Mathematic

Assistant
 �កុមទី:

ស�ជិក�កុម: ���ន់ មុន�ីប����ជ

េហង េលៀងេម៉ង
� សុ�រ�ទ�
េសៀន េម៉ងហ��ង
ផុន ��
ផល សុប���

ដឹក�ំេ�យអ�ក�គ�:ស៊ុន េ��
 Chapter:1 Matrix
3.Let

A=�1 3 1� and B=�−1 1 0�

3 1 2 1 4 3
A. Calculate 2A+3B
B. Calculate A-B
C. Find C so that A+B+C=0
D. What is the size of the matrix 0 in C ?
Answer
A. Calculate 2A+3B
1 3 1 −1 1 0
2A+3B=2� �+3� �
3 1 2 1 4 3
2 6 2 −3 3 0
=� �+� �
6 2 4 3 12 9
−1 9 2
=� �
9 14 12
−1 9 2
2A+3B=� �
9 14 12
B. Calculate A-B
1 3 1 −1 1 0
A-B=� �+� �
3 1 2 1 4 3
0 2 1
=� �
2 −3 −1
0 2 1
A+B=� �
2 −3 −1
C. Find C

But A+B+C=0
0 2 1
ែត A+B=� �
2 −3 −1
0 2 1
� �+C=0
2 −3 −1
0 2 1
C=-� �
2 −3 −1
0 −2 −1
C=� �
−2 3 1
D. Size of matrix O in C
មា៉្រទស
ី O ែដលេកតេឡង
 ក�ុង C មានលំ ដប់ដូចនង ិ B គឺ 2×3 ។
ឹ A នង

4. Let
1 −4 0 1
A=�2 5 � and B=�1 5 �
3 7 2 −1
A. Calculate A+B
B. Write AT and BT
C. Calculate AT and BT
D. Write ( A + B )T
E. Compare ( A + B )T and AT + BT
Answer
A . Calculate A+B
 1 −4 0 1
A+B=�2 5 �+ �1 5 �
3 7 2 −1
1 −3
A+B=�3 10 �
5 6

B . Write AT and BT
1 −4
1 2 3
A =�2 5 �=�
T
�
−4 5 7
3 7

AT=�
1 2 3
�
−4 5 7
0 1
0 1 2
B =�1
T
5 �=� �
1 5 −1
2 −1
0 1 2
BT=� �
1 5 −1

C. Calculate AT+BT
1 2 3 0 1 2 1 3 5
AT+BT=� �+� �=� �
−4 5 7 1 5 −1 −3 10 6
1 3 5
AT+BT=� �
−3 10 6

D. Write ( A+B )T
1 −3
1 3 5
( A+B )T=�3 10 �T=� �
−3 10 6
5 6
 1 3 5
( A+B )T=� �
−3 10 6

E. Compare ( A+B )T and AT + BT

1 3 5
( A+B )T =� �
−3 10 6
1 3 5
AT+BT=� �
−3 10 6

( A+B )T= AT+BT

5. Let
−1 4 3 2
A=� � and B=� �
2 −1 1 0
Verify that ( A+ B )T =AT+BT
Answer
−1 4 3 2 2 6
( A+B ) =� �+� �=� �
2 −1 1 0 3 −1
2 6 2 3
( A+B )T=� �T=� � (1)
3 −1 6 −1
−1 2 3 1 2 3
AT+BT=� �+� �=� � (2)
4 −1 2 0 6 −1
T T T
តម(1)និង(2)េគបាន(A+B) =A +B ពិត។
6. Find a, b and c such that
𝑎𝑎 3
1 2 −1 3 1 1�=�9 𝑐𝑐
� �� �
1 4 1 5 0 2 𝑏𝑏 19
1 2
Answer
𝑎𝑎 + 2 + 0 + 3 3 + 2 − 2 + 6 9 𝑐𝑐
� �=� �
𝑎𝑎 + 4 + 0 + 5 3 + 4 + 2 + 10 𝑏𝑏 19
6𝑎𝑎 = 9 9 = 𝑐𝑐
� �
9𝑎𝑎 = 𝑏𝑏 19 = 19
 a=3 b=27 c=9

7. Calculate each of the following when it is defined, given that

1 2 1 −1 1 0 1 1
2 1
A=�2 1 3�,B=� 0 1 1 �,C=�2 1�and D=� �
1 3
0 0 1 1 −1 −1 0 4
a. AB b. AC c. CD d. BC e. DC F. BC+CD g. (A+B)C h. AC+BC
Answer
a. AB
1 2 1 −1 1 0 0 2 1
AB=�2 1 3� � 0 1 1 �=�1 0 −2�
0 0 1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1
0 2 1
AB=�1 0 −2�
1 −1 −1

b. AC
1 2 1 1 1 5 7
AC=�2 1 3� �2 1�=�4 15�
0 0 1 0 4 0 4
5 7
AC=�4 15�
0 4

c. CD
1 1 3 4
2 1
CD=�2 1� � �=�5 5 �
1 3
0 4 4 12
3 4
CD=�5 5 �
4 12

d. BC
 −1 1 0 1 1 1 0
BC=� 0 1 1 � �2 1�=� 2 5�
1 −1 −1 0 4 −1 −4
1 0
BC=� 2 5�
−1 −4

e. DC
1 1
2 1 6 6
DC=� � �2 1�=� �
1 3 3 18
0 4
6 6
DC=� �
3 18

f. BC+CD
1 0 3 4 4 4
BC+CD=�2 5�+�5 5 �=�7 10�
0 4 4 12 3 8
4 4
BC+CD=�7 10�
3 8
g. ( A+B )C
1 2 1 −1 1 0 0 3 1
ចំេពះ A+B=�2 1 3�+� 0 1 1 �=�2 2 4�
0 0 1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 0
0 3 1 1 1 6 7
( A+B )C=�2 2 4� �2 1�=� 6 20�
1 −1 0 0 4 −1 0
6 7
( A+B )C=� 6 20�
−1 0

h. AC+BC
 5 7 1 0 6 7
AC+BC=�4 15�+� 2 5 �=� 6 20�
0 4 −1 −4 −1 0
6 7
AC+BC=� 6 20�
−1 0

8. Let
1 −1 2
1 3 2
A=� �and B=�1 0 3�
1 0 1
1 1 0
Calculate AB and BTAT. How are these matrices related? Can you calculate ATBT?
Answer
គណនា AB និង BTAT
1 −1 2
1 3 2 6 1 11
AB=� � �1 0 3�=� �
1 0 1 2 0 2
1 1 0

6 1 11
AB=� �
2 0 2

1 −1 2 𝑇𝑇 1 1 1 1 1 6 2
T T 1 3 2
B A =�1 0 3� � � 𝑇𝑇=�−1 0 1� �3 0�=� 1 0�
1 0 1
1 1 0 2 3 0 2 1 11 2
6 2
T T
B A = � 1 0�
11 2
T T
គណនា A B
1 1 1 1 1
A B =�3 0� �−1 0 1�
T T

2 1 2 3 0
 េយង
 មន
ិ អចគណនា ATBT បានេទ។

9. a. Calculate the product

3 5 𝑥𝑥
� �� �
−1 4 𝑦𝑦
3𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦
b. write as a product of two matrices the 2 × 1 array � �
2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦
Answer
a. Calculate the product
3 5 𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦
� � � �=� �
−1 4 𝑦𝑦 −𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦

3 5 𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦
� � � �=� �
−1 4 𝑦𝑦 −𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦

b. Write as a product of two matrices

3𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦
� �
2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦
អចសរេសរបានជាមា៉្រទព
ី រី
3 4 𝑥𝑥
� � × �𝑦𝑦�
2 −1
3 4 𝑥𝑥
� � × �𝑦𝑦�
2 −1

10. Let
2 1 1 2 1 3 7 3 −1 8 4
A=�1 0 1 �, B=�1 0 8 2�, C=�0 2 3 5�
0 1 −1 1 4 3 6 0 6 −2 9
Calculate AB and AC. IF A, B and C are matrices such that AB=AC is it necessarily
True that B=C? Justify your answer.
Answer
Calculate
2 1 1 2 1 3 7 6 6 17 22
AB=�1 0 1 � �1 0 8 2�=�3 5 6 13 �(1)
0 1 −1 1 4 3 6 0 −4 5 −1

2 1 1 3 −1 8 4 6 6 17 22
AC=�1 0 1 � �0 2 3 5 �=�3 5 6 13 �(2)
0 1 −1 0 6 −2 9 0 −4 5 −1
If A ,B and C are matrices such that AB=AC is it necessarily true that B=C?

