C – Communication [ 10marks]
Short Answer – You may use separate paper if you need more space-
1. Briefly explain what is being shown at each letter of the following diagram. Also, be sure to state
whether the overall reaction is endothermic or exothermic and how you can determine this. [5]
2. In the classroom setting, coffee cup calorimeters are very useful in exploring systems with small energy
changes. However, some experimental assumptions must be made when using these calorimeters.
Explain what these assumptions are. [2]
3. Use the principles of Collision Theory to explain how factors such as temperature, surface area, the
nature of the reactants, and concentration can increase the rate of a chemical reaction. [3]
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Part D – Application [25 marks]
Show full solutions with units for full marks. Complete all questions on separate paper.
1. A 25 g sample of Barium Hydroxide is placed in a coffee cup calorimeter with 75 mL of water at an
initial temperature of 22.5oC. As the salt dissolves a final temperature of 13oC is observed. Calculate
the molar enthalpy change for the reaction. [3]
2. A 5g piece of gold, having a specific heat capacity of 0.129 J/g x oC and an initial temperature of 75oC is
placed in coffee calorimeter with 50g of an unknown liquid at a temperature of 300C. As the mixture
reaches a thermochemical equilibrium the final temperature is 31.30C. What is the specific heat
capacity of the unknown liquid?
3. A paraffin candle is placed under a copper can containing water in such a way that the heat from the
burning candle is transferred completely into the calorimeter and its contents. The chemical formula
of paraffin is C20H42. Use the data given below to calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of paraffin
in kJ/mol. [5]
Quantity Measurement
Mass of water 200.0 g
Specific heat capacity of capper 0.385 J g-1 ⁰C-1
Mass of copper can 50.0 g
Initial temperature of calorimeter 23⁰C
Final temperature of calorimeter 78⁰C
Initial mass of candle 9.264 g
Final mass 8.154 g
4. Determine the enthalpy for this reaction: N2H4(l) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(l)
using the following thermochemical data. [5] ΔH⁰ (kJ)
1) 2 NH3(g) + 3N2O(g) 4 N2(g) + 3 H2O -1010 KJ
2) N2O(g) + 3 H2(g) N2H4(l) + H2O(l) -317 KJ
3) 2 NH3(g) + ½ O2(g) N2H4(l) + H2O(l) -143 KJ
4) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l) -286 KJ
5. Find the enthalpy of reaction for this reaction: 2 F2(g) + 2 H2O(l) 4 HF(g) + O2(g)
a) using standard heat of formation (ΔHf⁰) values [2]
1/2F2(g) + 1/2H2(g) HF(g) ΔHf = - 541.80 KJ
H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) H2O(l) ΔHf = -283.46 KJ
b) using bond energy values [3]
6. Under certain specific conditions, data for the reaction: 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g)
is obtained by measuring the rate of production of water as shown below.
Trial # [H2] (mol L-1) [O2] (mol L-1) Initial Rate of Production of H2O (mol L-1
min-1)
1 0.020 0.020 0.0036
2 0.040 0.020 0.0144
3 0.020 0.040 0.0287
a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant and write the rate law for the
reaction. [3]
b) Calculate the value of k, the rate constant. [1]
c) If the concentration of H2 is 0.025 mol/L and the concentration of O2 is 0.050 mol/L, calculate the
rate of the reaction. [1]
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Curriculum Expectations – Unit 3 Test: Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Strand D: Energy Changes and Rates of Reaction
D2.1–D2.8: Investigate energy changes and reaction rates; apply terminology, conduct
calorimetry, write thermochemical equations, use Hess’s Law, analyze factors affecting
rates.
D3.2–D3.7: Demonstrate understanding of enthalpy, collision theory, energy diagrams,
rate laws, and reaction mechanisms.
Strand A: Scientific Investigation Skills
A1.1–A1.13: Plan and conduct investigations, collect and analyze data, communicate
findings using appropriate formats and units.
