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EDUQUITY BASED READING COMPREHENSION

📘 Comprehension Set 1: Passage

Passage:

Amara had never believed in coincidences. She always thought that everything
happened for a reason. One rainy evening, as she was walking back from work,
she found a torn journal page lying on the wet pavement. Curious, she picked it
up and read: “If you ever feel lost, follow the scent of jasmine. I’ll be waiting.”

Strangely, Amara felt an odd sense of familiarity. It was as if the words were
written for her. She glanced around but saw no one. Over the next few days, she
kept encountering the scent of jasmine in the most unexpected places—at the
station, in the elevator, even in her office. It puzzled her deeply.

Eventually, she followed the scent one evening and ended up near an old
bookstore. The shopkeeper smiled and handed her a book without a word.
Inside, there was a photograph of her as a child—one she didn’t remember ever
taking.

Who had left the note? Why was the book there? She didn’t know. But
something inside her whispered that this was just the beginning of a story she
was meant to finish.

Q1. “It was as if the words were written for her.” — What type of clause is this?

a) Adjective clause
b) Noun clause
c) Adverbial clause ✅
d) Conditional clause

✔ Answer: (c) Adverbial clause

Explanation (English): "As if" introduces a condition-like comparison,
modifying the verb "was". It's an adverbial clause of manner.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “As if” एक तरह की तुलना को दर्ाा ता है जो "was" क्रिया को
modify करता है । यह एक adverbial clause of manner है ।

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Q2. “She picked it up and read...” — Which voice is used in this sentence?

a) Active ✅
b) Passive
c) Mixed
d) Imperative

✔ Answer: (a) Active

Explanation (English): The subject "she" is performing the action — so it's
active voice.
व्याख्या (Hindi): वाक्य में कताा "she" स्वयं क्रिया कर रही है , इसक्रलए यह active voice
है ।

Q3. Convert “I’ll be waiting” into indirect speech:

a) He said he will be waiting.

b) He said he would be waiting. ✅
c) He told he will wait.
d) He said he is waiting.

✔ Answer: (b) He said he would be waiting.

Explanation (English): "I'll" (I will) changes to "would" in indirect speech after
a past reporting verb.
व्याख्या (Hindi): प्रत्यक्ष कथन में "I'll" होता है जो अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में "would" में
बदलता है क्योंक्रक reporting verb (said) भूतकाल में है ।

Q4. “Eventually, she followed the scent... and ended up near a bookstore.” —
What kind of sentence is this?

a) Simple
b) Compound ✅
c) Complex
d) Compound-complex

✔ Answer: (b) Compound

Explanation (English): Two independent clauses are joined by "and" — making
it a compound sentence.

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व्याख्या (Hindi): इसमें दो स्वतं त्र वाक्यां र् “she followed the scent” और “she ended
up...” को and द्वारा जोडा गया है , इसक्रलए यह compound sentence है ।

Q5. What is the meaning of “whispered” in the sentence: “something inside her
whispered…”?

a) Spoken loudly
b) Cried out
c) Suggested softly ✅
d) Denied completely

✔ Answer: (c) Suggested softly

Explanation (English): "Whispered" here refers to an inner feeling suggesting
something softly, not actual speech.
व्याख्या (Hindi): "Whispered" का अथा यहााँ है भीतर से धीरे से सुझाव दे ना, यह कोई
ऊाँची आवाज़ नहीं है बल्कि अंतमान की आवाज़ है ।

📘 Comprehension Set 2: Passage

Karan had always been fascinated by trains. As a child, he would press his face
against the windowpane, mesmerized by the changing landscapes. Now, as an
adult, he rarely found time for such moments. One weekend, he decided to take
a solo trip to a remote hill station. He boarded the train just before dawn, hoping
to rediscover the peace he once felt.

As the train moved through the countryside, he realized how much he had
missed the silence of open spaces. The morning mist floated above the fields
like a soft blanket, and farmers waved as the train passed by. For the first time
in months, Karan felt at ease.

A fellow passenger, noticing his thoughtful gaze, asked, “Do you travel often?”
Karan smiled and replied, “Not as often as I should.”

Though the journey was short, it reminded him that sometimes, a little distance
is all it takes to reconnect with oneself.

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Q1. “He realized how much he had missed the silence of open spaces.” — What
type of clause is used here?

a) Noun clause ✅
b) Adjective clause
c) Adverbial clause
d) Conditional clause

✔ Answer: (a) Noun clause

Explanation (English): The clause “how much he had missed...” acts as the
object of the verb "realized" — so it’s a noun clause.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “How much he had missed...” वाक्यां र् "realized" क्रिया का कमा
है , इसक्रलए यह एक noun clause है ।

Q2. “He boarded the train just before dawn.” — Which voice is this?

a) Active voice ✅
b) Passive voice
c) Interrogative
d) Imperative

✔ Answer: (a) Active voice

Explanation (English): The subject "he" performs the action — it’s clearly
active voice.
व्याख्या (Hindi): यहााँ "he" स्वयं क्रिया कर रहा है (train board करना), इसक्रलए यह
active voice है ।

Q3. Convert the sentence: “Do you travel often?” to indirect speech.

a) He asked do you travel often.

b) He asked whether I travel often.
c) He asked whether I travelled often. ✅
d) He asked that I travel often.

✔ Answer: (c) He asked whether I travelled often.

Explanation (English): In indirect speech, present simple "do you travel"
changes to past simple "I travelled" after a past reporting verb.
व्याख्या (Hindi): Direct से indirect में बदलने पर “do you travel” → “I travelled”
बनता है क्योंक्रक reporting verb (asked) भूतकाल में है ।
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Q4. “Though the journey was short, it reminded him…” — What kind of
sentence is this?

a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex ✅
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (c) Complex

Explanation (English): It contains one dependent clause ("Though the journey
was short") and one independent clause.
व्याख्या (Hindi): "Though..." वाला क्रहस्सा dependent clause है , इसक्रलए पूरा वाक्य
complex sentence कहलाता है ।

Q5. Choose the most appropriate meaning of the word “mesmerized” as used in
the passage.

a) Scared
b) Shocked
c) Fascinated or spellbound ✅
d) Tired

✔ Answer: (c) Fascinated or spellbound

Explanation (English): "Mesmerized" means deeply attracted or held in awe —
often in a dreamy state.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “Mesmerized” का अथा है मंत्रमुग्ध होना, यानी क्रकसी चीज़ में पूरी
तरह खो जाना।

📘 Comprehension Set 3: Passage

It had been years since Meera visited her grandparents’ house in the village. The
dusty lanes, the mango trees, and the laughter of children playing in the fields—
all came rushing back as soon as she stepped out of the car. The house looked
smaller than she remembered, but it still held the warmth of old memories.

Her grandmother welcomed her with open arms, her face lighting up with joy.
Over the next few days, Meera found herself slipping into the rhythm of rural

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life—waking up to the sound of birds, helping in the kitchen, and listening to

stories from her grandfather every evening.

One morning, as she walked to the pond, she found an old diary under a tree. Its
pages were yellowed, and the ink had faded, but the words still held emotion. It
belonged to her mother, written when she was Meera’s age.

Reading those pages, Meera felt connected not just to her roots, but also to the
young girl her mother once was.