តម(1)និង(2)េគបាន AB=AC ែត B≠ 𝐶𝐶

11. Let
2 0 0 3 0 0
D=�0 4 0 �, E=�0 −1 0�
0 0 −1 0 0 2
a. Calculate D+E
b. Calculate aD+bE where a and b are scalars
c. Find a matrix B such that D + B = 03×3
Answer

a. Calculate D+E
2 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 0
D+E=�0 4 0 �+�0 −1 0�=�0 3 0�
0 0 −1 0 0 2 0 0 1

5 0 0
D+E=�0 3 0�
0 0 1

b. Calculate aD+bE , where a and b are scalars

 2 0 0 2𝑎𝑎 0 0
aD=a�0 4 0 �=� 0 4𝑎𝑎 0 �
0 0 −1 0 0 −𝑎𝑎
3 0 0 3𝑏𝑏 0 0
bE=b�0 −1 0�=� 0 −𝑏𝑏 0 �
0 0 2 0 0 2𝑏𝑏
2𝑎𝑎 0 0 3𝑏𝑏 0 0 3𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑎 0 0
aD+BE=� 0 4𝑎𝑎 0 �+� 0 −𝑏𝑏 0 �=� 0 4𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 0 �
0 0 −𝑎𝑎 0 0 2𝑏𝑏 0 0 −𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏

3𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑎 0 0
aD+BE=� 0 4𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 0 �
0 0 −𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏

c. Find a matrix B such that D+B=03×3

0 0 0
03×3=�0 0 0�
0 0 0
0 0 0
D+B=�0 0 0�
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
B=�0 0 0�-D=�0 0 0�-�0 4 0�
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1

−2 0 0
B=� 0 −4 0�
0 0 1

12. Let
2 0 0 1 2 1
D=�0 4 0 �and A=�0 3 4�
0 0 −1 2 1 1
Calculate DA and AD
Answer
Calculate DA and AD
 2 0 0 1 2 1 2 4 2
DA=�0 4 0 � �0 3 4 �=� 0 12 16 �
0 0 −1 2 11 −2 −1 −1

2 4 2
DA=� 0 12 16 �
−2 −1 −1

1 2 1 2 0 0 2 3 −1
AD=�0 3 4� �0 4 0 �=�0 12 −4�
2 1 1 0 0 −1 4 4 −1

2 3 −1
AD=�0 12 −4�
4 4 −1

13. Compute
1 0 0 4 0 0
�−1 3 0 � � 3 1 0�
3 2 −1 1 2 1
Answer
1 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0
�−1 3 0 � �3 1 0�=� 5 3 0�
3 2 −1 1 2 1 17 0 −1
1 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0
�−1 3 0 � �3 1 0�=� 5 3 0 �
3 2 −1 1 2 1 17 0 −1

14. If A and B are 3×3 lower triangular matrices, prove that AB is also 3×3 lower
Triangular matrix.
1 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0
េដយ A=�−1 3 0�, B=�3 1 0�ជាមា៉្រទស
ី ្រតេី កណេ្រកម AB=� 5 3 0 �ជាមា៉្រទស
ី ្រតី
3 2 1 1 2 1 17 0 −1
េកណេ្រកមលំ ដប់ 3×3 ពិត ។
 1 1 0
15. If A=�0 1 1�. Find A2 and A3 .Can you suggest a formula for An ?
0 0 1
Answer
1 1 02 1 2 1
A2=�0 1 1� =�0 1 2�
0 0 1 1 0 1

1 2 1
A =�0 1 2�
2

1 0 1

1 2 12 1 1 0 1 3 3
A3=�0 2 2� �0 1 1�=�0 1 3�
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1

1 3 3
3
A =�0 1 3�
1 1 1

n
សេង�ត A

ស្រមាប់ n=1
1 1 0
A = � 0 1 1�
1

0 0 1
ស្រមាប់ n=2
1 2 1
A =�0 1 2�
2

1 0 1
ស្រមាប់ n=3
 1 3 3
3
A =�0 1 3�
1 1 1 1 𝑛𝑛
𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛−1)
ដូចេនះ An=�0
𝑛𝑛
1 𝑛𝑛 �
0 0 1

1 1
16. a. Let A=� �. Calculate A2, A3, A4. What is A” for any integer n≥1?
0 0
1 1
b. Let A=� �. Calculate A2, A3, A4. What is An?
0 1
1 1
c. Let A=� �. What is An?
0 1
Answer
a. Calculate A2, A3, A4
1 1
A2=A3=A4=� �.
0 0
1 1
A2=A3=A4=� �
0 0

An= A ចំេពះ្រគប់ n≥1

2 3 4
b. Calculate A , A , A
1 12 1 2 1 13 1 3 1 14 1 4
2
A =� � =� � , A3=� � =� 4
� , A =� � =� �
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 2 1 3 1 4
A2=� �, A3=� �, A4=� �
0 1 0 1 0 1

An =�1 𝑛𝑛�
0 1

c. Calculate
1 02 1 0 1 03 1 0 4 1 04 1 0
A =�
2
� =� 3
�, A =� � =� �, A =� � =� �
1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1
 1 0
An= � �
𝑛𝑛 1

1 2 3
1 3
17. Find the inverse of A=� �, B=�0 2 3�
2 4 1 2 4
Answer
1 3
A=� �
2 4
-1 −2 1.5
Inverse of A គឺ A =� �
1 −0.5
1 2 3
B=�0 2 3�
1 2 4
1 −1 0
-1 3 1 1
Inverse of B គឺ B =� − �
2 2 2
−1 0 1
1 −1 0
ដូចេនះ −2 1.5 3 1 1
A-1=� �, B-1=� − �
1 −0.5 2 2 2
−1 0 1

18. which of the following matrices are singular? For the nonsingular ones find the
inverse
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 3 1 3
� � � � �1 1 2� �1 1 2�
2 6 −2 6
0 1 2 0 1 1
Answer
1 3
� � ជាមា៉្រទីស Singular មន
ិ មាន inverse
2 6
1 1
1 3
−
3 4
� � ជាមា៉្រទីស Singular គឺ � 4 2 �
−2 6
25 25
 1 2 3 0 1 −1
�1 1 2� ជាមា៉្រទីស Singular គឺ � 2 −2 −1�
0 1 2 −1 1 1

