1 Paper

Full Marks: 100

Pass Marks: 50
FORENSIC MEDICINE Time: 3 hours

S/N: 3 m
LEGAL PROCEDURE Reason out: 5m
Differentiate: 3m
1. Reason out: Oral evidence is superior to documentary evidence (2023) No OR

2. Differentiate: Police Inquest & Magistrate Inquest (2021) (2018) (2016)

(2013) (2012)
3. S/N: Subpoena (2017)
4. S/N: Inquest (2014)
5. Enumerate the different criminal courts of India with reference to their powers.
What are the different punishments awarded by the Indian Courts? (2+4+2)
(2013)
6. Differentiate: Dying Declaration & Dying Deposition (2013) (2011)
(2005) (2012)
7. What is Summon? Write the procedure of recording evidence in the Court of
Law. (2+6) (2010)
8. S/N: Examination of witness in the Court of Law (2006)
9. S/N: Dying Declaration (2005)
10.S/N: Hostile Witness (2003)

MEDICAL LAW & ETHICS

1. Enumerate the basic principles of ethics? Discuss the importance of informed consent in
medical practice. (2023) (1+4)
2. S/N: Infamous conduct (2023) (2010)
3. Reason out: The burden of proof of negligence does not lie on the patient where the Rule
of Res Ipsa Loquitur is applied (2023)
4. Differentiate: Civil & criminal negligence (2019)
5. S/N: Criminal negligence (2018)
6. S/N: Vicarious liability (2017)
7. S/N: Medical negligence (2014)

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 8. S/N: Res Ipsa Loquitor (2013) (2010)
9. S/N: Privileged communication (2013) (2011)
10.S/N: Professional secrecy (2012)
11.What is consent? Enumerate the different types briefly. What is the medicolegal
importance? (2012) (2+2+4)
12.S/N: Informed consent (2008)
13.S/N: Professional misconduct (2008)
14.Differentiate: Civil & Criminal Malpraxis (2005)
15.S/N: Contributary negligence (2003)
16.S/N: Age of consent (2002)
17.S/N: Acts of omission (2001)

IDENTIFICATION

1. Reason out: Dactylography is considered one of the best techniques for establishing the
identity of a person. (2023)
2. One unidentified dead body of a male around 20 years of age was recovered by the local
police near the Loktak lake. Enumerate the different data that will help to determine the age
of the person. Discuss any one of these data to establish the age of this unidentified person.
What will be the surest data for identification in this case? What are the drawbacks of DNA
profiling in identification of an individual? (2+3+1+2) (2021)
3. Describe different prints in relation to Forensic Medicine. What is the medico-legal
importance of hair and teeth? (3+5) (2018)
4. S/N: Superimposition (2018)
5. Differentiate: Human hair & Animal hair (2017) (2007)
6. S/N: Cephalic Index (2015) (2007)
7. Differentiate: Male skull & Female skull (2014) (2011)
8. Name the different data which help in identification. What are the different
patterns of fingerprints with their percentages? Why is dactylography much
more reliable than DNA fingerprinting? (2+3+3) (2012)

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 9. Differentiate: Male pelvis & Female pelvis (2012)
10.S/N: Turner Syndrome (2011)
11.Differentiate: Temporary teeth & Permanent teeth (2010) (2005)
12.S/N: Latent Fingerprint (2009)
13.S/N: Estimation of age from teeth (2006)
14.S/N: Scar (2005)
15.S/N: Intersex (2002)
16.S/N: Poroscopy (2003)

MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY

1. Enumerate the types of incisions in autopsy (2023) (2)

2. S/N: Two advantages and two disadvantages of virtual autopsy (2023)

DEATH AND ITS CAUSES

1. S/N: Negative autopsy (2021)

2. S/N: Obscure autopsy (2019)
3. Define death. Name the death in which organ removal from a dead body is permissible as
per provisions of the Transplantation of Human Organs Act. Mention the testes to confirm
such death. (2+2+4) (2016)
4. Define sudden death. (1) (2009)
5. S/N: Tardieu spots (2002)

POSTMORTEM CHANGES

1. Reason out: The first external sign of putrefaction appears in the right iliac fossa
(2023)

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 2. S/N: Modified forms of putrefaction (2021)
3. Differentiate: Rigor mortis & Cadaveric spasm (2019) (2015) (2011) (2010)
4. S/N: Post-mortem staining (2019) (2002)
5. Define rigor mortis. Write mechanism of development and medico-legal importance of rigor
mortis. (2+6) (2017) (2004)
6. Classify and enumerate the changes after death. Describe rigor mortis along with its
mechanism and the conditions stimulating it. (2+4+2) (2013)
7. S/N: Cadaveric spasm (2012) (2002)
8. S/N: Suspended animation (2011)
9. Mention the early changes after death. How will you ascertain the time since death
considering these changes? (3+4) (2009)
10. S/N: Rigor mortis (2008) (2003)
11. Define death. Enumerate changes occurring after death. How will you assess the time
passed since death during medico-legal autopsy? (2+2+4) (2006)
12. Mention the signs of decomposition in a human body recovered 48 hours after death in
a hot summer season. (8) (2001)
13. S/N: Production of adipocere (2001)

