.

RCC Structures
BECVE502T L-3+T-1 Credits:4
Evaluation Scheme : 80/20 Exam Duration: 4 hrs

Course Outcome: The student shall be able to Limit state of collapse in flexure: analysis and design of singly reinforced
rectangular section, balanced failure mode, primary tension failure mode
1. Understand the basic concepts of structural design methods of RCC to R and primary compression failure mode.
the practical problem
2. Understand the composite action of reinforced steel and concrete V
Analysis and design of Doubly reinforced sections.
structural members R
3. Use the knowledge of the structural properties of materials i.e., steel and
KjUnit-IV (With LSM)
concrete in assessing strength
4. Use the knowledge in structural planning and design of various Limit state of collapse in flexure: Analysis and design of Tee and L beam
components of the buildings. P section. Limit state of collapse in compression: Analysis and design of
5. Apply the concepts and applications of pre-stressed concrete in real short axially loaded column. Columns subjected to uni-axial bending, use
problems.
r of interaction curves. Design of rectangular pad/slopped footing for axial
a load.
Unit-I s Unit - V
Introduction to the Working stress method of RCC design. Basic
concepts in design for flexure, assumptions, design constants, Analysis of a Limit state of collapse in Shear and bond: Design of beam for shear,
rectangular section, Balanced, under-reinforced and over reinforced d shear span, post cracking resistance, shear mechanism approach, shear
sections; Drawbacks and limitations of working stress method. failure modes and collapse loads, interaction of shear, flexure and force.
Check for bond.
Unit-H
Pre-stressed Concrete: properties of high grade/strength materials, Limit state of serviceability: Causes and control of cracking: cracks in
concepts of pre-stressed concrete. Methods of pre-stressing, losses in pre-
K plastic concrete at early age, cracks due to temperature and shrinkage,
stressing, Various systems of pre-stressing with particular reference to D restrain induced cracks, cracks due to loading, need for crack width
Freyssinet, Magnel Blaaton and Gifford Udall system. Analysis of Kj control.
Rectangular, T and I sections. Design of Pre-stressed slab / rectangular Moment curvature relationship, deflection control of beams; defection
beam. C calculation for beam.
E
Unit-III Limit state of collapse in torsion: concepts of interaction to torsion, shear
Introduction to Limit State Design: Concept of probabilistic design and and flexure analysis and design of rectangular section for torsion, shear
N
limit state design. Characteristic values, partial safety factors, stress strain and flexure.
relationship, stress block parameters. Failure criteria, types and properties a
of reinforcement, limit state of serviceability, limit state of collapse, other Unit-VI
g
limit states. Review of IS 456 - 2000. Design of one-way, simply supported, single span and cantilever slabs and
P continuous slab with IS coefficients.
u Design of RCC Two way slab with various end conditions using IS Code
coefficients. Deflection calculations for one way slab.
r

l|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K College of Engineering, Nagpur

 Unit -1: Working Stress Method Strain and stress diagrams
RCC is a non homogenous section, it is a composite section made up of R ux-. ,-acbc
- t
two different material Concrete and steel. 1
X
R
Min Grade of concrete and nominal cover for various exposure conditions NA d 4 /
Exposure conditions Min. Grade of cone. Nominal Cover, dn K
Mild M20 20
Moderate
Severe
M25
M30
30
45
P
C\C\^ ^ /
/
r T~^ ^^ ^~^
» H /
PSt / ast/m
Very Severe M35 50
Extreme M40 75
a In V ECt

s J J Strain Stress
Assumptions: In the methods based on elastic theory, the following a
assumptions shall be made: Effective cover, dc = dn +ijit + 1A <J)m
d i
a) At any cross-section, plane sections before bending remain plain after Balanced Section: A balanced section is one in which the area of tension
bending. steel is such that at the design moment, the permissible stresses in
b) All tensile stresses are taken up by reinforcement and none by concrete, concrete, acbc and steel, ast are reached simultaneously. The failure of
except as otherwise specifically permitted. K such section, termed as 'balanced failure', is expected to occur
c) The stress-strain relationship of steel and concrete, under working loads, simultaneously initiation of crushing of concrete and yielding of steel.
is a straight line. . The neutral axis at this state is called 'critical neutral axis', xc.
(d) The modular ratio m has the value of 280/3acbc. K acbc
ti " A r j 7 "7
Permissible stresses:
E T ' f /