19. Invert the following matrices, if possible

1 2 −3 1
3 1 3 1 2 3 2 1 3
�−1 3 −3 −2 � �2 1 1� �1 1 2� �0 1 2�
2 0 1 5
1 0 3 1 1 0 1 0 3
3 1 −2 5
Answer
1 2 −3 1
�−1 3 −3 −2� det=0 មនមាន invert
ិ
2 0 1 5
3 1 −2 5
3 1 3
�2 1 1� det=2 អចមាន invert
1 0 3
1 2 3
�1 1 2� det=2 អចមាន invert
1 1 0
2 1 3
�0 1 2� det=5 អចមាន invert
1 0 3
20. Find the inverse, if it exists, of :
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 2 1
�1 2 3� �1 2 −1 2� �1 3 1 2� �
1 3 2�
1 −1 2 1 1 2 −1 1
0 1 1 1 0 1
1 3 3 2 5 9 1 6
1 1 2 1
1 2 2
�1 3 1� �0 −2 0 0�
1 2 1 −2
1 1 3
0 3 2 1
Answer
1 1 1 1 0 −1
1. �1 2 3� nonsingular � 1 −1 2�
0 1 1 −1 1 −1
 5 1
1 2 2 4 − −
2 2
2. �1 3 1� nonsingular �−1 1 0�
1 1
0 1 1 −1
2 2
1 1 1 1
3. �1 3 1 2 � singular
1 2 −1 1
5 9 1 6
13 1
⎡ 2 −1 ⎤
2
1 2 1
⎢ 1 1⎥
4. �1 3 2� nonsingular ⎢
2
0 − ⎥
2
1 0 1 ⎢ 1 1 ⎥
⎣− 2 1
2 ⎦
4 2
21. If A is a nonsingular matrix whose inverse is � � Find A.
1 1
Answer
Find A
4 2
េដយ A=� �
1 1
-1
តមរូបមន� A A=In
4 2 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 1 0
� �� �=� �
1 1 𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 0 1
4𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑐𝑐 4𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑑𝑑 1 0
� �=� �
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑑𝑑 0 1
4𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑐𝑐 = 1 46 + 2𝑑𝑑 = 0
េគបាន1-� , 2-�
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0 6 + 𝑑𝑑 = 1
4𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑐𝑐 = 1
ី រ1 : �
សមក
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0(−2)
2a=1
1 1
a= , c=−
2 2
4𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑑𝑑 = 0
ី រទ2
សមក ី :�
𝑏𝑏 + 𝑑𝑑 = 1 (−2)
2b=-2
b=-1
d=2
 A-
ដូចេនះ 1
−2
1
=� 2
1 �
1 1 1
-1
22. If A =�1 1 2�, find A.
1 −1 1
Answer
1 1 1
-1
េដយ A =�1 1 2�
1 −1 1
A=
ដូចេនះ 3
−1
1
2 2
� 1
0 − �
1
2 2
1 1 0
 Chapter: 2 Determinant
2 1 3
2 . Let A =�−1 2 0�
3 −2 1
a. Find adjA b. Computer det A c. A(adjA)=(adjA)A=det(A)I3
Answer
a. Find adjA
2 1 3
�−1 2 0�
3 −2 1
We
2 0
A11=(-1)1+1� �=2 , A12=(-1)1+2�−1 0�=1
−2 1 3 1
−1 2 1 3
A13=(-1)1+3� �=-4 , A21=(-1)2+1� �=-7
3 −2 −2 1
2 3 2 1
A22=(-1)2+2� �=7 , A23=(-1)2+3� �=7
3 1 3 −2
1 3 2 3
A31=(-1)3+1� �=-6 , A32=(-1)3+2� �=-3
2 0 −1 0
2 1
A33=(-1)3+3� �=5
−1 2
2 −7 −6
ដូចេនះ នាំេអយadjA =� 1 −7 −3�
−4 7 5

b. Compute detA
2 1 3
�−1 2 0�
3 −2 1
Then the determinant is
−1 2 2 1 2 1
Det(A)=3� �-0� �+1� �
3 −2 3 −2 −1 2
=-12+5=-7
The cofactors is 2 1 −4
�−7 −7 7 �
−6 −3 5

c. A(adjA)=(adjA)A=det(A)I3

2 1 3 2 −7 −6
A(adJA)=�−1 2 0� � 1 −7 −3�
3 −2 1 −4 7 5
2 −7 −6 2 1 3
=� 1 −7 −3� �−1 2 0�
−4 7 5 3 −2 1
−7 0 0 1 0 0
=� 0 −7 0 �=-7�0 1 0�=det(A)I3
0 0 −7 0 0 1
6 2 8
3. Like problem 2. For the matrix A=�−3 4 1�
4 −4 5
Answer
Det(A)=6XM11-2XM12+8XM13
4 1 −3 1 −3 4
M11=� �=24 , M12=� �=-19 , M13=� �=-4
−4 5 4 5 4 −4
Det(A)=6(24)-2(-19)+8(-4)=144+38-32=150

ដូចេនះ
det(A)=150

1
4. Use the formula A
-1
= (adjA) to find the inverse of each of the
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
following matrices if exists
4 2 2 4 0 0 4 1 2
A=�0 1 2� B=�0 −3 0� C=�0 −3 3�
1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 2
Answer
4 2 2
The inverse of A=�0 1 2� is
1 0 3
 3 3 1
−
3 −6 2 ⎡ 14 7 7 ⎤
1 ⎢ 1 5 4⎥
A-1= � 2 10 −8�=⎢ 7 − ⎥
14 7 7
−1 2 4 ⎢ 1 1 2 ⎥
⎣− 14 7 7 ⎦
4 0 0
B=�0 −3 0�
0 0 2
Then the determinant of B is
−3 0 0 0 0 −3
det(B)=4� �-0� �+0� �
0 2 0 2 0 0
= -24
The cofactors of B is
−3 0 0 0
B11=(-1)1+1� �=-6 , B12=(-1)1+2� �=0
0 2 0 2
0 −3 0 0
B13=(-1)1+3� �=0 , B21=(-1)2+1� �=0
0 0 0 2
4 0 4 0
B22=(-1)2+2� �=8 , B23=(-1)2+3� �=0
0 2 0 0
0 0 4 0
B31=(-1)3+1� �=0 , B32=(-1)3+2� �=0
−3 0 0 0
4 0
B33=(-1)3+3� �=-12 ,
0 −3
−6 0 0
The cofactor of B is � 0 8 0�
0 0 12
−6 0 0
នាំេអយ adjA = � 0 8 0 �
0 0 −12
-1 1
តមរូបមន� A = (adjA)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐵𝐵)
1 −6 0 0
=− �0 8 0 �
24
0 0 −12
 1 0 0
⎡ 4 −
24 24⎤
⎢ 0 1 0 ⎥
=⎢ − ⎥
24 3 24
⎢ 0 0 1 ⎥
⎣− 24 24 2 ⎦
1 0 0
⎡ 4 −
ដូចេនះ 24 24⎤
⎢ 0 1 0 ⎥
B-1=⎢ − ⎥
24 3 24
⎢ 0 0 1 ⎥
⎣− 24 24 2 ⎦