Q1. “Its pages were yellowed, and the ink had faded...” — Which voice is used
here?

a) Active
b) Passive ✅
c) Imperative
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (b) Passive

Explanation (English): "Were yellowed" and "had faded" are in passive voice
— the subject is not doing the action.
व्याख्या (Hindi): यहााँ pages और ink पर क्रिया हो रही है , वे स्वयं कुछ नहीं कर रहे ,
इसक्रलए यह passive voice है ।

Q2. “Reading those pages, Meera felt connected…” — What type of sentence is
this?

a) Simple ✅
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex

✔ Answer: (a) Simple

Explanation (English): Despite having a participle phrase ("Reading those
pages"), the sentence has only one main clause, so it's a simple sentence.
व्याख्या (Hindi): यह वाक्य केवल एक मुख्य clause रखता है , इसक्रलए यह एक simple
sentence है ।

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Q3. “She found an old diary under a tree.” — Convert into passive voice.

a) An old diary had been found by her under a tree.

b) An old diary is found by her under a tree.
c) An old diary was found by her under a tree. ✅
d) An old diary will be found by her under a tree.

✔ Answer: (c) An old diary was found by her under a tree.

Explanation (English): In passive voice, object becomes subject, and verb
changes from "found" to "was found".
व्याख्या (Hindi): Passive voice में object (old diary) को subject बना क्रदया जाता है
और verb को “was found” में बदला जाता है ।

Q4. “Her grandmother welcomed her with open arms.” — Change to indirect
speech.

a) Her grandmother said she welcomed her.

b) Her grandmother told her that she will welcome her.
c) Her grandmother told her that she welcomed her.
d) Her grandmother welcomed her with open arms. ✅

✔ Answer: (d) (Already in reported speech — no change needed)

Explanation (English): The sentence is already reported; there's no quoted
speech to convert.
व्याख्या (Hindi): यह वाक्य पहले से ही indirect है , इसमें कोई “say/said” या quoted
part नहीं है क्रजसे बदला जाए।

Q5. What is the best meaning of the word “faded” as used in the line: “the ink
had faded”?

a) Disappeared completely
b) Turned darker
c) Lost brightness or clarity ✅
d) Exploded

✔ Answer: (c) Lost brightness or clarity

Explanation (English): “Faded” means something has become dull or unclear
over time — perfect for ink.

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व्याख्या (Hindi): “Faded” का मतलब है धीरे -धीरे रं ग या स्पष्टता खो दे ना, जो क्रक पुराने
इं क पर लागू होता है ।

📘 Comprehension Set 4: Passage

Raghav was known for his punctuality. Every morning, he would leave his
house at exactly 7:30 AM, walk to the bus stop, and catch the 7:45 bus to his
office. It had become such a routine that even the tea vendor at the corner
nodded to him at the same time each day. But one morning, things went
differently.

Just as Raghav stepped out, he saw a little boy crying near the gate. The child
appeared lost. Raghav hesitated for a moment, knowing he might miss the bus,
but chose to help. He asked the child gently what had happened, and the boy
pointed toward the market street. Raghav held his hand and walked with him
until they found his mother, who had been frantically searching.

That day, Raghav missed his bus for the first time in five years. But as he
watched the mother hug her son tightly, he realized that some delays carry a
greater purpose than perfect timing ever could.

Q1. “He asked the child gently what had happened.” — What type of clause is
“what had happened”?

a) Adjective clause
b) Noun clause ✅
c) Adverbial clause
d) Conditional clause

✔ Answer: (b) Noun clause

Explanation (English): “What had happened” acts as the object of the verb
"asked", so it’s a noun clause.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “What had happened” क्रिया "asked" का object है , इसक्रलए यह
एक noun clause है ।

Q2. “Raghav was known for his punctuality.” — Which voice is used?

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a) Active
b) Passive ✅
c) Mixed
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (b) Passive

Explanation (English): "Was known" is a passive construction — the action is
received by the subject.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “Was known” passive voice का रूप है , क्योंक्रक subject (Raghav)
को पहचान क्रमली, उसने कुछ क्रकया नहीं।

Q3. Convert the sentence: “I might miss the bus,” he thought — into indirect
speech.

a) He thought he may miss the bus.

b) He thought he might miss the bus. ✅
c) He thought I might miss the bus.
d) He said he will miss the bus.

✔ Answer: (b) He thought he might miss the bus.

Explanation (English): "Might" remains unchanged in indirect speech; pronouns
adjust accordingly.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “Might” को indirect में बदलते समय वैसे ही रखा जाता है और “I”
को “he” में बदला जाता है ।

Q4. “He realized that some delays carry a greater purpose...” — What kind of
sentence is this?

a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex ✅
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (c) Complex

Explanation (English): “That some delays carry...” is a dependent clause,
making the sentence complex.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “That...” वाला क्रहस्सा एक dependent clause है , इसक्रलए यह
complex sentence है ।

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Q5. Choose the most suitable meaning of “frantically” as used in the passage.

a) Calmly
b) In a very excited and hurried manner ✅
c) Proudly
d) Slowly

✔ Answer: (b) In a very excited and hurried manner

Explanation (English): “Frantically” means doing something with panic or
desperation.
व्याख्या (Hindi): “Frantically” का मतलब है घबराकर या बहुत तेजी से कोई काम
करना।

📘 Comprehension Set 5

Passage:

Nina had always found comfort in sketching. Even during exams or stressful
moments, she would pull out her small notebook and draw shapes, faces, or
patterns. Her friends thought it was just a hobby, but for her, it was therapy.
One evening, while waiting for a train, she noticed a young child sitting alone
on the platform.

The boy seemed scared and cold. Nina approached him cautiously and asked if
he was lost. He nodded. She sat beside him, offered him her water bottle, and
drew a quick cartoon on a tissue to make him smile. The child giggled,
forgetting his fear for a moment.

Eventually, the railway police arrived and located the boy's parents. They
thanked Nina sincerely. That night, as the train rolled through dark fields, Nina
looked at the stars and realized that even the smallest act of kindness can light
up someone’s world.

Questions & Bilingual Answers:

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Q1. “The child giggled, forgetting his fear for a moment.” — What kind of
sentence is this?
a) Simple ✅
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (a) Simple

Explanation: “Forgetting his fear” is a participial phrase; the sentence has only
one main clause.
व्याख्या: "Forgetting..." एक participle phrase है , पूरा वाक्य एक main clause से
क्रमलकर बना है ।

Q2. “Nina asked if he was lost.” — What type of clause is “if he was lost”?
a) Noun clause ✅
b) Adverbial clause
c) Relative clause
d) Prepositional clause

✔ Answer: (a) Noun clause

Explanation: It acts as the object of “asked”, hence a noun clause.
व्याख्या: यह “asked” क्रिया का object है , इसक्रलए noun clause है ।

Q3. “They thanked Nina sincerely.” — Convert into passive voice.

a) Nina sincerely was thanked by them.
b) Nina was thanked sincerely by them. ✅
c) Sincerely Nina was thanked.
d) Nina was being thanked sincerely.

✔ Answer: (b) Nina was thanked sincerely by them.

Explanation: Passive voice = object becomes subject + verb changes to passive.
व्याख्या: Passive में object (Nina) को subject बनाते हैं और verb को passive form में
बदलते हैं ।

Q4. Meaning of “comfort” in the line “Nina had always found comfort in
sketching”?
a) Pain
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b) Relaxation ✅
c) Confusion
d) Energy

✔ Answer: (b) Relaxation

Explanation: “Comfort” = a sense of emotional or physical ease.
व्याख्या: Comfort का मतलब है मानक्रसक या र्ारीररक र्ां क्रत।

Q5. “She drew a quick cartoon on a tissue to make him smile.” — Which voice?
a) Active ✅
b) Passive
c) Mixed
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (a) Active

Explanation: Subject “she” is performing the action = active voice.
व्याख्या: "She" स्वयं क्रिया कर रही है , इसक्रलए वाक्य active voice में है ।

📘 Comprehension Set 6

Passage:

During the festival of lights, the streets were filled with laughter, music, and the
aroma of sweets. Children ran through lanes, holding sparklers, while elders sat
around, sharing stories from the past. Priya stood on her rooftop, watching the
city glow with joy. The sky was painted with fireworks, and every face below
reflected celebration.