Grade of
concrete
ocbc ibd
N/mm 2 N/mm 2
Type of steel CTSt
N/mm 2 N .....1 ........... .:.......
~u - - * - .
7
M20 7 0.8 Mild/plain/Fe250 140 a D
M25 8.5 0.9 >20rnm 130 /i\
M30 10 1.0 Medium tensile st. 190 g
M35 11.5 1.1 HYSD/CTD/TORFe415 230 P
M40 13 1.2 HYSD Fe 500 275 u t i
acbc —> permissible stress in concrete in bending compression, ir d c | ast/m
r
tbd—> permissible stress in bond (average) for plain bars in tension,
ast -> permissible stress in steel in tension
MR = C xjd or T x jd

2|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

 ,»•V

Under Reinforced Section: An under reinforced section is one which the Over Reinforced Section: An over reinforced section is one which the
area of tension steel is such that at the design moment, the permissible stress area of tension steel is such that at the design moment, the permissible
in steel, ast is reached before the permissible stress in concrete, acbc. V stress in concrete, acbc is reached before the permissible stress in steel,
The failure of such section, termed as 'under reinforced failure', is R ast.
expected to occur by initiation of yielding of steel. The failure of such section, termed as 'over reinforced failure', is expected
The neutral axis at this state is called 'actual neutral axis', x and x < xc. to occur by initiation of crushing of Concrete.
1 The neutral axis at this state is called 'actual neutral axis', x and x > xc.
I acbc

, ,t 1 1
h/ * j P
r
a
acbci

_ x
_ _ _ uc
.. .
i///
4'//'/
-£.- - -
XC
i
1
s ft Y
1 // xc•"
/ /t
' ft AV-

1 x I/I \ d v
d
1

— -a-- -"
t
-1-
*/
///
7T/~
v1
- _ -T_ -
a
D y_ ___/_t
/ /

// i il / /I --' - ..
v
// ;
_O— 0— O- — /— J— -j.
K • "• .
• _.-! ^0-0--0-G>
/ i
/.-J..1
T d$
t X < XC
ast/m 1
K
C
E
• ,, dc
A"
T
' X > XC
Ifst/m
' ast/m
'• -•
' • • >;-;.'

To find depth of neutral axis or depth of actual neutral axis To find depth of neutral axis or depth of actual neutral axis
(bx)(x/2) = m (Ast)(d-x) (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) ( d- x)
MR = T x j d = (Ast x o s t ) x ( d - x/3) •V
a MR = C x j d = ( b x x x a c b c / 2 ) x ( d - x/3)

Tensile force, T = Ast x ast g

Lever arm, jd = d - x/3 P Compressive force, C = b x x x acbc/2
u Lever arm, jd = d - x/3
r ,? S