4 1 2
C=�0 −3 3�
0 0 2
The cofactor of C is
−3 3 1 2 1 2
Det(C) = 4� �-� �+� �=-24
0 2 0 2 −3 3
−3 3 0 3
C11=(-1)1+1� �=-6 , C12=(-1)1+2� �=0
0 2 0 2
0 −3 1 2
C13=(-1)1+3� �=0 , C21=(-1)2+1� �=-2
0 0 0 2
4 2 4 1
C22=(-1)2+2� �=8 , C23=(-1)2+3� �
0 2 0 0
1 2 4 2
C31=(-1)3+1� � = 9 , C32=(-1)3+2� �=12
−3 3 0 3
4 1
C33=(-1)3+3� �=-12
0 −3
−6 0 0
The cofactor of C is �−2 8 0 �
9 −12 −12
−6 −2 9
នាំេអយadjA = � 0 8 −12�
0 0 −12
1
−6 −2 9
-1 1
តនរូបមន� A = (adjA) = �0 8 −12�
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐶𝐶) −24
0 0 −12
1 1 3
⎡ 4 12 − 8⎤
⎢0 1 1 ⎥
=⎢ −
24 3 2 ⎥
⎢0 0 1 ⎥
⎣24 24 2 ⎦
 1 1 3
⎡ 4 12 − ⎤
8
ដូចេនះ ⎢0 1 1 ⎥
C-1=⎢ −
24 3 2 ⎥
⎢0 0 1 ⎥
⎣24 24 2 ⎦

5 . The characteristic equation of a square matrix A is the equation|𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 | = 0

3 2
Given the matrix A=� �, the characteristic equation is
−1 4
|𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 |=�3 − 𝜆𝜆 2
�=𝜆𝜆2-7𝜆𝜆+14
−1 4 − 𝜆𝜆
It can be shown that a square matrix always satisfies its characteristic equation.
So in this case A2-7A+14I=0
Find the characteristic equation and demonstrate that the matrix satisfies the equation
2 1 −1 −2 1 −1
2 1
A=� � A=� 0 1 0 � A=� 0 1 5 �
−3 −1
−1 0 1 −1 5 2
គណនាសមក ី រ
2 1
A=� �
−3 −1
Characteristic equation of matrix A is :
|𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 | = 0
2 1
A=� �
−3 −1
1 0
I=� �
0 1
3 − 𝜆𝜆 2
𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆=� �
−1 4 − 𝜆𝜆
= (2-𝜆𝜆)(-1-𝜆𝜆)-(1)(-3)= 𝜆𝜆 2-𝜆𝜆+1

2
ដូេច�ះ characteristic equation is 𝜆𝜆 -𝜆𝜆+1
 2
ពិេសធន៍ថាមា៉្រទីសAស�ិតក�ុងសមក
ី រេនះេយង្រត�វប��ក់ថា A -A+I=0
2
គណនា A
2 2 1 2 1 1
A =� � =� �
−3 −1 −3 −2
2
គណនា A -A+I
1 1
A2-A+I=� �-� 2 1
�+�
1 0
�
−3 −2 −3 −1 0 1
1−2+1 1−1+0 0 0
=� =� �
−3 + 3 + 0 −2 + 1 + 1 0 0

2 1 −1
A=� 0 1 0�
−1 0 1
Characteristic equation of matrix A is |𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 | =0
2 1 −1
A=� 0 1 0�
−1 0 1
1 0 0
I=�0 1 0�
0 0 1
2 − 𝜆𝜆 1 −1
𝐴𝐴 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆=� 0 1 − 𝜆𝜆 0 �=0
−1 0 1 − 𝜆𝜆
1 − 𝜆𝜆 0 0 0 0 1 − 𝜆𝜆
=(2 − 𝜆𝜆) � �-1� �-1� �
0 1 − 𝜆𝜆 −1 1 − 𝜆𝜆 −1 0
=(2 − 𝜆𝜆) (1 − 𝜆𝜆)2 -0+1- 𝜆𝜆 = 0
=(2 − 𝜆𝜆) (1 − 2𝜆𝜆 + 𝜆𝜆)2 +(1- 𝜆𝜆) = 0
=2-4 𝜆𝜆 + 2𝜆𝜆2 − 𝜆𝜆 + 2𝜆𝜆2 − 𝜆𝜆3 + 1 − 𝜆𝜆 = 0
=−𝜆𝜆3 +4𝜆𝜆2 -4 𝜆𝜆 + 1 = 0
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐴𝐴 = −𝜆𝜆3 + 4𝜆𝜆2 − 4𝜆𝜆 + 1 = 0
⇒ 𝐴𝐴= 𝐴𝐴3 − 4𝐴𝐴2 + 4𝐴𝐴 − 𝑍𝑍 = 0
 2 1 −1 2 5 3 −3
េដយ 𝐴𝐴 =� 0
2
1 0 � =� 0 1 0�
−1 0 1 −3 −1 2
3
13 8 −8
3
A =� 0 1 0�
−8 −4 5
13 8 −8 5 3 −3 2 1 −1 1 0 0
⇒ A=� 0 1 0 �-4� 0 1 0 �+4� 0 1 0 �-�0 1 0�
−8 −4 5 −3 −1 2 −1 0 1 0 0 1
13 8 −8 20 12 −12 8 4 −4 1 0 0
=� 0 1 0 �-� 0 4 0 �+� 0 4 0 �-�0 1 0�
−8 −4 5 −12 −4 8 −4 0 4 0 0 1
13 − 20 + 8 − 1 8 − 12 + 4 −8 + 12 − 4
=� 0 1−4+4−1 0 �
−8 + 12 − 4 −4 + 4 5−8+4−1
0 0 0
=�0 0 0�
0 0 0
ដូចេនះ 0 0 0
=�0 0 0�
0 0 0

6.The equation of line passing through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
can be determined by
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦1 1�=0
𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1
Find the equation of a line passing through
a. (0,0) and (5,3) b. (0,0) and (-2,2) c. (-1,0) and (5,-3)
d. (4,1) and (-2,2) e. (-4,3) and (2,1) f. (0,7) and (2,-7)
1 5
g. (− , −3) and (− , 1)
2 2
Answer
a. (0,0) and (5,3)
េដម្បរកសម
ី ី របនា�ត់កត់ចំណុចទំងពីរ (0,0) នង
ក ិ (5,3) ្រត�វបានកំណត់េដយ
 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦1 1�=0
𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1
តមសមក
ី រេដែតមណ
ី ង់
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦1 1�=0
𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1
=x�0 1�-y�0 1�+�0 0�=0
3 1 5 1 5 3
=x(-3)-y(-5)=0
⇒ 5y=3x
3
y= x
5
3
ដូចេនះ y= x
5

b. (0,0) and (-2,2)

េដម្បរកសម
ី ី របនា�ត់កត់ចំណុចទំងពរី (0,0) នង
ក ិ (-2,2)
េយង្រត�វកំណត់តមេដែតមណ
ី ង់
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦1 1�=0
𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1
0 0
=x�0 1�-y� 0 1
�+� �=0
2 1 −2 1 −2 2
=x(-2)-2y=0
⇒ -2y=2x
2
y=− x=-x
2
y=-x
ដូចេនះ y=-x
 c. (-1,0) និង (5,-3)
េដម្បរកសម
ី ី របនា�ត់កត់ចំណុចទំងពរី (-1,0) នង
ក ិ (5,-3)

ី ង់:
េយង្រត�វកំណត់តមេដែតមណ
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦1 1�=0
𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1
1 1 4 1 4 1
=x� �-y� �+� �=0
2 1 −2 1 −2 2
=x(-1)-y(6)+1(10)=0
=-x-6y+10=0
⇒ -6y=x-10
1 10
y=− x+
6 6
1 5
y=− x+
6 3
1 5
ដូចេនះ y=− x+
6 3

e. (-4,3) នង
ិ (2,1)
េដម្បរកសម
ី ី របនា�ត់កត់េលចំណុចទំងពីរ(-4,3)និង(2,1)
ក

េយង ី ង់:
 ្រត�វកំណត់តមេដែតមណ
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�−4 3 1�=0
2 1 1
3 1 −4 1 −4 3
=x� �-y� �+1� �=0
1 1 2 1 2 1
=x(2)-y(-6)+(-10)=0
=2x+6y-10=0
⇒ 6y=-2x+10
2 10
y=- x+
6 6
 ដូចេនះ 1 5
y=- x+
3 3

f . (0,7) និង (2,-7)