But in one corner of the city, in a dark alley, a little girl watched the lights from
behind a broken wall. Her family couldn't afford celebrations. Still, her eyes
sparkled with hope.

Moved by the sight, Priya climbed down and walked to the alley with a packet
of sweets. She handed it to the girl, who looked up in disbelief, then hugged her
tightly. Priya didn’t say a word, but the silence between them said everything.

Questions & Bilingual Answers:

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Q1. “The sky was painted with fireworks…” — Voice used?

a) Active
b) Passive ✅
c) Imperative
d) Exclamatory

✔ Answer: (b) Passive

Explanation: “Was painted” is passive – subject (sky) receives the action.
व्याख्या: “Sky” पर क्रिया हो रही है , इसक्रलए यह passive voice है ।

Q2. “Who looked up in disbelief” — is what kind of clause?

a) Adjective clause ✅
b) Noun clause
c) Adverbial clause
d) Conditional clause

✔ Answer: (a) Adjective clause

Explanation: It modifies “the girl” – hence adjective clause.
व्याख्या: यह “the girl” noun को describe करता है , इसक्रलए adjective clause है ।

Q3. Convert: “She said, ‘I brought you sweets.’” → Indirect speech

a) She said that she brought her sweets.
b) She said that she had brought her sweets. ✅
c) She told she brought sweets.
d) She said she brings sweets.

✔ Answer: (b)
Explanation: Past simple → Past perfect in indirect speech.
व्याख्या: “Brought” को indirect में “had brought” में बदला जाता है ।

Q4. Sentence Type: “Priya didn’t say a word, but the silence said everything.”
a) Simple
b) Compound ✅
c) Complex
d) Interrogative

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✔ Answer: (b)
Explanation: Two independent clauses joined by “but” = compound sentence.
व्याख्या: “But” दो स्वतंत्र clauses को जोडता है , इसक्रलए compound sentence है ।

Q5. Meaning of “disbelief”?

a) Confusion
b) Joy
c) Shock or doubt ✅
d) Confidence

✔ Answer: (c)
Explanation: “Disbelief” = unable to believe something.
व्याख्या: “Disbelief” का मतलब है क्रवश्वास न होना या संदेह।

📘 Comprehension Set 7

Passage:

At the edge of the forest stood a weather-beaten watchtower. No one had used it
in years. Locals believed it was haunted, and children were warned not to go
near it. But Aarav, always curious, couldn’t resist. One day, he took his camera
and ventured inside. The air was thick and musty, but sunlight streamed through
the cracks.

On the top floor, he found an old trunk filled with letters and photographs from
the 1960s. They told stories of a soldier who once lived there. As Aarav flipped
through the letters, he felt as though the past had come alive.

He decided to submit the story to a local newspaper. It was published with the
title, “Echoes from the Tower.” The town buzzed with excitement. For once, the
watchtower wasn’t a place of fear, but of forgotten memories rediscovered.

Questions & Bilingual Answers:

Q1. “As Aarav flipped through the letters…” — What kind of clause?
a) Noun clause
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b) Adverbial clause ✅
c) Adjective clause
d) Infinitive clause

✔ Answer: (b)
Explanation: "As" = when – showing time → adverbial clause.
व्याख्या: “As” समय दर्ाा रहा है , इसक्रलए यह adverbial clause है ।

Q2. “He found an old trunk.” — Change to passive voice.

a) An old trunk was found by him. ✅
b) He had found an old trunk.
c) An old trunk had been finding.
d) An old trunk is being found.

✔ Answer: (a)
Explanation: Active → Passive: Object becomes subject.
व्याख्या: Object (trunk) को subject बना क्रदया गया है ।

Q3. “He felt as though the past had come alive.” — Sentence type?
a) Simple
b) Complex ✅
c) Compound
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (b)
Explanation: “As though...” is a dependent clause = complex sentence.
व्याख्या: "As though" वाला भाग dependent clause है ।

Q4. Meaning of “weather-beaten”?

a) Shiny
b) New
c) Damaged by weather ✅
d) Recently painted

✔ Answer: (c)
Explanation: Weather-beaten = worn by rain, sun, or time.
व्याख्या: इसका मतलब है मौसम के प्रभाव से खराब हुआ।

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Q5. “It was published with the title...” — What voice?

a) Active
b) Passive ✅
c) Imperative
d) Interrogative

✔ Answer: (b)
Explanation: “Was published” → passive voice
व्याख्या: “Was published” passive का रूप है ।

📘 Comprehension Set 8

Passage:

When electricity went out during the storm, Ravi lit a candle and sat by the
window. Rain lashed against the glass, and thunder echoed in the distance. Most
people found the storm frightening, but Ravi found it calming. It reminded him
of childhood evenings when his family would play board games during power
cuts.

He remembered how his grandmother told stories while oil lamps flickered in
the dark. That warmth still lived in his memory.

Just then, his younger sister came in, frightened by the thunder. He smiled,
offered her half of his blanket, and said, “Let’s play a game like we used to.”
The storm outside grew louder, but inside, everything felt peaceful.

Questions & Bilingual Answers:

Q1. “How his grandmother told stories…” — Clause type?

a) Noun clause ✅
b) Adverbial clause
c) Relative clause
d) Prepositional clause

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✔ Answer: (a)
Explanation: Acts as object of "remembered" → noun clause.
व्याख्या: “Remembered” क्रिया का object है , इसक्रलए noun clause है ।

Q2. “He lit a candle.” — Passive voice?

a) A candle was lit by him. ✅
b) A candle is lit by him.
c) A candle has been lit.
d) A candle being lit.

✔ Answer: (a)
Explanation: Active → Passive
व्याख्या: Subject और object की जगह बदलकर verb को passive में बदला गया।

Q3. “Let’s play a game.” — Sentence type?

a) Imperative ✅
b) Interrogative
c) Exclamatory
d) Declarative

✔ Answer: (a)
Explanation: It’s a suggestion → imperative sentence
व्याख्या: “Let’s” वाले वाक्य सुझाव दे ते हैं → imperative होते हैं ।

Q4. Meaning of “flickered”?

a) Burned steadily
b) Shone very brightly
c) Glowed on and off ✅
d) Went out quickly

✔ Answer: (c)
Explanation: Flickered = light going on and off
व्याख्या: Flickered का मतलब है हिी-हिी जलती-बुझती रोर्नी।

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Q5. “The storm outside grew louder, but inside, everything felt peaceful.” —
Sentence type?
a) Simple
b) Compound ✅
c) Complex
d) Imperative

✔ Answer: (b)
Explanation: Two independent ideas joined by “but”.
व्याख्या: “But” द्वारा दो स्वतं त्र clauses जु डे हैं।

Comprehension Set 9

Passage: High above the Earth, in the stratosphere, there are luminous clouds
called noctilucent clouds. They appear only during summer at high latitudes and
glow an eerie blue after sunset. Scientists believe they are formed when water
vapor condenses around meteoric dust particles.

These clouds are still a mystery. Their increasing frequency has puzzled
meteorologists, who are now studying whether climate change in the lower
atmosphere might be influencing conditions much higher up. The rarity and
beauty of noctilucent clouds make them a subject of fascination for both
scientists and skywatchers.