3|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering,- Nagpur

 Under Reinforced / Over reinforced Sections Design constants for Balanced Section in WSM
Depth of Actual Neutral axis, x R
Neutral axis in a given section is called Actual NA. V Depth of Critical Neutral Axis (CNA), xc
Taking moments of Effective areas about NA R xc / d = 280 / (280+3ast) [Coefficient for NA]
[b x x] x (x/2) - [m x Ast] x ( d- x) Lever arm ( LA), jd = d - xc/3 = d (l-xc/3d)
KJ j = (l-xc/3d)) [Coefficient for LA]
Balanced Section: MR = Qbd2 = (b xc)(acbc/2) (d-xc/3);
Depth of Critical Neutral axis, xc P Q = 0.5acbc(xc/d)(l-xc/3d) [Coefficient for MR]
Neutral axis corresponding to the balanced section is known as critical r Percentage of steel for balanced section, p:
NA. The permissible stresses in concrete, acbc and steel, ast are reached We know that at balance failure, (b xc)(acbc/2) = Ast ast
simultaneously. From the stress diagram of balanced section: a
p = 1 OOAst/bd = 100 ( acbc/2 ast) (xc/d) [Coefficient for % steel ]
s
xc d-x d
a Mild/plain Mild HYSD/CT HYSD 500
acbc ast/m acbc+ast/m
Fe250 Tensile DTOR Fe Fe500
d steel 415
acbc mxacbc 280
d trcbc+ast/m mxacbc+ast 280+3 ast ast 140 190 230 275
NA, xc/d 0.4 0.33 0.289 0.25
Lever arm, jd = d - (l/3)(xc/d) LA,jd=l-xc/d 0.867 0.89 0.904 0.92
Moment of resistance; Kl
MR = C x jd = [ b x xc x acbc/2][d - xc/3] = Qbd2 M20 modular ratio, m = 280/3acbc = 280/(3*7) = 13.333
D
MRCoeff,Q 1.213 1.026 0.913 0,812
K % Steel, p 1.0% 0.606% 0.439% 0.323%
Draw backs and Limitations of WSM: M25 modular ratio, m = 280/3acbc = 280/(3*8.5) = 10.98
E MR Coeff, Q 1.473 1.246 1.109 0.986
1. The assumption of linearly elastic behavior of stresses is found to be % Steel, p 1.214% 0.393%
0.737% 0.533%
non realistic.
2. The stresses under working loads are kept within the permissible
N M30 modular ratio, m = 280/3acbc = 280/(3*10) = 9.333
stresses are illogical. As the long term effects of creep, shrinkage the a MR Coeff, Q 1.733 1.466 1.304 1.16
effects of stress concentration and other secondary effects results in local % Steel, p 1.429 0.867 0.628 0.461
increase and redistribution of stresses. g
3.This will not provide the realistic measure of actual factor of safety. P Depth of Actual Neutral Axis, x
4.It fails to discriminate between different type of loads that acts u (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) ( d- x)
simultaneously, but have different degree of uncertainty.
5. This can be very unconservative, when two different loads have
r
M R = C xjd = (b x x ) (acbc/2) (d-x/3) [ if, Over Reinforced]
counteracting effects, (ex: Dead load and wind load). Or
6. The design results in relatively larger sections = T x j d = Ast x ast ( d - x/3) [if. Under Reinforced]

4|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

having b = 350 mm, D = 650 mm, dc =50 mm, Ast is 4-I6T.
ctangular beam
Question 1. Determine the moment of resistance of the rectangular
-16T. Grade
Grade of
R Question 3. Find the maximum stresses in concrete and steel of a
rectangular beam having b = 350 mm, D = 650 mm, dc ~i50 mm. Ast is 4-
concrete is M20 and type of steel Fe 415. V 16T. Grade of concrete is M20 and type of steel Fe 415. If it is used as a
350 R simply supported beam over an effective span of 6m an d subjected to a
Solution:. total udl of 16 kN/m over its entire span.
1. Given; acbc = 7 N/mm2 and ast = 230 N/mm2, t K Solution: .
350
Effective depth = 650 - 50 = 600 mm. 600 1 . Given; Effective depth = 650 - 50 = 600 mm. t
m = 280/(3x7) = 13.333, Ast = 4x201 = 804 mm 2 .
2. Actual NA, x :- (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) (d- x)
175 x2 = 13.333 x 804 x(600-x)
, i
-C~-
^ 50
P
r
m = 280/(3x7) = 13.333, Ast = 4x201 = 804 mm2.
2. Maximum BM = w!2/8 = 16 x 62/8 = 72 kNm
3. Actual NA, x :- (bx)(x/2) = m (Ast)(d-x)
6*0

