Brighton College Biology Department
TOPIC 2
Cells and Control
Mark Scheme
Name:………………………………………..
Brighton College Biology Department
GCSE (9-1) Biology and GCSE Combined Science – shared topics
2.1 Describe mitosis as part of the cell cycle including the stages interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase and telophase and cytokinesis
2.2 Describe the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction
2.3 Describe the division of a cell by mitosis as the production of two daughter cells, each with
identical sets of chromosomes in the nucleus to the parent cell, and that this results in the
formation of two genetically identical diploid body cells
1)
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
2)
Brighton College Biology Department
3)
Brighton College Biology Department
4)
5)
Brighton College Biology Department
6)
7)
Brighton College Biology Department
8)
9)
Brighton College Biology Department
10)
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
2.4 Describe cancer as the result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled cell division
2.5 Describe growth in organisms, including:
a) cell division and differentiation in animals
b) cell division, elongation and differentiation in plants
Q1.
Q2.
Brighton College Biology Department
(Total for question = 5 marks)
2.6 Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells
1)
(Total for question = 4 marks)
2.7 Demonstrate an understanding of the use of percentiles charts to monitor growth
1)
Answer Acceptable answers Ma
rk
(a)(i) Accept increases and then (2)
Brighton College Biology Department
• height / growth increases until levels off / height increases
15/18 (years old) (1) (until 20) for 1 mark
• height / growth starts to level off /
plateau / slows down after 15/18 (1) ecf on figures quoted Accept
growth stops after 18
(a)(ii) Two marks for correct bald
• 155 / 155.5 – 132 / 132.5 (cm) (1) answer ecf (2
• answer between 22 and 23.5 (cm) 2 marks cannot be awarded if )
(1) mp 1 not correct
(a)(iii) An explanation linking two points
• 95% will be smaller / that height or
smaller
OR
5% will be taller / at that height or taller (1)
• at that age (1) (2)
(b)(i) transcription (1) Accept phonetic spelling (1)
(b)(ii) A (1)
2.8 Describe the function of embryonic stem cells, stem cells in animals and meristems in plants
2.9 Discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with the use of stem cells in medicine
1)
Brighton College Biology Department
2.13 Explain the structure and function of sensory receptors, sensory neurones, relay neurones in
the CNS, motor neurones and synapses in the transmission of electrical impulses, including the
axon, dendron, myelin sheath and the role of neurotransmitters
2.14 Explain the structure and function of a reflex arc including sensory, relay and motor neurones
1)
Brighton College Biology Department
2)
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
3)
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
GCSE (9-1) Biology topics ONLY
2.10B Describe the structures and functions of the spinal cord and the brain including the
cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres and medulla oblongata
1)
2)
Brighton College Biology Department
3)
2.11B Explain how the difficulties of accessing brain tissue inside the skull can be overcome by
using CT scanning and PET scanning to investigate brain function
1)
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
2.12B Explain some of the limitations in treating damage and disease in the brain and other parts
of the nervous system, including spinal injuries and brain tumours
Brighton College Biology Department
2.15B Explain the structure and function of the eye as a sensory receptor including the role of:
a) the cornea and lens
b) the iris
c) rod and cone cells in the retina
2.16B Describe defects of the eye including cataracts, longsightedness, short-sightedness and
colour blindness
2.17B Explain how cataracts, long-sightedness and shortsightedness can be corrected
1)
Brighton College Biology Department
2)
Brighton College Biology Department
3)
Brighton College Biology Department
4)
5)
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
Brighton College Biology Department
6)
Brighton College Biology Department
7)
Brighton College Biology Department
8)
9)