Q1. "When water vapor condenses around meteoric dust particles" — What
type of clause is this? a) Adjective clause b) Adverbial clause ✓ c) Noun clause
d) Relative clause

✓ उत्तर: (b) Adverbial clause Explanation (English): It tells the condition under
which the clouds form.
(क्रहंदी में): यह उपवाक्य बादलों के बनने की ल्कथथक्रत को बताता है , इसक्रलए यह
क्रियाक्रवर्े षण उपवाक्य है ।

Q2. Which of the following sentences is in active voice? a) They are formed by
condensation. b) Clouds were seen after sunset. c) Scientists believe they are
formed. d) Meteoric dust particles collect water vapor. ✓

✓ उत्तर: (d) Meteoric dust particles collect water vapor. Explanation (English):
Subject "dust particles" is doing the action.
(क्रहंदी में): इस वाक्य में कताा "dust particles" क्रिया कर रहा है ।

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Q3. "Glow an eerie blue" — Replace "eerie" with a synonym. a) Bright b)

Strange ✓ c) Pale d) Common

✓ उत्तर: (b) Strange Explanation (English): "Eerie" means strange in an

unsettling way.
(क्रहंदी में): "Eerie" का अथा है असामान्य या डरावना, इसक्रलए "Strange" उपयुक्त
समानाथी है ।

Q4. What is the tone of the passage? a) Critical b) Informative ✓ c) Humorous

d) Biased

✓ उत्तर: (b) Informative Explanation (English): The passage gives scientific

facts.
(क्रहंदी में): यह गद्ांर् वैज्ञाक्रनक जानकारी दे ता है , इसक्रलए यह सूचनात्मक है ।

Comprehension Set 10

Passage: In the 1960s, a curious phenomenon was observed in Japanese

macaque monkeys on Koshima Island. A young female monkey named Imo
started washing sweet potatoes in river water before eating them. Soon, her
peers began to imitate her behavior. Over time, the habit spread across the
troop.

Some scientists call this the "Hundredth Monkey Effect," suggesting that when
a critical number of individuals adopt a behavior, it spreads rapidly—even to
separate groups. Although debated, this theory has intrigued behavioral
scientists for decades.

Q1. "That when a critical number of individuals adopt a behavior" — What kind
of clause is this? a) Adverbial clause b) Adjective clause c) Noun clause ✓ d)
Relative clause

✓ उत्तर: (c) Noun clause Explanation (English): The clause acts as the object of
"suggesting."
(क्रहंदी में): यह उपवाक्य "suggesting" क्रिया का उद्दे श्य है , इसक्रलए यह संज्ञा उपवाक्य
है ।

Q2. What is the voice of "The habit spread across the troop"? a) Active ✓ b)
Passive c) Indirect

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d) None

✓ उत्तर: (a) Active Explanation (English): The subject "habit" is doing the
action.
(क्रहंदी में): "habit" कताा है और वही क्रिया कर रहा है ।

Q3. "Imo started washing sweet potatoes" — Choose correct indirect form. a)
Imo said she is washing sweet potatoes. b) Imo said she had started washing
sweet potatoes. ✓ c) Imo said she has started washing them. d) Imo said she
was washing sweet potatoes.

✓ उत्तर: (b) Imo said she had started washing sweet potatoes. Explanation
(English): Past simple changes to past perfect in indirect.
(क्रहंदी में): प्रत्यक्ष कथन के past को अप्रत्यक्ष में past perfect बनाते हैं ।

Q4. What best describes the passage's theme? a) Evolutionary biology b)

Animal communication c) Behavioral transmission ✓ d) Environmental change

✓ उत्तर: (c) Behavioral transmission Explanation (English): The passage talks

about spreading behaviors.
(क्रहंदी में): ले ख बंदरों के व्यवहार के फैलाव की बात करता है ।

Comprehension Set 11

Passage: Deep under the Earth’s crust, extremophile bacteria thrive in boiling
vents and toxic mines. These organisms, unlike any known above ground, can
metabolize sulfur or even radioactive material. Scientists are studying them to
understand how life might exist on other planets.

These extremophiles challenge our definition of life. They have also shown
potential for cleaning up oil spills and nuclear waste. As technology advances,
these microbes may become key tools in environmental engineering and space
exploration.

Q1. "Unlike any known above ground" — What is this phrase functioning as? a)
Noun clause b) Prepositional phrase ✓ c) Adverbial clause d) Verb phrase

✓ उत्तर: (b) Prepositional phrase Explanation (English): It begins with "unlike"

and shows comparison.

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(क्रहंदी में): "Unlike" से र्ु रू हुआ यह वाक्यां र् तु लना दर्ाा रहा है , यह एक पूवासगा
वाक्यां र् है ।

Q2. What is the voice of "These organisms can metabolize sulfur"? a) Passive
b) Active ✓ c) Complex d) Indirect

✓ उत्तर: (b) Active Explanation (English): Subject "organisms" is performing

the action.
(क्रहंदी में): वाक्य का कताा "organisms" क्रिया कर रहा है ।

Q3. "They have also shown potential" — Which tense? a) Present perfect ✓ b)
Past perfect c) Future

d) Present simple

✓ उत्तर: (a) Present perfect Explanation (English): "have shown" indicates

action until now.
(क्रहंदी में): "have shown" वता मान पूणा काल दर्ाा ता है ।

Q4. What is the central idea of the passage? a) Microbes are dangerous b) Life
is simple c) Bacteria can eat sulfur

d) Unusual life forms have useful applications ✓

✓ उत्तर: (d) Unusual life forms have useful applications. Explanation (English):
The passage talks about unique microbes and their use.
(क्रहंदी में): ले ख में इन असामान्य जीवों के उपयोग की चचाा है ।

Comprehension Set 12

Passage: The Voynich Manuscript is a mysterious book written in an unknown

script and illustrated with bizarre images of plants, astronomical diagrams, and
bathing women. Discovered in the early 20th century, it has puzzled historians
and cryptographers alike.

Despite efforts from top linguists and AI, the script remains undeciphered.
Some claim it’s a hoax; others think it encodes lost knowledge from ancient
times. Its origin, language, and meaning continue to be one of the greatest
unsolved puzzles in manuscript history.

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Q1. "That it encodes lost knowledge" — Type of clause? a) Adjective b)

Adverbial c) Noun ✓ d) Relative

✓ उत्तर: (c) Noun Explanation (English): It acts as the object of "think."

(क्रहंदी में): यह उपवाक्य "think" क्रिया का उद्दे श्य है ।

Q2. "It has puzzled historians and cryptographers alike" — Voice? a) Active ✓
b) Passive c) Indirect d) Imperative

✓ उत्तर: (a) Active Explanation (English): "It" is the subject doing the action.
(क्रहंदी में): वाक्य का कताा "It" क्रिया कर रहा है ।

Q3. Replace "bizarre" with a synonym. a) Common b) Strange ✓ c) Beautiful

d) Clear

✓ उत्तर: (b) Strange Explanation (English): "Bizarre" means extremely strange

or unusual.
(क्रहंदी में): "Bizarre" का अथा होता है अत्यंत क्रवक्रचत्र, इसक्रलए सही पयाा यवाची है
"Strange"।

Q4. What is the tone of the passage? a) Romantic b) Mysterious ✓ c)

Humorous d) Persuasive

✓ उत्तर: (b) Mysterious Explanation (English): The unknown script and history
create a tone of mystery.
(क्रहंदी में): रहस्यमय क्रलक्रप और इक्रतहास इस ले ख को रहस्यपूणा बनाते हैं ।

Comprehension Set 13

Passage: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large area of marine debris in the
central North Pacific Ocean. It's formed by rotating ocean currents called gyres.
The majority of this debris is plastic, which does not biodegrade easily. Instead,
it breaks into smaller pieces called microplastics. These microplastics are
harmful to marine life and can enter the food chain.

Despite its name, the patch is not a solid island but rather a soup of floating
plastic. Efforts are being made to clean it up, but prevention is key. Reducing
single-use plastic consumption and improving waste management can help
reduce the growth of this patch.

