Methods of Gathering Data
Objectives:
✓ Identify the different methods of gathering
data; and
✓ Identify the appropriate data-gathering
method for a given problem situation
accurately.
Data Collection
Data collection is the process of
gathering information from different
sources in order to answer or solve a
particular study.
Primary Secondary
It refers to the data Secondary Data refers to the
gathered by the data used in research by the
investigator which is
researcher directly from
originally gathered by some
the source of origin for a other person for some other
definite purpose. purpose.
Data-Gathering Methods
1. Surveys and Questionnaires
Description: Surveys involve asking individual a set of
predetermined questions, often in written form, to gather
information about their opinion, behaviors, or characteristics.
Application: social sciences, market research and public
opinions polls.
Advantages: Cost-effective. Can reach a large audience,
standardized format.
Challenges: Response bias, limited depth of information.
Data-Gathering Methods
1. Surveys and Questionnaires
Examples:
1. Effects of modular distance learning and online
learning.
2. Causes of cigarette smoking at young age.
Data-Gathering Methods
2. Interviews
Description: Interviews involve direct interaction between a
researcher and a participant, where questions are asked and
responses are recorded.
Application: Common in qualitative research, case studies,
and in-depth investigations.
Advantages: Allows for in-depth exploration, flexibility in
questioning, and clarification of responses.
Challenges: Time-consuming, potential for interviewer bias.
Data-Gathering Methods
2. Interviews
Examples:
1. Point of view of parents about cancelation of
classes during typhoons.
2. Survey about the gate price of coconut product
between buyers.
Data-Gathering Methods
3. Observations
Description: Researchers directly observe and record behavior,
events, or phenomena without direct interaction with the
participants.
Application: Used in naturalistic studies, ethnography, and
behavioral research.
Advantages: Provides firsthand information and minimizes
response bias.
Challenges: Observer bias, limited insight into underlying
motivations.
Data-Gathering Methods
3. Observations
Examples:
1. The increasing numbers of costumers entering
coffee shop.
2. Attitude of grade 7 students inside the classroom.
Data-Gathering Methods
4. Experiments
Description: Researchers manipulate variables to observe the
effect on the outcome. Controlled conditions help establish
cause-and effect relationships.
Application: Common in natural sciences, psychology, and
medicine.
Advantages: Allows for causal inference, high internal validity.
Challenges: Artificial settings may limit generalizability, ethical
concerns.
Data-Gathering Methods
4. Experiments
Examples:
1. Reaction level of herbicide to the grass.
2. A drug trial where a new medication is tested
against a placebo.
Group Activity:
Direction: Identify the appropriate method of collecting
data for each statement.
1. It is employed when researchers systematically manipulate one or
more variables to observe the effect on another variable.
2. A method that involves the systematic gathering of information
through direct interaction with participants, allowing for a
personalized and in-depth exploration of their experience and
perspectives.
3. It is a structured set of questions designed to gather information from a
large number of respondents, often used for statistical analysis.
4. The most appropriate method if researchers want to collect data by
watching and recording behaviors or events as they naturally occur
without interference.
Group Activity:
Direction: Identify the appropriate method of
collecting data for each statement.
1. It is employed when researchers systematically
manipulate one or more variables to observe the
effect on another variable.
Experiment
Practice Exercise:
Direction: Identify the appropriate method of
collecting data for each statement.
2. A method that involves the systematic gathering of
information through direct interaction with
participants, allowing for a personalized and in-depth
exploration of their experience and perspectives.
Interview
Practice Exercise:
Direction: Identify the appropriate method of
collecting data for each statement.
3. It is a structured set of questions designed to gather
information from a large number of respondents,
often used for statistical analysis.
Questionnaire
Practice Exercise:
Direction: Identify the appropriate method of
collecting data for each statement.
4. The most appropriate method if researchers want to
collect data by watching and recording behaviors or
events as they naturally occur without interference.
Observation
Generalization:
What are the methods of collecting
data in statistics?
Data-Gathering Methods
1. Surveys and Questionnaires
The researcher gives or distributes the questionnaire to
the respondents either by personal delivery or by mail
thus saving time and money but poses a problem of
retrieval.
Data-Gathering Methods
2. Interviews
The researcher has direct contact with the
respondent and can clarify unclear statements
immediately but it is costly and time-consuming.
Data-Gathering Methods
3. Observations
It is done by carefully and systematically watching of
facts as they occur in course of nature. Researchers
most of the time aims to focus their observation on
human behavior, use of phenomenon, and human
interactions related to phenomenon.
Data-Gathering Methods
4. Experiments
It is most appropriate way for drawing causal
conclusions, regarding interventions or treatments
and establishing whether or not one or more factors
causes a change in an outcome but it typically
cannot specify “why” the outcome occurred
Assessment:
Direction: Identify the appropriate method of
collecting data for each statement.
1. Point of view of parents about the k-12 curriculum.
2. Effects of modular distance learning and online
learning.
3. Gemination rates of mango seeds.
4. The impact of playing online games to the grade 7
students.
5. The increasing numbers of students with no GMRC.
Thank You!