េដម្បរកសម
ី ី របនា�ត់កត់េលចំណុចទំងពរី (0,7)នង
ក ិ (2,-7)

ី ង់:
េយង្រត�វកំណត់តមេដែតមណ
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
�0 7 1�=0
2 −7 1
7 1 0 1 0 7
=x� �-y� �+� �=0
−7 1 2 1 2 −7
=x(14)-y(-2)+(-14)=0
=7x+y-7=0
⇒ y= -7x+7
ដូចេនះ y= -7x+7

1 5
g .(- ,3) នង
ិ (-2,1)
2
1 5
េដម្បរកសម
ី ី របនា�ត់កត់េលចំណុចទំងពីរ(- ,3) និង (-2,1)
ក
2
ី ង់:
េយង្រត�វកំណត់តមេដែតមណ
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
1
�− 2 −3 1�=0
5
− 1 1
2
1 1
−3 1 − −3 1 −
=x� �-y� 2
�+� 2
�=0
1 1 −5 1 −5 1
2 2
=x(-4)-y(2)+(-8)=0
=-4x-2y-8=0
=-2x-y-4=0
⇒-y=2x+4
Y=-2x-4
ដូចេនះ Y=-2x-4

7. The area of a triangle with vertices (x1,y1),(x2,y2) and (x3,y3) is the absolute
value of
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦1 1
1 1
�𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1�
2 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦3 1
3
Find the area of the triangle with the given vertices
a. (0,0),(3,1),(1,5) b. (-2,-3),(2,-3),(0,4)
c. (-1,2),(-3,1),(1,-5) d. (-1,-2),(-3,1),(4,-5)
e. (1,-2),(-3,2),(4,-3) f.(1,1),(-3,3),(4,-3)
g.(5,-1),(-3,3),(4,-3)
Answer
a. (0,0),(3,1),(1,5)
𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦1 1
1
តមរូបមន� = �𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦2 1�
2
𝑥𝑥3 𝑦𝑦3 1
1
0 0 1
⇒ �3 1 1�
2
1 5 1
1
= |0(1 − 5) − (3 − 1) + (15 − 1)|
2
1 14
= |14|= =7
2 2
b. (-2,-3),(2,-3),(0,4)
−1 2 1
1
តមរូបមន� Area= �−3 1 1�
2
1 −5 1
 1
= |(−2)(−3 − 4) + 3(2) + (8)|
2
1 28
= |14 + 14|= =14
2 2
ដូចេនះ Area=14

c. (-1,2),(-3,1),(1,-5)
−1 2 1
1
តមរូបមន� Area= �−3 1 1�
2
1 −5 1
=2 |(−1)(1 + 5) − 2(−3 − 1) + (15 − 1)|
1

1 16
= |−6 + 8 + 14|= =8
2 2
ដូចេនះ Area=8

d. (-1,-2),(-3,1),(4,-5)
−1 2 1
1
តមរូបមន� Area= �−3 1 1�
2
4 −5 1
=2 |(−1)(1 + 5) + 3(−2 + 5) + 4(−2 − 1)|
1

1 9
= |−6 + 9 − 12|= =4.5
2 2
ដូចេនះ Area=4.5

e. (1,-2),(-3,2),(4,-3)
−1 −2 1
1
តមរូបមន� Area= �−3 2 1�
2
4 −3 1
=2 |1(2 + 3) + 2(−2 − 4) + (9 − 8)|
1

=2 |5 − 14 + 1|=2=4
1 8
 ដូចេនះ Area=4

f.(1,1),(-3,3),(4,-3)
1 1 1
1
តមរូបមន� Area= �−3 3 1�
2
4 −3 1
=2 |1(3 + 3) + (−3 − 4) + (9 − 12)|
1

=2 |6 + 7 − 3|= 2 =5
1 10

ដូចេនះ Area=5

g.(5,-1),(-3,3),(4,-3)
5 1 1
1
តមរូបមន� Area= �−3 3 1�
2
4 −3 1
=2 |5(3 + 3) + (−3 − 4) + (9 − 12)|
1

=2 |30 + 7 − 3|= 2 =10

1 20

ដូចេនះ Area=10

8. show that
1 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2
�1 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 2 �=(y-x)(z-x)(z-y)
1 𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧 2
Answer
1 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 2 1 𝑦𝑦 2 2 1 𝑦𝑦
តម:�1 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 2 �=� �+� �+x � �
𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧 2
1 𝑧𝑧 2 1 𝑧𝑧
1 𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧 2
=(yz2-y2z)-x(z2-y2)+x2(z-y)
=yz(z-y)-x(z-y)(z+y)+x2(z-y)

=(z-y)[yz-x(z+y)+x2]

=(z-y)[yz-xz-xy+x2]

=(z-y)[z(y-x)-(-x)(-y-x)]

=(z-y)[z(y-x)+x(-y-x)]

=(z-y)[z(y-x)-x(y+x)]

=(z-y)(y-x)(z-y)
Chapter 3 System of Linear Equations
1. Solve each system of the equations using matrices (row operations). If the
system has no solution, say that it is inconsistent.
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 6 𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 7
a. �2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 16 b. � 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 4
2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 4 −3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = −10
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 0
c. �−2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2 = −7
3𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 7
2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 2 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 0 −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −1
d. � 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 2 e. �−𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 5 f. �−𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = −4
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 0 3𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 1 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = 0
2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 0 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 6 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 6
g. �3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 2 h. � 4𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 0 i. �7𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −1
𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 2 −2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = 1 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = 0
Answer
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 6
a. �2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 16
2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 4
 1 −1 0 6
្របព័ន[� A/B]=�2 0 −3� 16�
0 2 1 4
1 −1 0 6
=�0 2 −3� 4�R2new=R2old-R1old
0 2 1 4
1 −1 0 6
=�0 2 −3� 4�R3new=R3old-R1old
0 0 4 0
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 6 (1)
េគបាន[A/B]= �2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 16 (2)
4𝑧𝑧 = 0 (3)
តម(3): 4z=0 ⇒ z=0

យក z=0 ជួសក�ុង (2)

2y=4 ⇒ y=2
យក y=2 ជួសក�ុង (1)
X=6+2=8 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 8
Y=2
Z=0

ដូចេនះ
𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 7
b .� 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 4
−3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = −10
1 −2 3 7
្របព័ន�[A/B]=� 2 1 1� 4 �
−3 2 −2 −10
1 −2 3 6 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
=�0 5 −5� −10� 𝑅𝑅2 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − R 2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
0 −4 7 11 R 3 = R1 + R 3
1 −2 3 6
=�0 1 −1� −2�R2new=15R2old
0 −4 7 11
 1 −2 3 6
=�0 1 −1� −2� 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
0 −4 7 11 𝑅𝑅3 = 4𝑅𝑅2 0𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 + 𝑅𝑅3 0𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 7 (1)
េគបាន្របព័ន[� C/D]=� 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = −2 (2)
3𝑧𝑧 = 3 (3)
តម(1) : 3z=3

⇒ Z=1
យក Z=1ជួសក�ុង (2)

⇒ y-1=-2
⇒ y=-1
យក y=-1, Z=1ជួសក�ុង (1)