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Q1. "Which does not biodegrade easily" — What type of clause is this? a) Noun
clause b) Adjective clause ✓ c) Adverbial clause d) Independent clause

✓ Answer: (b) Adjective clause

Explanation (Eng): It describes the noun “plastic.”
(Hindi): यह "plastic" र्ब्द का वणा न कर रहा है , इसक्रलए यह क्रवर्े षण उपवाक्य है ।

Q2. Identify the passive sentence. a) The garbage patch harms marine life. b)
Efforts are being made to clean it up. ✓ c) People throw plastic in oceans. d)
Plastic enters the food chain.

✓ Answer: (b) Efforts are being made to clean it up.

Explanation (Eng): Subject is not performing the action.
(Hindi): इसमें कताा काया नहीं कर रहा, इसक्रलए यह passive voice में है ।

Q3. What is the meaning of "biodegrade"? a) To dissolve in water b) To be

broken down by organisms ✓ c) To evaporate

d) To be burned

✓ Answer: (b) To be broken down by organisms

Explanation (Eng): Biodegradation involves natural organisms.
(Hindi): "Biodegrade" का अथा होता है – जीवों द्वारा क्रवघक्रित होना।

Q4. Tone of the passage? a) Humorous b) Informative ✓ c) Persuasive d)

Sarcastic

✓ Answer: (b) Informative

Explanation (Eng): It gives factual information about pollution.
(Hindi): यह प्रदू षण से संबंक्रधत तथ्यात्मक जानकारी दे ता है ।

Comprehension Set 14

Passage: A leap second is a one-second adjustment that is occasionally applied

to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to account for the Earth's slowing
rotation. Unlike a leap year, which adds a day, a leap second is added to keep
atomic clocks in sync with astronomical time.

Since its introduction in 1972, over two dozen leap seconds have been added.
However, some scientists argue it disrupts technology like GPS and

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communication systems. As a result, there are ongoing debates on whether to

abolish it.

Q1. "That is occasionally applied to UTC" — Identify the clause. a) Adverbial

clause b) Adjective clause ✓ c) Noun clause d) Independent clause

✓ Answer: (b) Adjective clause

Explanation (Eng): It describes “adjustment.”
(Hindi): यह "adjustment" को क्रवर्े क्रषत करता है ।

Q2. Which sentence is in passive voice? a) Scientists debate the usefulness of

leap seconds. b) A leap second is added to atomic time. ✓ c) They update
atomic clocks. d) It disrupts systems.

✓ Answer: (b) A leap second is added to atomic time.

Explanation (Eng): Subject is not performing the action.
(Hindi): कताा काया नहीं कर रहा है , इसक्रलए यह passive voice में है ।

Q3. Meaning of "abolish"? a) Support b) Delay c) Eliminate ✓ d) Accept

✓ Answer: (c) Eliminate

Explanation (Eng): Abolish means to officially end something.
(Hindi): "Abolish" का अथा होता है – क्रकसी चीज को समाप्त करना।

Q4. Tone of the passage? a) Humorous b) Argumentative c) Informative ✓ d)

Descriptive

✓ Answer: (c) Informative

Explanation (Eng): It explains the concept of a leap second.
(Hindi): यह leap second की जानकारी दे ता है ।

Comprehension Set 15

Passage (Word count: ~200):

In a remote region of Iceland, researchers discovered a lake that emitted an eerie

hum each evening. The sound wasn’t constant — it appeared only when
temperatures dropped below freezing. Scientists believed that the shifting ice
layers trapped air bubbles, which escaped through narrow cracks, producing
strange vibrations. Though machines recorded the sound, its origin remained
partly mysterious. Local villagers had heard the hum for generations and
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believed that the lake’s spirit communicated with the nearby mountains. While
modern science explained the phenomenon logically, the haunting sound still
attracted curious tourists and philosophers alike. Some researchers now hope
that studying these rare acoustic events may help in designing instruments that
can detect subtle changes in the Earth’s crust — perhaps even predicting
earthquakes in the future.

Questions with Bilingual Explanation:

Q1. "Which escaped through narrow cracks" — This clause is:

a) Adverbial clause
b) Noun clause
c) Relative clause ✅
d) Conditional clause

✅ Answer: (c) Relative clause

🔹 Explanation (English): This clause gives extra information about "air
bubbles," so it's a relative clause.
🔹 व्याख्या (Hindi): यह clause “air bubbles” की जानकारी दे ता है , इसक्रलए इसे
relative clause कहते हैं ।

Q2. "Scientists believed that the shifting ice layers trapped air bubbles" — The
clause “that the shifting ice...” is:
a) Noun clause ✅
b) Adjective clause
c) Adverbial clause
d) Independent clause

✅ Answer: (a) Noun Clause

🔹 Explanation (English): The whole clause acts as the object of “believed.”
🔹 व्याख्या (Hindi): “That” से र्ु रू हुआ यह clause verb “believed” का object है ,
इसक्रलए यह noun clause है ।

Q3. "The lake emitted an eerie hum" — Passive voice is:

a) An eerie hum had been emitted by the lake
b) The eerie hum is emitted by the lake

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c) An eerie hum was emitted by the lake ✅

d) An eerie hum would be emitted by the lake

✅ Answer: (c) An eerie hum was emitted by the lake

🔹 Explanation (English): In passive, the object “an eerie hum” becomes the
subject.
🔹 व्याख्या (Hindi): Passive voice में object (hum) को subject बनाते हैं और verb को
passive form में बदलते हैं — was emitted।

Q4. Convert to indirect: “The villagers said, ‘The lake’s spirit speaks to the
mountains.’”
a) The villagers said that the lake’s spirit had spoken to the mountains
b) The villagers said that the lake’s spirit spoke to the mountains ✅
c) The villagers said the lake’s spirit would speak to the mountains
d) The villagers said the lake’s spirit has spoken to the mountains

✅ Answer: (b) The villagers said that the lake’s spirit spoke to the mountains
🔹 Explanation (English): Present simple ("speaks") in direct speech changes to
past simple ("spoke") in indirect speech.
🔹 व्याख्या (Hindi): Direct speech में "speaks" था, जो indirect में "spoke" बन जाएगा
क्योंक्रक reporting verb “said” है — past tense में।

Q5. Meaning of “eerie” in the passage:

a) Beautiful
b) Strange and frightening ✅
c) Pleasant and calm
d) Mechanical

✅ Answer: (b) Strange and frightening

🔹 Explanation (English): “Eerie” describes something mysterious or scary —
like the lake’s hum.
🔹 व्याख्या (Hindi): “Eerie” का मतलब होता है — रहस्यमयी और डरावना। यहााँ यह
झील की आवाज़ को describe कर रहा है ।

Comprehension Set 16

Passage (~200 words):

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In a laboratory beneath the Swiss Alps, physicists built an enormous machine

called a particle collider. This device, made of superconducting magnets, was
designed to accelerate particles close to the speed of light. When these particles
collided, they created conditions similar to the universe just after the Big Bang.
Scientists hoped that studying these collisions would reveal hidden aspects of
matter and energy. Some critics feared the experiments could be dangerous, but
experts dismissed such claims. The collider was a marvel of engineering and
human curiosity. Even today, much of what happens at the subatomic level
remains mysterious, but each experiment brings humanity closer to answering
the fundamental question: “What is everything made of?”

Questions:

Q1. "Which reveal hidden aspects of matter and energy" — Clause type?
a) Noun clause
b) Relative clause ✅
c) Adverbial clause
d) Conditional clause

✅ Answer: (b) Relative Clause

🔹 Explanation (Eng): The clause describes “collisions,” so it’s relative.
🔹 व्याख्या (Hin): यह clause “collisions” की जानकारी दे ता है , इसक्रलए यह relative
clause है ।

Q2. "Physicists built an enormous machine" — Voice?

a) Passive
b) Interrogative
c) Active ✅
d) Imperative

✅ Answer: (c) Active

🔹 Explanation: Subject (physicists) is doing the action → active voice.
🔹 व्याख्या: यहााँ “physicists” ने machine बनाया — subject खुद action कर रहा है =
active voice।

Q3. Convert to passive: "Physicists built an enormous machine."

a) An enormous machine has been built by physicists

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b) An enormous machine is being built

c) An enormous machine was built by physicists ✅
d) The machine is built by physicists

✅ Answer: (c)
🔹 Explanation: Passive of past simple → was built.
🔹 व्याख्या: Past tense का passive है : was built by physicists.

