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Operating System

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, acting as an interface between users and hardware while providing essential services for applications. Key functions include device management, process management, memory management, and file system management, with various types such as batch, real-time, time-sharing, and mobile OS. Modern trends in OS include cloud-based systems, cross-platform compatibility, and AI integration.

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5 views7 pages

Operating System

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, acting as an interface between users and hardware while providing essential services for applications. Key functions include device management, process management, memory management, and file system management, with various types such as batch, real-time, time-sharing, and mobile OS. Modern trends in OS include cloud-based systems, cross-platform compatibility, and AI integration.

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vabaso5932
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Operating

Systems
Subtitle: Concepts, Functions, and Types
Course Instructor: Maheen Zulfiqar
What is an Operating System?
• Definition:
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer
hardware and software resources and provides common services for
computer programs.
• Explanation:
• Acts as an interface between the user and hardware
• Manages system resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices)
• Essential for running applications
Functions of an Operating System
• Device Management
• Process Management
• Manages input/output devices
• Manages processes (running programs)
(keyboard, printers)
• Handles scheduling, creation,
• Uses device drivers for communication
termination
• Security & Access Control
• Memory Management
• Protects data and system integrity
• Allocates memory to processes
• Authenticates users and permissions
• Ensures no memory conflicts
• User Interface
• File System Management
• Provides GUI or CLI to interact with
• Controls data storage and retrieval
system
• Manages directories, permissions
Types of Operating Systems
• Batch OS • Real-Time OS (RTOS)
• Executes batches of jobs without user • Processes data in real-time without
interaction delay
• Used in early computers • Used in embedded systems, robotics
• Example: IBM OS/360 • Example: VxWorks, RTLinux
• Time-Sharing OS (Multitasking) • Network OS
• Allows multiple users/programs to run • Provides services to computers
simultaneously connected in a network
• Each user gets a time slice • Allows file sharing, printer access
• Example: UNIX • Example: Windows Server
• Distributed OS • Mobile OS
• Manages a group of separate computers • Designed for mobile devices
as one system • Touch interface, power-efficient
• Load sharing, fault tolerance • Example: Android, iOS
• Example: Amoeba, Plan 9
Examples of Popular Operating Systems

OS Type Example Platform

Desktop Windows 10/11 PCs, laptops

Open Source Ubuntu Linux PCs, servers

Mobile Android, iOS Smartphones

Server Windows Server Data centers


Components of an Operating System

• Device Drivers
• Kernel
• Software modules that control
• Core of the OS
hardware
• Manages memory, processes, devices
• Act as a translator between device and
• Runs in privileged mode
OS
• Shell
• System Utilities
• Interface to interact with the kernel
• Programs that perform maintenance
• CLI (Command Line Interface) or GUI
tasks
• File System
• Example: Disk Cleanup, Antivirus
• Organizes data on storage devices
Modern Trends in OS

• Cloud-Based OS: Chrome OS, virtual desktops


• Cross-Platform Compatibility: Run apps on multiple devices
• AI Integration: Voice control, smart system management

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