x2+61.256 x-36,753.367 =0; x = 163.515 mm

a 50
175 x 2 - 13 333 x 804 x(600 x)- x ~ 163 515 mm
3. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3 ast) s 4. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (28 ) + 3 ast)
xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3x 230) = 0.289 ; xc = 173.4 mm a xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3x 230) = 0.289 ; xc = 173.4 mm
4. Moment of resistance, MR 5. The stresses: As x<xc, Under reinforced section.
x < xc, Under reinforced section, Steel/Tension failure
ailure
d .,
MR = T x jd = Ast x ast ( d - x/3)
MR = T x jd = Ast x ast ( d - x/3) 7 2 x l 0 6 = 804 x a s t x (600- 163.515/3); ast= Ifr U7N/mm2.
= 804 x 230 x (600 - 163.515/3)= 100.872 x lO'Nmm 0 6 Nmm x ffcbc acbc 163.515
= 4.61 N/mm 2 .
= 100.872 kNm Im d-x trst/m " 164 17/13..333 600-163515
ctangular beam
Question 2. Determine the moment of resistance of the rectangular K
Question 4. Find the maximum stresses in concrete and steel of a
having b = 350 mm, D = 650 mm, dc =50 mm, Ast is 4-20T. -20T. Grade of D rectangular beam having b = 350 mm, D = 650 mm, dc = 50 mm, Ast is 4-
concrete is M20 and type of steel Fe 415.
K 20T. Grade of concrete is M20 and type of steel Fe 415. If it is used as a
350 C cantilever beam over an effective span of 4m and subjec ed to a total udl
Solution:.
1. Given; acbc = 7 N/mm2 and ast = 230 N/mm2,
Effective depth = 650 - 50 = 600 mm.
t
600
of 12 kN/m over its entire span.
E Solution: .
1 . Given; Effective depth = 650 - 50 = 600 mm.
350

t
m = 280/(3x7)= 13.333, Ast = 4x314 =1256 mm2.
2. Actual NA, x :- (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) ( d- x)
175 x 2 = 13.333 x 1256 x(600-x) G> 50 i N m - 280/(3x7) = 13.333, Ast = 4x314 = 1256 mm2.
a 2. Maximum BM = 12 x 42 / 2 = 96 kNm
600

i
X2+95.693 x-57,415.707 =0; x = 196.5 mm 3. Actual NA, x :- (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) ( d- x)
g 175x 2 = 13.333 x 1256 x(600-x); x = 196.5mm o- 50
3. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3 ast)
xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3x 230) = 0.289 ; xc = 173.4 mm P 4. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (28 3 + 3 ast)
4. Moment of resistance, MR u xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3x 230) = 0.289 ; xc = 173.4 mm
x > xc, Over reinforced section, Concrete/comp failure r 4. The stresses: As x > xc, Over reinforced section.
MR = C x jd = b x x x (acbc/2) ( d - x/3) MR = C x jd = b x x x (acbc/2) ( d - x/3)
= 350x 196.5 x 7 / 2 x ( 6 0 0 - 196.5/3)= 128.661 x 10
10'Nmm
6 Nmm
% y Ifl 6 — ISO vlQfi S v rrrhr/7 v Cftflfl \Q£, 5/3)
1 kNm * Stress in Concrete, acbc = 5.223 N/mm2.
d-x ast/m ast 600- 196.5
x acbc 5. 223x13. .333 196.5
13.0 N/mm 2 .

5|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K College of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 5. Find the maximum total udl it can carry, by a rectangular Question 7: Derive design constants (kj and R) for neutral axis, lever arm
beam having b = 350 mm, D = 650 mm, dc =50 mm. Ast is 4-16T. Grade R and moment of resistance constants for singly reinforced balanced section.
of concrete is M20 and type of steel Fe 415. If it is used as a simply V Also calculate the values of k, j & R for M20 and Fe 415 using WSM.
supported beam over an effective span of 6m. Solution:
350 R
Solution:. t From the stress diagram of balanced section:
d-xc acbc
1. Given; Effective depth = 650 - 50 = 600 mm. 600 K acbc ost/m ocbc+ast/m
m = 280/(3x7) = 13.333, Ast = 4x201 = 804 mm 2 . • xc acbc mxocbc 280
2. Actual NA, x :- (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) (d- x) 1 P d ffcbc+ast/m mxacbc+ast 280+3 ast
50