Q4. "Experts dismissed such claims" — Indirect speech:

a) Experts said that such claims are dismissed
b) Experts said such claims had been dismissed ✅
c) Experts told that such claims were dismissing
d) Experts said that those claims were being dismissed

✅ Answer: (b)
🔹 Explanation: “Dismissed” → reported in past perfect: had been dismissed.
🔹 व्याख्या: Past action को indirect में had been dismissed कहते हैं ।

Q5. "Collider" means:

a) A chemical factory
b) A particle-accelerating machine ✅
c) An energy source
d) An electric generator

✅ Answer: (b)
🔹 Explanation: Collider = machine that makes particles collide at high speed.
🔹 व्याख्या: Collider वह यंत्र है जो कणों को िकराता है — particle accelerator।

Comprehension Set 16

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Passage (~200 words):

Deep in the Amazon rainforest, scientists recently discovered a species of

mushroom that glows in the dark. This fungus emits a faint green light at night,
a phenomenon known as bioluminescence. While the exact purpose of the glow
is not yet fully understood, some researchers believe it helps attract insects that
spread the mushroom's spores. The discovery has sparked interest among
biologists and chemists alike. If the chemical compounds responsible for the
glow can be isolated, they might be used in medical imaging or low-energy
lighting in the future. For now, the glowing mushrooms remain a natural
mystery — a tiny lamp in the vast darkness of the forest.

Questions:

Q1. "Which glows in the dark" — Clause type?

a) Adverbial clause
b) Relative clause ✅
c) Noun clause
d) Conditional clause

✅ Answer: (b) Relative Clause

🔹 Explanation: Describes "mushroom" → relative clause.
🔹 व्याख्या: यह clause "mushroom" को qualify करता है , इसक्रलए यह relative
clause है ।

Q2. "Some researchers believe that it helps attract insects" — Clause type?
a) Noun clause ✅
b) Relative clause
c) Adverbial clause
d) Interrogative clause

✅ Answer: (a) Noun Clause

🔹 Explanation: “That it helps...” is object of “believe.”
🔹 व्याख्या: “That” से र्ु रू हुआ clause verb “believe” का object है — यह noun
clause है ।

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Q3. "They might be used in medical imaging" — Active voice?

a) Scientists might use them in medical imaging ✅
b) They can use in medical
c) Medical imaging used by them
d) Scientists had used them

✅ Answer: (a)
🔹 Explanation: Passive → Active: "They might be used" → "Scientists might
use them."
🔹 व्याख्या: Passive वाक्य को active में बदलते समय object (they) को object ही
रखते हैं और subject बनाते हैं ।

Q4. "The exact purpose of the glow is not yet fully understood" — Passive form
confirmed?
a) No, it is active
b) Yes ✅
c) It is interrogative
d) It is imperative

✅ Answer: (b) Yes

🔹 Explanation: "Is not understood" = passive form.
🔹 व्याख्या: "Is not understood" passive voice है — subject action का receiver है ।

Q5. "Bioluminescence" means:

a) Movement of light
b) Production of light by a living organism ✅
c) Electric spark
d) Optical illusion

✅ Answer: (b)
🔹 Explanation: Bioluminescence = Bio (life) + Luminescence (light).
🔹 व्याख्या: Bioluminescence का अथा होता है — जीवों द्वारा उत्पन्न प्राकृक्रतक रोर्नी।

Comprehension Set 17

Passage (~200 words):

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On a distant moon of Jupiter called Europa, scientists have detected the

presence of a vast underground ocean beneath its icy surface. This discovery has
raised the possibility that microbial life might exist beyond Earth. Probes sent
by NASA picked up magnetic signals that suggest liquid water is interacting
with the moon’s rocky core. If confirmed, this ocean could become one of the
prime locations in the search for extraterrestrial life. Europa’s surface is
extremely cold and harsh, but below the ice, warmth from the core might
support life. Missions are being planned to send robotic submarines that could
drill through the ice and explore the hidden ocean.

Questions:

Q1. "That microbial life might exist beyond Earth" — Clause type?
a) Adjective clause
b) Relative clause
c) Noun clause ✅
d) Adverbial clause

✅ Answer: (c) Noun Clause

🔹 Explanation: It’s the object of “possibility.”
🔹 व्याख्या: यह clause “possibility” का object है — इसक्रलए noun clause है ।

Q2. "Probes picked up magnetic signals" — Passive voice?

a) Magnetic signals had picked up
b) Magnetic signals are picked
c) Magnetic signals were picked up by probes ✅
d) Probes have picked the signal

✅ Answer: (c)
🔹 Explanation: Active → Passive: Object becomes subject.
🔹 व्याख्या: Passive में object (signals) को subject बनाया गया — “were picked
up.”

Q3. "This ocean could become a prime location" — Active or passive?

a) Active voice ✅
b) Passive voice

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c) Interrogative
d) Imperative

✅ Answer: (a) Active Voice

🔹 Explanation: Subject (ocean) is doing the action — “could become.”
🔹 व्याख्या: “Ocean” खुद action कर रहा है — इसक्रलए active voice है ।

Q4. "Scientists said, ‘Life might exist beneath Europa’s surface.’" — Indirect
speech:
a) Scientists said that life might exist beneath Europa’s surface ✅
b) Scientists told life might exist
c) Scientists had said life exists
d) Scientists say life exists

✅ Answer: (a)
🔹 Explanation: “Might” remains unchanged in indirect speech.
🔹 व्याख्या: “Might” modal verb indirect में वैसा ही रहता है — कोई पररवता न नहीं।

Q5. "Extraterrestrial" means:

a) From another planet ✅
b) Deep underwater
c) Extremely old
d) Radioactive

✅ Answer: (a)
🔹 Explanation: "Extra" = beyond, "terrestrial" = Earth → not from Earth.
🔹 व्याख्या: Extraterrestrial = पृथ्वी से बाहर का, जै से क्रकसी अन्य ग्रह से।

Comprehension Set 18

Passage (~200 words):

In the heart of the Sahara Desert, a team of archaeologists found a massive stone
circle that predates the Egyptian pyramids. The structure, made of large
sandstone slabs arranged in a circular pattern, is believed to be an ancient
astronomical observatory. Each stone aligns with the position of the sun during
solstices and equinoxes. This suggests that even prehistoric desert communities

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had knowledge of the solar calendar. The discovery challenges long-held beliefs
that early humans in desert regions were solely nomadic. Instead, it proves that
they had permanent settlements and advanced understanding of celestial
movements.

Questions:

Q1. "That predates the Egyptian pyramids" — Clause type?

a) Adverbial clause
b) Conditional clause
c) Relative clause ✅
d) Noun clause

✅ Answer: (c) Relative Clause

🔹 Explanation: Describes “stone circle.”
🔹 व्याख्या: यह “stone circle” को describe करता है — इसक्रलए यह relative clause
है ।

Q2. "Each stone aligns with the sun" — Passive form:

a) The sun aligns with each stone
b) Each stone is aligned with the sun ✅
c) Sun was aligned by stone
d) Stones align the sun

✅ Answer: (b)
🔹 Explanation: Active → Passive: “Each stone aligns” → “Each stone is
aligned.”
🔹 व्याख्या: Passive में subject पर क्रिया की जाती है — “is aligned.”