⇒ x-2+3=7
x+1=7
⇒x=6
ដូចេនះ
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 0
𝑐𝑐 . �−2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2 = −7
3𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 7
2 1 −3 0
្របព័ន[� A/B]=�−2 2 1 � −7�
3 −4 −3 7
2 1 −3 0
=�−2 2 new
1 � −7�R2 =R1 +R2
old old

3 −4 −3 7
2 1 −3 0
=�0 14
3 −2� −7�
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
0 −5 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅1 − 𝑅𝑅3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
3 3
ដូចេនះ
C ជា inconsistent
 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 2
d . � 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 2
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 0
1 −1 −1 1
្របព័ន�[A/B]=�2 3 1 � 2�
3 2 −2 0
1 −1 1 1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
=�0 5 3� 0 � 𝑅𝑅2 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑅𝑅2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 2R1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
0 0 0 −3 R 3 = R 3 − 3R1
េដយ 0x+0y+0z=-3
ដូចេនះ
D ជា inconsistent

2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 0
𝑒𝑒 . �−𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 5
3𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 1
2 −3 −1 0
្របព័ន[� A/B]=�−1 2 1 � 5�
3 −4 −1 1
3 1
1 − − 0 𝑅𝑅1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 1
=�−1 2
2 2 2
1 � 5 �
3 −4 −1 1
3 1
⎡1 − −
2 2 0⎤
=⎢⎢0 2 � 5⎥R2new=R2old+R1old
1 1
2 � ⎥
⎢ 1 1 1⎥
⎣0 2 2 ⎦
3 1
1 − − 0
2 2
= �0 1 1 � 5 � 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
2 2 −4 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
0 0 0
េដយ 0x+0y+0z=-4
ដូចេនះ
E ជា inconsistent
 −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −1
𝑓𝑓 . �−𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = −4
3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = 0
−1 1 1 −1
្របព័ន[� A/B]=�−1 2 −3� −4�
3 −2 −7 0
−1 1 1 −1 𝑅𝑅1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = (−1)𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
=�−1 2 −3� −4�
3 −2 −7 0
−1 1 1 −1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑅𝑅
=� 0 1 −4� −3� 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
2 = 𝑅𝑅2 + 𝑅𝑅1

0 1 4 −3 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 3𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜

−1 1 1 −1
=� 0 1 −4� −3� 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
0 0 0 0 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 − 𝑅𝑅2

េដយេឃញថា: 0x+0y+0z=0
ដូចេនះ
f ជា inconsistent

2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 0
g. �3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 2
𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 2
2 −3 1 0
្របព័ន[� A/B]=�3 2 2� 2�
1 5 3 2
2 −3 1 0 3
𝑅𝑅2 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑅𝑅2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
=�0 2 2 � 2�
13 7 2
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 1
0 0 0 0 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 − 𝑅𝑅2 2
េដយ : 0x+0y+0z=0

ដូចេនះ
g ជា inconsistent

2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 6

h. � 4𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 0
−2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = 1
 2 −2 3 6
្របព័ន[� A/B]=� 4 −3 1 � 0�
−2 3 −7 1
2 −2 3 6 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
=� 4 −3 1 � 0� 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑅𝑅2 = 𝑅𝑅2 − 2𝑅𝑅1

−2 3 −7 1 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 + 𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜

2 −2 3 6
=�0 1 −5� −12� 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
0 0 1 −19 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 − 𝑅𝑅2
2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 6 (1)
េគបាន្របព័ន[� C/D]=� 𝑦𝑦 − 5𝑧𝑧 = −12 (2)
𝑧𝑧 = −19 (3)
តម(3): z=-19

យក z=-19 ជួសក�ុង (2)

y-5z=-12
y-5(-19)=-12
y+95=-12
y=-12-95
y=-107
យក y=-1-7 , z=-19 ជួសក�ុង (1)

2x-2y+3z=6
2x-2(-107)+3(-19)=6
2x+214-47=6
2x+167=6
2x=6-167
2x=-161
161
⇒x=−
2
161
ដូចេនះ x=− , y=-107 , z=-19
2
 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 6
I . �7𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −1
2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = 0
3 −2 2 6
្របព័ន[� A/B]=�7 −3 2� −1�
2 −3 4 0
2 2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
1 − − 2 𝑅𝑅1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 1 𝑅𝑅1
=�7 −3 2 � −1�
3 3 3

2 −3 4 0
2 2
⎡1 −
3 3 2 ⎤ 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
=⎢⎢0 −
5 8� ⎥ 𝑅𝑅2 = 𝑅𝑅2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 7𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
3 3�
−15⎥ 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
⎢ 7 10 −4 ⎥ 𝑅𝑅3 = 𝑅𝑅3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 2𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
⎣0 −
3 3 ⎦
2 2
⎡1 −
3 3 2 ⎤ 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
=⎢⎢0 ⎥
8� 3
1 − � 9 ⎥ 𝑅𝑅2 = − 𝑅𝑅2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
5
3
⎢ 7 10 −4 ⎥
⎣0 −
3 3 ⎦
6
⎡1 0 −
8 ⎤ 𝑅𝑅1
15 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2
= 𝑅𝑅1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 + 𝑅𝑅2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
=⎢⎢0 ⎥ 8� 3
1 − � 9⎥
5 7
⎢ 2 17⎥ 𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑅𝑅2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 + 𝑅𝑅3 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
⎣0 0
3 ⎦ 3
6
10 − 8
15
=�0 8 9
1 − � 51� 𝑅𝑅 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 3 𝑅𝑅 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
5 3 2 3
0 0 1 2
6
⎧ 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 = 8 (1)
15
⎪ 8
េគបាន្របព័ន[� C/D]= 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 9 (2)
5
⎨ 51
⎪ 𝑧𝑧 = (3)
⎩ 2
51
តម (3): z=
2
51
យក z= ជួសក�ុង (2) និង (1)
2
 6
ករណី (1) = x− z=8
15
6 51
x− × =8
15 2
306
x− =8
30
306
x=8+
30
240+306
x=
30
546 182 91
x= = =
30 18 5
8 51
ករណី (2): y− × =9
5 2
408
y− =9
10
408
y=9+
10
90+408 498 249
y= = =
10 10 5
ដូចេនះ 91 249 51
X= , y= , z=
5 5 2

2. Find the parabola y=ax2+bx+c that passes through the points (1,2),(-2,-7),(2,-3)

ី រដូចខងេ្រកម:
បេង�តបាន្របព័ន�សមក
𝑎𝑎(1)2 + 𝑏𝑏(1) + 𝑐𝑐 = 2
�𝑎𝑎(−2)2 + 𝑏𝑏(−2) + 𝑐𝑐 = −7
𝑎𝑎22 + 2𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = −3
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 2 (1)
�4𝑎𝑎 − 2𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = −7 (2)
4𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = −3 (3)
យក(2)−(1)

េគបាន: (4a−2b+c)-(a+b+c)=-7-2

4a-2b+c-a-b-c=-9
⇒3(a-b)=-9
⇒a-b=-3 (1)
យក (3)-(1)

េគបាន: (4a+2b+c)-(a+b+c)=-3-2

4a+2b+c-a-b-c=-5
3a+b=-5 (2)
យក (2)+(1)
3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = −5
�
𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 = −3
4a=-8
8
⇒ a=− =-2
4
យក a=-2 ជួសក�ុង (2)