-o- i
175 x2 = 13.333 x 804 x(600-x); x= 163.515 mm _ Lever arm, jd = d -xc/3
r d-xc
3. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3 ast) MR = Qbd2 = (b xc)(acbc/2) (d-xc/3);
xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3x 230) = 0.289 ; xc = 173.4 mm a Q = 0.5acbc(xc/d)(j) ,t7$t/m "dc
4. Moment of resistance, MR; x<xc, Under reinforced section, s ForM20&Fe415 "f
MR = T x jd = Ast x ast ( d - x/3) Constant for NA, xc/d = kd =——— = 0.289
a 280+3x230
= 804 x 230 x (600 - 163.515/3) = 100.872 x 106Nmm = 100.872 kNm Lever arm, jd = d- xc/3 d = D-dc; dc = dn + <(>t + <j>m/2
5. Load carrying capacity: MR = BM -> 100.872 = wi2/8 d Lever arm constant, j = 1-0.289/3 = 0.904
100.872 = wx62/8 w= 22.4 kN/m (incl. of self wt) Constant for MR, Q or R = 0.5acbc(xc/d)(j) = 0.5x7x0.289x0.904 =0.91
Constant for % of steel, (b xc)(acbc/2) = Ast ast
Question 6. Find the maximum total udl it can carry, by a rectangular p = lOOAst/bd =100 ( acbc/2 ast) (xc/d)=(50x7/230)*289 = 0.44%
beam having b = 350 mm, D — 650 mm, dc =50 mm, Ast is 4- 20T. Grade KJ
of concrete is M20 and type of steel Fe 415. If it is used as a cantilever D Question 8: ARCC beam 230 x 460 mm (effective depth) is reinforced with
beam over an effective span of 4m. 350 4 x 1 6 mm<t) dia. bars. Calculate the Moment of Resistance and safe load
Solution: . t M using WSM. It is used as beam over a simply supported effective span of
1. Given; Effective depth = 650 - 50 = 600 mm. 600 C 4.5m. Effective cover is 40 mm and M20 and Fe 415 are used.
m = 2807(3x7)= 13.333, Ast = 4x314 =1256 mm2.
2. Actual NA, x :- (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) ( d- x)
175 x 2 = 13.333 x 1256 x(600-x); x= 196.5 mm
"" i50
E Solution:
1. Given : acbc = 7 N/mm 2 , ast = 230 N/mm 2 , Ast = 4 x201 - 804 mm2.
2. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3 ast)
3. Critical NA, if it is a balanced section, xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3 ast)
N
xc /d - 0. 289 ; xc = 0.289 x 460 = 132.94 mm
xc /d = 280 / (280 + 3x 230) - 0.289 ; xc = 173.4 mm a 3. Actual NA, x :- (b x)(x/2) = m (Ast) ( d- x)
4. Moment of resistance, MR
g 115 x2 = 13.333 x 804 x(460 -x); x = 165.67 mm
x > xc, Over reinforced section, Concrete/comp failure x < xc -> UR
MR = C x jd = b * x x (ocbc/2) ( d - x/3) P
4. Moment of resistance, MR; MR = T x jd = Ast x ost ( d - x/3)
= 350x196.5x7/2 x (600- 196.5/3)= 128.661xl0 6 Nmm = 128.661 kNm u = 804 x 230 x (460 - 132.94/3) = 76.869 x 106 Nmm = 76.869 kNm
5. Load carrying capacity: MR = BM -» 128.661 = w!2/2 5. Load carrying capacity: MR = BM -> 76.869 = w!2/8
128.661 =\sx4 2 /2 -» w= 16.08 kN/m (incl. of self wt) 76.869 = wx4.52/8 -> w= 30.368 kN/m (incl. of self wt)
6. Self weight = (1 x0.23x0.5)25 = 2.875 kN/m
7. Superimposed load it can carry safely = 30.368-2.875 =27.49 kN/m