Q3. "It proves that they had knowledge" — Clause type of ‘that’ part?
a) Adjective clause
b) Noun clause ✅
c) Adverbial clause
d) Exclamatory clause

✅ Answer: (b)
🔹 Explanation: “That they had...” is the object of “proves.”

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🔹 व्याख्या: “Proves” के बाद आने वाला “that” clause object है — यह noun clause
है ।

Q4. "Challenging long-held beliefs" — This phrase is:

a) Gerund
b) Infinitive
c) Present participle ✅
d) Past participle

✅ Answer: (c)
🔹 Explanation: “Challenging” describes what “the discovery” is doing →
participle.
🔹 व्याख्या: “Challenging” कायावाची क्रवर्ेषण के रूप में प्रयुक्त है — present
participle।

Q5. "Solstices and equinoxes" refer to:

a) Rainy seasons
b) Changes in Earth’s gravity
c) Positions of the sun in the sky ✅
d) Ancient rituals

✅ Answer: (c)
🔹 Explanation: Solstices/equinoxes are astronomical events.
🔹 व्याख्या: ये खगोलीय घिनाएाँ होती हैं — जब सूया की ल्कथथक्रत बदलती है ।

Comprehension Set 19

Passage (~200 words):

Researchers have created an artificial leaf that mimics photosynthesis. This

device uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce fuel, just like natural
leaves do. Unlike solar panels, this technology can generate a liquid energy
source, which is easier to store and transport. The artificial leaf is coated with
catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. It could offer a cleaner, more
sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Though still in early stages of
development, the invention has attracted attention from environmentalists and
energy companies worldwide.

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Questions:

Q1. "That mimics photosynthesis" — Clause type?

a) Relative clause ✅
b) Adverbial clause
c) Conditional clause
d) Noun clause

✅ Answer: (a)
🔹 Explanation: Describes “artificial leaf.”
🔹 व्याख्या: यह “leaf” को describe कर रहा है — relative clause है ।

Q2. "This device uses sunlight..." — Passive voice:

a) Sunlight is being used by this device ✅
b) Sunlight has used device
c) The device is using sunlighted
d) Sunlight used it

✅ Answer: (a)
🔹 Explanation: Passive = object becomes subject.
🔹 व्याख्या: Passive में object (sunlight) को subject बना क्रदया गया है ।

Q3. "Which is easier to store" — Clause type?

a) Noun clause
b) Adverbial clause
c) Relative clause ✅
d) Principal clause

✅ Answer: (c)
🔹 Explanation: Describes “liquid energy source.”
🔹 व्याख्या: यह “energy source” को qualify करता है — यह relative clause है ।

Q4. "Accelerate chemical reactions" — Synonym of “accelerate”?

a) Slow down
b) Observe

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c) Speed up ✅
d) Convert

✅ Answer: (c)
🔹 Explanation: Accelerate = to increase speed.
🔹 व्याख्या: Accelerate = ते ज करना या गक्रत बढाना।

Q5. "Mimics" means:

a) Destroys
b) Imitates ✅
c) Blocks
d) Studies

✅ Answer: (b)
🔹 Explanation: Mimic = to copy or replicate.
🔹 व्याख्या: Mimic का अथा होता है — नकल करना या अनुकरण करना।

Comprehension Set 20

Passage (~200 words):

In the depths of the Pacific Ocean, scientists discovered a jellyfish species that
glows with pulsating rings of light. This bioluminescence is not just beautiful —
it serves a survival purpose. When threatened, the jellyfish emits a flashing
pattern that confuses predators. Researchers believe this defense mechanism
evolved to distract attackers long enough for the jellyfish to escape.
Interestingly, the glow’s intensity changes with water temperature, leading
scientists to consider using these creatures as living sensors for oceanic changes.
Such discoveries show how even the most delicate marine life may hold
answers to environmental challenges.

Questions:

Q1. "That glows with pulsating rings of light" — Clause type?

a) Adverbial clause
b) Noun clause
c) Relative clause ✅
d) Conditional clause
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✅ Explanation: Describes “a jellyfish species.”

व्याख्या: यह “jellyfish species” को describe कर रहा है — relative clause है ।

Q2. "When threatened, the jellyfish emits..." — Clause type?

a) Adverbial clause ✅
b) Noun clause
c) Relative clause
d) Infinitive phrase

✅ Explanation: “When threatened” tells us when the action occurs.

व्याख्या: यह clause यह बताता है क्रक क्रिया कब होती है — इसक्रलए यह adverbial
clause है ।

Q3. Passive voice of: "Researchers believe this defense evolved."

a) This defense believes to be evolved
b) It is believed by researchers that this defense evolved ✅
c) That defense is evolving
d) Researchers believed to be evolved defense

✅ Explanation: Passive uses “It is believed...”

व्याख्या: Passive रूप में “It is believed that...” का प्रयोग होता है ।

Q4. “Bioluminescence” most likely means:

a) Ocean sound
b) Light produced by living organisms ✅
c) Cold temperatures
d) Acid in water

✅ Explanation: Bio = life, luminescence = light

व्याख्या: Bioluminescence का अथा होता है — जीवों द्वारा उत्पन्न प्रकार्।

Q5. “Delicate” in the context means:

a) Strong
b) Complex
c) Fragile ✅
d) Giant
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✅ Explanation: “Delicate marine life” refers to sensitive or fragile organisms.

व्याख्या: “Delicate” का अथा है — नाजु क या संवेदनर्ील।

Comprehension Set 21

Passage (~200 words):

Deep within the Amazon rainforest, scientists discovered a fungus that can
digest plastic. This fungus, Pestalotiopsis microspora, breaks down
polyurethane — a common type of plastic — without the need for oxygen. It
can even survive in landfills, making it a promising solution to the global plastic
crisis. Researchers are now studying how to grow it at scale. While it won't end
pollution alone, it offers hope that nature might help solve the problems humans
have created.

Questions:

Q1. "That can digest plastic" — Clause type?

a) Noun clause
b) Relative clause ✅
c) Conditional clause
d) Adverbial clause

✅ Explanation: Describes the noun “fungus.”

व्याख्या: यह “fungus” को describe कर रहा है — relative clause है ।

Q2. "Can even survive in landfills" — Passive form:

a) In landfills it can be even survived
b) Landfills can even be survived by it ✅
c) Surviving landfills can even be done
d) It survives landfill

✅ Explanation: “It can survive...” → “Landfills can be survived by it.”

व्याख्या: Passive रूप में object को subject बना क्रदया गया।

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Q3. Meaning of “digest” in this context?

a) Understand
b) Break down food or material ✅
c) Store
d) Create

✅ Explanation: Fungus digests = breaks down plastic.

व्याख्या: यहााँ “digest” का अथा है — क्रकसी चीज को क्रवघक्रित करना।

Q4. Clause type of: "While it won’t end pollution alone"

a) Relative clause
b) Adverbial clause ✅
c) Noun clause
d) Principal clause

✅ Explanation: “While” indicates contrast → adverbial clause.

व्याख्या: “While” का प्रयोग क्रवरोधाभास दर्ाा ने के क्रलए हुआ — यह adverbial clause
है ।

Q5. "Hope that nature might help..." — 'that' clause is:

a) Relative clause
b) Noun clause ✅
c) Adverbial clause
d) Imperative clause

✅ Explanation: Acts as object of “hope.”

व्याख्या: यह “hope” क्रिया का object है — noun clause है ।

Comprehension Set 22

Passage (~200 words):

On the surface of Mars, rovers have found strange lines that appear and
disappear with the seasons. These dark streaks, called recurring slope lineae, are
believed to be caused by salty water flows. While Mars is extremely dry, the
presence of salts lowers the freezing point of water, allowing brief liquid flow.
This could be a clue to the planet’s potential to support microbial life. Scientists

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continue to debate whether the lines result from water or dry sand movement.
Either way, the findings deepen our understanding of Mars’s active geology.

