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Tutorial 1

The document contains a series of mathematical problems related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including initial value problems (IVPs), general solutions, nonlinear problems, and weak solutions. It also addresses specific equations and conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions. The problems require the application of various techniques in the study of PDEs.

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Brijesh Mishra
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60 views2 pages

Tutorial 1

The document contains a series of mathematical problems related to partial differential equations (PDEs), including initial value problems (IVPs), general solutions, nonlinear problems, and weak solutions. It also addresses specific equations and conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions. The problems require the application of various techniques in the study of PDEs.

Uploaded by

Brijesh Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2501-MTL603: TUTORIAL-1

Q1. Solve the IVP and determine the values of x and y for which it exists:
1
i) xux + uy = y, u(x, 0) = x2 , ii) ux − 2uy = u, u(0, y) = y, iii) ux + uy = u2 , u(x, 1) = x2 ,
y
2 √ 2
iv) ux + u uy = 1, u(x, 0) = 1, v) ux + uuy = 0, u(x, 0) = 1 + x ,
y2 y
vi) uy − xuux = 0, u(x, 0) = x, vii) uux + uy = 1, u( , y) = .
4 2

Q2. Find a general solution of


a) (x + u)ux + (y + u)uy = 0, b) (x2 + 3y 2 + 3u2 )ux − 2xyuy + 2xu = 0.

√
Q3. Consider the equation ux + uy = u. Derive the general solution of the form
(x + f (x − y))2
u(x, y) =
4
for smooth function f .

Q4. Solve the nonlinear problems:


x2
i) u2x + yuy = u, u(x, 1) = + 1, ii) u2x − 3u2y = u, u(x, 0) = x2 ,
4
1 x2
iii) u = xux + yuy + (u2x + u2y ), u(x, 0) = 1 − .
2 2

Q5. Consider the nonlinear PDE


u2x + u2y = u, u(x, 0) = bx2 .
For what constants b > 0, is there a solution of the PDE? Is it unique ?

Q6. Consider a nonlinear PDE


c2 (u2x + u2y ) = 1, u(x, x2 ) = h(x)
where c > 0 is fixed constant. Find condition on h such that given problem has a solution. For
such h, find the characteristic curves.

Q7. Find the complete integral of


i) uux uy = ux + uy , ii) xu2x + yu2y = u, iii) u2x + u2y = xu, iv) yuy + xux + f (ux , uy ) = u,
where f : R2 → R is a given smooth function.
p
Q8. Check that u(x, y, a, b) := ± 1 − (x − a)2 − (y − b)2 is a complete integral of the PDE
u2 (1 + u2x + u2y ) = 1.
Find the singular solution the of given nonlinear PDE.

Q9.Show that u1 = ex and u2 = e−y are solutions of the nonlinear PDE (ux + uy )2 = u2 , but
their sum is NOT a solution.
1
2

Q10. Find a weak solution of the Burger’s equation



0, x ≤ 0

ut + uux = 0, t > 0, x ∈ R, u(x, 0) = 1, 0 < x < 1 x ∈ R.

0, x ≥ 1

Q11. Show that, for every α ≥ 1, the function




1, 2x < (1 − α)t

−α, (1 − α)t < 2x < 0
uα (x, t) =

α, 0 < 2x < (α − 1)t

−1, (α − 1)t < 2x

is a weak solution of the problem


(
1, x < 0
ut + uux = 0, t > 0, x ∈ R, u(x, 0) = x ∈ R.
1, x > 0
Is it also an entropy solution, at least for some α?
Q12. Find the canonical form of the second order PDEs:
a) uyy − yuxx = 0 in the upper half plane (y > 0).
b) x2 uxx − 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy + xux + yuy = 0.

Q13. Find the general solution of the 2nd order PDEs:


i) uxx − 2uxy sin(x) − cos2 (x)uyy − cos(x)uy = 0.
ii) x2 uxx − 2xyuxy − 3y 2 uyy = 0.
iii) y 2 uxx − 2yuxy + uyy = ux + 6y.

Q14. Examine whether the PDE


(1 + u2y )uxx − 2ux uy uxy + (1 + u2x )uyy = 0
is everywhere elliptic or not.

Q15. Solve the Cauchy problem:


uxx + 2 cos(x)uxy − sin2 (x)uyy − sin(x)uy = 0
u(x, sin(x)) = φ(x), uy (x, sin(x)) = ψ(x),
where φ and ψ are smooth functions.

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