3(-2)+b=-5
-6+b=-5
⇒b=-5+6=1
យក a=-2 , b=1 ជួសក�ុង(1)

a+b+c=2
-2+1+c=2
-1+c=2
⇒C=2+1=3
ដូចេនះ y=-2𝑥𝑥 2 +x+3

3. Find the function 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 for which 𝑓𝑓(−3) = −112,
𝑓𝑓(−1) = −2 , 𝑓𝑓(1) = 4 , 𝑓𝑓(2) = 13 .
Answer
បេង�តបាន្របព័ន�សមក
ី រខងេ្រកម
 3 2
⎧𝑎𝑎(−3) + 𝑏𝑏(−3) + 𝑐𝑐(−3) + 𝑑𝑑 = −112
⎪ 𝑎𝑎(−1)3 + 𝑏𝑏(−3)2 + 𝑐𝑐(−3) + 𝑑𝑑 = −2
⎨ 𝑎𝑎(1)3 + 𝑏𝑏(1)2 + 𝑐𝑐(1) + 𝑑𝑑 = 4
⎪ 𝑎𝑎(2)3 + 𝑏𝑏(2)2 + 𝑐𝑐(2) = 𝑑𝑑 = 13
⎩
−27𝑎𝑎 + 9𝑏𝑏 − 3𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = −112 (1)
−𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 + −2 (2)
�
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 4 (3)
8𝑎𝑎 + 4𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 13 (4)
យក(3)-(2)

េគបាន: 8a+4b+2c+d-(-a+b-c+d)=13-(-2)

8a+4b+2c+d+a-b+c-d=15
9a+3b+3c=15
3a+b+c=5 (2)
យក(1)-(2)

េគបាន: -27a+9b-3c+d-(-a+b-c+d)=-112-(-2)

-27a+9b-3c+d+a-b+c-d=-110
-26a+8b-2c=-110
13a-4b+c=55 (3)
តម: (1) a+c=3

⇒c=3-a
យក C=3-a ជួសក�ុង (3)

13a-4b+(3-a)=55
13a-4b+3-a=55
12a-4b=52
3a-b=13 (4)
យក c=3-a ជួសក�ុង (2)

3a+b+3-a=5
3a+b-a=2
2a+b=2 (5)
យក (4)+(5)
3𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 = 13
�
2𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = 2
5a=15
⇒A=3
យក a=3 ជួសក�ុង (1)

a+c=3
3+c=3
⇒c=0
យក a=3, c=0 ជួសក�ុង (2)

3a+b+c=5
3 × 3+b=5
9+b=5
⇒B=-4
យក a=3, b=-4 , c=0 ក�ុង (3)

A+b+c+d=4
3-4+d=4
⇒d=5
ដូចេនះ f(x)=3𝑥𝑥 3 -4𝑥𝑥 2 +5
4.Find the solution of the system using the inverse of matrix
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 12 5𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 16 4𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑥𝑥 + 13𝑦𝑦 = 4
a.� b.� c.� d.�
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 7 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 6 2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 4 𝑥𝑥 + 11𝑦𝑦 = 2
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 2 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = −1 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 2
e.� 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = −8 f.� 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = 17 g.�−3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −14
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 3 5𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 2 4𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = 24
𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 4 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 4 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 1
h.� 2𝑥𝑥 − 7𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 5 i.� 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 2 j.�5𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = 7
3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = −7 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 3 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 3
𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 9 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 + 7𝑧𝑧 = 12
k.� 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 7 l.� 2𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 + 12𝑧𝑧 = 22
2𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 17 3𝑥𝑥 + 12𝑦𝑦 + 20𝑧𝑧 = 39
Answer
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 12
a.�
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 7
The matrix equation corresponding to the system is :
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� � � �=� �
1 2 𝑦𝑦 7
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
Let: � �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
 2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ
(x=3 , y=2) ជាចេម�យ
 ៃន្របព័ន�សមក
ី រ

5𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 16
b.�
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 6
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

4𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 2
c.�
2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 4
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
 -1
គណនាមា៉្រទីសច្រមាស់A
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
ី ៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=�
េគបានមា៉្រទស �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 13𝑦𝑦 = 4
d.�
𝑥𝑥 + 11𝑦𝑦 = 2
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
 2 −1
ី ៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=�
េគបានមា៉្រទស �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 2
e.� 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = −8
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 3
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
គណនាមា៉្រទីសច្រមាស់A
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
ី ៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=�
េគបានមា៉្រទស �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = −1
f.� 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = 17
5𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 2
 2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 2
g.�−3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −14
4𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = 24
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
គណនាមា៉្រទីសច្រមាស់A
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
 2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 4
h.� 2𝑥𝑥 − 7𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 5
3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 7𝑧𝑧 = −7
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 4
i.� 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 2
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 3
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
ី ៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=�
េគបានមា៉្រទស �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 1
j.�5𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = 7
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 3
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
គណនាមា៉្រទីសច្រមាស់A
 -1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 9
k.� 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 7
2𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 17
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
គណនាមា៉្រទីសច្រមាស់A
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
 2 −1
ី ៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=�
េគបានមា៉្រទស �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 + 7𝑧𝑧 = 12
l.� 2𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 + 12𝑧𝑧 = 22
3𝑥𝑥 + 12𝑦𝑦 + 20𝑧𝑧 = 39
2 3 𝑥𝑥 12
� �, x=�𝑦𝑦�, B=� �
1 2 7
-1
តម x=A B
-1
ី ច្រមាស់A
គណនាមា៉្រទស
-1 1
េដយA = adj(A)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 3
គណនា det(A)=� �=4-3=1
1 2
-1
គណនាA
2 3
� � Find adj(A)?
1 2
A11=(-1)1+1|2|=2 , A12=(-1)1+2|1|=-1
A21=(-1)2+1|2|=-3 , A22=(-1)2+2|2|=2
2 −1
េគបានមា៉្រទីសៃនកូហ�ក់ទរ័ A=� �
−3 2
2 −1
⇒adjA=� �
−3 2
-1 2 −1 12 3
េគបាន x=A B=� � � �=� �
−3 2 7 2
ដូចេនះ
5.Solve each system using Cramer’s Rule if it is applicable
5𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 13 3𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 = 24 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 4 2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = −2
a.� b.� c.� d.�
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 12 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 12 6𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = 0 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 3
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −4 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = −3
3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 0
e.� f.�2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = −15 g.� 2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −7
5𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 = 4
5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 12 −2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 4
𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = −8
h.� 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 12
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 6𝑧𝑧 = 1
Answer
5𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 13
a.�
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 12
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
5 −1 5 −1
A=� � ,det(A)=� �=15+2=17
2 3 2 3
13 −1 13 −1
A1=� � ,det(A1)=� �=39+12=51
12 3 12 3
5 13 5 13
A2=� � ,det(A2)=� �=60-2=34
2 12 2 12
51 34
េគបាន: x= =3, y= =2
17 17
ដូចេនះ x=3 , y=2

3𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 = 24
b.�
5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 12
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
3 −6 3 −6
A=� � ,det(A)=� �=12+30=42
5 4 5 4
24 −6 24 −6
A1=� � ,det(A1)=� �=96+72=168
12 4 12 4
3 24 3 24
A2=� � ,det(A2)=� �=36-120=-84
5 12 5 12
168 84
េគបាន: x= =4 , y=− =2
42 42
ដូចេនះ x=4 , y=-2
 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 4
c.�
6𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
3 −2 3 −2
A=� � ,det(A)=� �=-12+12=0
6 −4 6 −4

េដយ: det(A)=0 េនាះ្របព័ន�មន

ិ អចេដះ្រសយ

2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = −2
d.�
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
2 −4 2 −4
A=� � ,det(A)=� �=4+12=16
3 2 3 2
−2 −4 −2 −4
A1=� � ,det(A1)=� �=-4+12=8
3 2 3 2
2 −2 2 −2
A2=� � ,det(A2)=� �=6+6=12
3 3 3 3
8 1 12 3
េគបាន: x= = , y= =
16 2 16 4
ដូចេនះ 1 3
x= , y=
2 4