Questions:

Q1. "That appear and disappear with the seasons" — Clause type?
a) Adverbial clause
b) Noun clause
c) Relative clause ✅
d) Conditional clause

✅ Explanation: Modifies “strange lines.”

व्याख्या: यह “lines” को describe करता है — relative clause है ।

Q2. "Could be a clue to the planet’s potential" — Passive voice:

a) Planet’s potential was clue
b) A clue could be given by planet
c) The planet’s potential could be clued
d) The planet’s potential could be indicated ✅

✅ Explanation: Passive = “be indicated” replaces “be a clue.”

व्याख्या: Passive में “clue” का अथा होता है “signal or indication”।

Q3. Meaning of “streaks” here?

a) Bright stars
b) Long narrow marks ✅
c) Waterfalls
d) Maps

✅ Explanation: Streaks = long, narrow lines on surface.

व्याख्या: “Streaks” का अथा है — सतह पर बनी लं बी पतली धाररयााँ ।

Q4. "Whether the lines result from water or sand" — Clause type?
a) Adjective clause
b) Noun clause ✅

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c) Relative clause
d) Conditional clause

✅ Explanation: Acts as object of “debate.”

व्याख्या: यह “debate” क्रिया का object है — यह noun clause है ।

Q5. "Presence of salts lowers the freezing point" — Passive voice?

a) The freezing point is lowered by the presence of salts ✅
b) Salts lower freezing by presence
c) Freezing salt lowers the point
d) The presence is lowered

✅ Explanation: Passive = Object becomes subject.

व्याख्या: Passive में freezing point को subject बनाया गया — यह “lowered” हो रहा
है ।

Comprehension Set 23

Passage (~200 words):

In a remote village of Iceland, researchers have discovered an unusual

phenomenon: rocks that seem to hum. The humming sound is faint but
consistent and can be heard only during certain times of the day. Scientists have
ruled out human activity and believe the vibrations come from deep within the
Earth’s crust. Some speculate that geothermal activity is causing these low-
frequency sounds, while others believe wind interacting with the unique rock
formations might be responsible. Whatever the reason, the "singing rocks" have
attracted geologists and curious travelers from around the world.

Questions:

Q1. "That seem to hum" — clause type?

a) Adverbial clause
b) Relative clause ✅
c) Noun clause
d) Conditional clause

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✅ Explanation: It describes “rocks” → relative clause.

व्याख्या: “rocks” की क्रवर्े षता बताता है — इसक्रलए relative clause है ।

Q2. "Have attracted geologists and curious travelers" — Passive voice:

a) Geologists and travelers attract
b) Geologists and travelers are attracted ✅
c) Attracted have geologists
d) Curious travelers attracted rocks

✅ Explanation: Passive form = “are attracted by...”

व्याख्या: Passive में object subject बनता है — “are attracted” सही रूप है ।

Q3. “Phenomenon” means:

a) Ordinary event
b) Natural event observed and studied ✅
c) Myth
d) Obstacle

✅ Explanation: Scientific discovery = phenomenon.

व्याख्या: “Phenomenon” का अथा है — कोई अद् भुत या क्रवर्े ष प्राकृक्रतक घिना।

Q4. Clause type of: “While others believe wind interacting with rocks…”
a) Adjective clause
b) Noun clause
c) Adverbial clause ✅
d) Imperative clause

✅ Explanation: Shows contrast — starts with “while”.

व्याख्या: “While” से र्ु रू होने वाली clause क्रवरोध दर्ाा ती है — adverbial clause है ।

Q5. "Whatever the reason" — Clause type?

a) Relative clause
b) Conditional clause
c) Noun clause ✅
d) Infinitive clause

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✅ Explanation: This whole clause is acting as a subject — noun clause.

व्याख्या: यह पूरा clause एक subject की तरह काम कर रहा है — noun clause है ।

Comprehension Set 24

Passage (~200 words):

In the deserts of Namibia, beetles have developed a unique survival technique.

They collect water from fog using their backs. Early in the morning, they climb
sand dunes and position their bodies in a way that allows moisture from fog to
condense on their shells. The water then rolls into their mouths. This technique
has inspired engineers to create fog-collecting devices for arid regions. It shows
how observing nature can lead to innovations in technology, especially in places
where resources are scarce.

Questions:

Q1. "That allows moisture to condense" — clause type?

a) Relative clause ✅
b) Noun clause
c) Adverbial clause
d) Imperative clause

✅ Explanation: Describes “a way” → relative clause.

व्याख्या: “a way” को क्रवस्तार से बताता है — relative clause है ।

Q2. “Inspired engineers” — passive voice?

a) Engineers inspired nature
b) Engineers are inspired by it ✅
c) Nature inspires engineers
d) Engineers inspiring nature

✅ Explanation: Passive = “are inspired by...”

व्याख्या: Passive में object (engineers) को subject बनाया गया है ।

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Q3. "Fog-collecting devices" means:

a) Machines that create fog
b) Tools that remove fog
c) Devices that collect water from fog ✅
d) Devices that detect fog

✅ Explanation: Based on context — water collection from fog.

व्याख्या: प्रसंग अनुसार उपकरण पानी इकट्ठा करते हैं — fog से।

Q4. "In places where resources are scarce" — clause type?

a) Relative clause ✅
b) Adverbial clause
c) Noun clause
d) Principal clause

✅ Explanation: Describes “places” → relative clause.

व्याख्या: “places” को define कर रहा है — इसक्रलए relative clause है ।

Q5. "Early in the morning" is:

a) Adverbial phrase ✅
b) Noun clause
c) Prepositional clause
d) Conjunction

✅ Explanation: It tells when — hence adverbial.

व्याख्या: यह समय बताता है — इसक्रलए adverbial phrase है ।

Comprehension Set 25

Passage (~200 words):

Astronomers recently discovered a planet outside our solar system that rains
metal. Called WASP-76b, this exoplanet is located hundreds of light-years
away. Due to its extreme temperature difference between day and night sides,
strong winds blow vaporized iron across the planet. When the vapor reaches the
cooler side, it condenses and falls as molten iron rain. Scientists believe such
planets offer insights into extreme weather and atmospheric chemistry beyond

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Earth. Though life cannot exist there, WASP-76b remains a fascinating object
of study.

Questions:

Q1. "That rains metal" — clause type?

a) Adverbial clause
b) Noun clause
c) Relative clause ✅
d) Interrogative clause

✅ Explanation: Describes “planet” — hence relative clause.

व्याख्या: “planet” को वक्रणात करता है — relative clause है ।

Q2. "When the vapor reaches the cooler side..." — clause type?
a) Noun clause
b) Adjective clause
c) Adverbial clause ✅
d) Principal clause

✅ Explanation: Indicates time → adverbial clause.

व्याख्या: “When” से र्ुरू हुआ — यह समय दर्ाा ता है , adverbial clause है ।

Q3. Passive voice of: "Scientists discovered a planet."

a) A planet was discovered by scientists ✅
b) A planet discovered scientists
c) Scientists were discovered
d) Scientists has discovered

✅ Explanation: Subject = scientists → passive = “was discovered by...”

व्याख्या: Passive में object (planet) subject बन गया।

Q4. "Insights into extreme weather" means:

a) Guessing weather
b) Studying planets

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c) Understanding unusual weather conditions ✅

d) Controlling climate

✅ Explanation: “Insights into” = deep understanding.

व्याख्या: “Insights into” का अथा होता है — गहराई से समझना।

Q5. Meaning of “molten”:

a) Frozen
b) Liquid due to heat ✅
c) Invisible
d) Heavy

✅ Explanation: “Molten iron rain” = iron melted by heat.

व्याख्या: “Molten” का अथा होता है — गमी से क्रपघला हुआ।

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