6|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K College of Engineering, Nagpur

 Winter 14 Calculate the stresses developed using WSM.. Also find the compressive
R stress in concrete 50 mm from the top of beam. Effective cover is 40mm and
Q(la)[6M]: V M20 and Fe 415 are used.
Q(lb)[7M]: OR
OR R Q (2a) [ 8M ] :A rectangular beam of width 350 mm is subjected to a
Q (2a) [ 6M ] : K superimposed udl of 15 kN/m over an SS effective span of 8m. Determine the
Q(2b)[7M]: depth required and area of tensile reinforcement. Use M20 and Fe 250. Draw
P reinforcement detail.
Summer 15 Q (2b) [ 6M ]: Explain under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced
Q (la) [ 7M ]: Discuss the merits and demerits of WSM r section in WSM. And derive the equation of MR.
Q (1 b) [ 6M ]: Derive design constants for neutral axis, lever arm and a Winter 16
moment of resistance and percentage of steel in WSM. Q (la) [6M ] : Explain under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced
OR s section in WSM. And derive the equation of MR.
Q (2a) [ 6M ]: Explain under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced section a Q (Ib) [ 7M ]: Calculate moment of resistance of Singly reinforced beam by
in WSM. WSM. The width and effective depth are 450 and 715 mm. It is reinforced
Q (2b) [ 7M ]: A singly reinforced concrete beam is of width 400 mm and d with 8-20 mm<J> bars. M20 and Mild steel are used.
effective depth is 615 mm.It is reinforced with 8 x 20 mm^ dia. mild steel OR
bars. Assuming M25 concrete, determine the moment of resistance according Q (2a) [ 7M ]: Design a beam subjected to a BM of 60 kNm by WSM. Adopt
to WSM. the width of beam is approximately equal to half the effective depth. Use M20

Winter 15
id and Fe 250.
Q (2b) [ 6M ]: Derive design constants (k, j, and R) for neutral axis, lever
Q (la) [3M]: State the drawbacks and limitations of WSM. D arm and moment of resistance constants for singly reinforced beam. Also
Q (Ib) (10M]: A RCC beam 230 x 500 mm (effective depth) is reinforced Kl calculate the values of k, j &R for M25 grade of concrete and Fe415 type of
with 4 x 16 mm<J> dia. bars. Calculate the Moment of Resistance and safe load steel in WSM.
using WSM. It is used as beam over a simply supported effective span of
C
3.5m. Effective cover is 45mm and M20 and Fe 415 are used. E Summer 17
OR Q (la) [ 6M J : Explain under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced section
Q (2a) [3 M]: Differentiate between Working Stress method and LSM. N with the help of stress diagram in WSM.
0 (2b) [ 10M]: Explain in detail using stress diagram, balanced section, under Q (Ib) [ 7M ] : Explain the advantages and limitations of WSM over LSM
reinforced section and over reinforced section. Also give the draw backs of a OR
Over reinforced sections. g Q (2) [ 13M ]: A RCC beam of rectangular section 230 x 400mm is
Summer 16 reinforced with 4 x 1 2 mm<J) dia. bars provided with an effective cover of
Q (la) [ 6M ]: Derive design constants (k,j and R) for neutral axis, lever arm P 35mm. Calculate the Moment of Resistance of the section and maximum
and moment of resistance constants for singly reinforced beam. Also u uniformly distributed super imposed load (excluding self weight), the beam
calculate the values of k, j & R for M25 grade of concrete and Fe 415 type of can carry if it is simply supported over a span of 3.5m. Use M20and Fe 415
r
steel in WSM. (Use WSM).
0 (Ib) [ 8M ] : A RCC beam 300 x 640 mm (Overall depth) is reinforced with
4 x 20 mm<t> dia. bars. The beam hads to carry a superimposed load of 50
kN/m including self wt over an simply supported effective span of 4m.

7|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

"