3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 0
e.�
5𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 = 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
3 −2 3 −2
A=� � ,det(A)=� �=30+10=40
5 10 5 10
0 −2 0 −2
A1=� � ,det(A1)=� �=0+8=8
4 10 4 10
3 0 3 0
A2=� � ,det(A2)=� �=12-0=12
5 4 5 4
8 1 12 3
េគបាន: x= = , y= =
40 5 40 10
 ដូចេនះ 1 3
x= , y=
5 10

𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −4
f.�2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑧 = −15
5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 12
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴3 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y= , z=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
1 −1 1 1 −1 1
A=�2 −3 4 � ,det(A)=�2 −3 4 �
5 1 −2 5 1 −2
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=� �-(-1)� �+� �
1 −2 5 −2 5 1
= (6-4)+(-4-20)+(2+15)
=2-24+17=-5
−4 −1 1 −4 −1 1
A1=�−15 −3 4 � ,det(A1)=�−15 −3 4 �
12 1 −2 12 1 −2
−3 4 −15 4 −15 −3
=-4� �-� �+� �
1 −2 12 −2 12 1
=-4(6-6)-(30-48)+(-15+26)
=-8+18+11
=10+11=21
1 −4 1 1 −1 1
A2=�2 −3 4 � ,det(A2)=�2 −3 4 �
5 1 −2 5 1 −2
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=� �-(−1) � �+� �
1 −2 5 −2 5 1
=(30-48)-4(-4-20)+(24+75)
=-18+64+99
=145
1 −4 −4 1 −1 −4
A3=�2 −3 −15� ,det(A2)=�2 −3 −15�
5 1 12 5 1 12
 −3 −15 2 −15 2 −3
=� �-� �+4 � �
1 12 5 12 5 1
=(30+15))-(24+75)-4(2+15)
=51-99-68
=-116
21
េគបាន : x=-
5
145
y= =29
5
116
z=-
5
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = −3
g.� 2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −7
−2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴3 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y= , z=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
1 −1 1 1 −1 1
A=�2 −3 4 � ,det(A)=�2 −3 4 �
5 1 −2 5 1 −2
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=� �-(-1)� �+� �
1 −2 5 −2 5 1
= (6-4)+(-4-20)+(2+15)
=2-24+17=-5
−4 −1 1 −4 −1 1
A1=�−15 −3 4 � ,det(A1)=�−15 −3 4 �
12 1 −2 12 1 −2
−3 4 −15 4 −15 −3
=-4� �-� �+� �
1 −2 12 −2 12 1
=-4(6-6)-(30-48)+(-15+26)
=-8+18+11
=10+11=21
 1 −4 1 1 −1 1
A2=�2 −3 4 � ,det(A2)=�2 −3 4 �
5 1 −2 5 1 −2
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=� �-(−1) � �+� �
1 −2 5 −2 5 1
=(30-48)-4(-4-20)+(24+75)
=-18+64+99
=145
1 −4 −4 1 −1 −4
A3=�2 −3 −15� ,det(A2)=�2 −3 −15�
5 1 12 5 1 12
−3 −15 2 −15 2 −3
=� �-� �+4 � �
1 12 5 12 5 1
=(30+15))-(24+75)-4(2+15)
=51-99-68
=-116
21
េគបាន : x=-
5
145
y= =29
5
116
z=-
5
ដូចេនះ

𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧 = −8
h.� 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 12
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 6𝑧𝑧 = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴1 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴3 )
តមរូបមន� x= , y= , z=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝐴𝐴)
1 −1 1 1 −1 1
A=�2 −3 4 � ,det(A)=�2 −3 4 �
5 1 −2 5 1 −2
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=� �-(-1)� �+� �
1 −2 5 −2 5 1
= (6-4)+(-4-20)+(2+15)
 =2-24+17=-5
−4 −1 1 −4 −1 1
A1=�−15 −3 4 � ,det(A1)=�−15 −3 4 �
12 1 −2 12 1 −2
−3 4 −15 4 −15 −3
=-4� �-� �+� �
1 −2 12 −2 12 1
=-4(6-6)-(30-48)+(-15+26)
=-8+18+11
=10+11=21
1 −4 1 1 −1 1
A2=�2 −3 4 � ,det(A2)=�2 −3 4 �
5 1 −2 5 1 −2
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=� �-(−1) � �+� �
1 −2 5 −2 5 1
=(30-48)-4(-4-20)+(24+75)
=-18+64+99
=145
1 −4 −4 1 −1 −4
A3=�2 −3 −15� ,det(A2)=�2 −3 −15�
5 1 12 5 1 12
−3 −15 2 −15 2 −3
=� �-� �+4 � �
1 12 5 12 5 1
=(30+15))-(24+75)-4(2+15)
=51-99-68
=-116
21
េគបាន : x=-
5
145
y= =29
5
116
z=-
5
ដូចេនះ
6.Solve
1 1 4 3
+ =8 − =0
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
a.�3 5 b.�6 3
− =0 + =2
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 2𝑦𝑦
Answer
1 1
+ =8
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
a.�3 5
− =0
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
8
− =-24
𝑦𝑦
8 1
⇒ y= =
24 3
1
យក y= ជួសក�ុង (1)
3
1 1
េគបាន + =8
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
1 1
=8-
𝑥𝑥 3
1 23
=
𝑥𝑥 3
3=23x
3
⇒X=
23
ដូចេនះ 3 1
x= , y=
23 3

4 3
− =0
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
b.�6 3
+ =2
𝑥𝑥 2𝑦𝑦
4 6
⇒ + =1
𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥
8+6
=1
2𝑥𝑥
14
=1
2𝑥𝑥
14=2x
⇒X=7
យក x=7 ជួសក�ុង (1)
4 3
េគបាន − =0
7 𝑦𝑦
4 3
=
7 𝑦𝑦
4y=21
21
⇒Y=
4
ដូចេនះ 21
x=7 , y=
4

7.Solve for 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 1 1
𝑥𝑥 1
a. � �=5 b.� �=−2 c.� 4 3 2� = 2
4 3 3 𝑥𝑥
−1 2 5
𝑥𝑥 1 2
d.�1 𝑥𝑥 3�=−4𝑥𝑥
0 1 2
Answer
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
a. � �=5
4 3
⇒3x-4x=5
-x=5
X=-5
ដូចេនះ X=-5

𝑥𝑥 1
b.� �=−2
3 𝑥𝑥
⇒x2-3=-2
x2=-2+3
x2=1
x=±√1
ដូចេនះ X1=1
X2=-1

𝑥𝑥 1 1
c.� 4 3 2� = 2
−1 2 5
3 2 4 2 4 3
⇒x� �-� �+� �=2
2 5 −1 5 −1 2
X(15-4)-(20+2)+(8+3)=2
11x-22+11=2
11x-11=2
11x=13
13
X=
11
13
ដូចេនះ X=
11

𝑥𝑥 1 2
d.�1 𝑥𝑥 3�=−4𝑥𝑥
0 1 2
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 1
⇒� �+2 � �=-4x
1 3 1 𝑥𝑥
(3x-2)+2(x2-1)=-4x
-3x+2+2X2-2=-4x
2x2-3x=-4x
X(2x-3)=-4x
2x-3=-4
2x=-4+3
1
⇒X=−
2
1
ដូចេនះ X=−
2