MECHANICAL INJURIES

1. S/N: Puppe’s rule (2023)

2. S/N: Sec. 44 IPC. (2023) (2019) (2015) (2014) (2011)
3. Differentiate: Hanging & Strangulation (2021)
4. Describe the types of laceration and their causation. Write its medico-legal importance.
(4+2) (2019)
5. Differentiate: Ante-mortem & Post-mortem wounds/abrasions (2018) (2013)
(2010)
6. Differentiate: Stab wound & Gunshot wound (2017)

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 7. Classify mechanical injuries. How can you give your opinion of age of an injury? (2+4)
(2015)
8. Classify different types of injuries. How, in general, age of an injury be assessed?
(3+3) (2014)
9. S/N: Cut-throat injury (2013)
10. S/N: Stab wound (2013)
11. Differentiate: Bruise & Post-mortem hypostasis (2012)
12. Differentiate: Entrance wound & Exit wound in gunshot injury (2012) (2010)
13. S/N: Lacerated wound (2012)
14. Describe a bruise in all its medica-legal aspects. (6) (2011)
15. Differentiate: True bruise & False bruise (2011)
16. Differentiate: Suicidal & Homicidal cut-throat injury (2009)
17. Classify injury. Describe in detail various medica-legal aspects of injuries. (4+4)
(2008)
18. Differentiate: Incised & Lacerated wounds (2008)
19. What is incised wound? How will you differentiate suicidal cut-throat from homicidal cut-
throat? (2+6) (2005)
20. Define abrasion. What are the different types of abrasion? State the medico-legal
importance. Discuss healing of an abrasion. (2+2+2+2) (2003)
21. Define incised wound. Write the characteristics of an incised cut-throat wound. (2+6)
(2002)
22. Classify wounds. Discuss how the study of abrasion helps in solving various crimes.
(5+6) (2001)

REGIONAL INJURIES

1. Reason out: Extradural hemorrhage is rare in the first two years of life (2023)
2. S/N: Contre-coup injury (2009)

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MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF WOUNDS

1. Enumerate grievous hurt. Give a brief account of injuries caused by blunt forces. How will
you assess the duration of injuries? (2+3+3) (2007)
2. S/N: Grievous wound (2002)

THERMAL DEATHS

1. Differentiate: Ante mortem & Postmortem burns on autopsy (2008) (2006)

2. S/N: Rule of 9 (2005)

MECHANICAL ASPHYXIA
1. Enumerate the characteristics of drowning froth (2) (2023)
2. S/N:
a) Cafe Coronary (2019) (2011)
b) Traumatic asphyxia (2018) (2001)
c) Sexual asphyxia (2017)
3. Differentiate:
a) Fresh water & Saline water drowning (2016)
b) Hanging & Strangulation (2021) (2015) (2013)
c) Ligature mark of hanging & Strangulations (2014) (2007)
4. Define hanging. Describe postmortem findings in a case of typical hanging. (2012) (2+6)
[+ Partial hanging (2m) (2011)]
5. S/N: Diatoms. (2012) (2008)
6. What is drowning? What are the postmortem findings in the case of freshwater drowning?
Mention the medico-legal importance of diatom test. (2010) (2+4+2)
7. Enumerate the various causes of asphyxia deaths and describe in detail the autopsy
features of hanging deaths. (2008) (4+4)
8. Define strangulation. Enumerate the different types of strangulation. Discuss the
postmortem findings in a case of strangulation by ligature. (2005) (2+2+4)
9. A body was found floating in a pond. Discuss how to assess during PM examination:
a) identification

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 b) cause of death
c) time passed since death (2003) (2+3+3)
10.S/N: Burking (2003)
11.Define hanging. Write in short, the factors which modify ligature more of hanging. (2002)
(2+6)
12.Describe the different types of drowning. Discuss how you will diagnose cases of ante
mortem drowning. (2002) (3+5)
13.S/N: Causes of death due to strangulation (2001)

IMPOTENCE & STERILITY

1. S/N: Artificial insemination (2013) (2011)
2. Differentiate: Artificial insemination & Adoption (2011)
3. S/N: Impotence quad hoc (2006) (2001)
4. Why is temporary impotence expected in case of
acid/alcohol/organophosphorus/potassium cyanide poisoning (?)
5. S/N: Artificial Insemination Donor (AID) (?)

VIRGINITY, PREGNANCY & DOLIVERY

1. Differentiate: True virgin & False virgin (2021) (2018) (2014) (2012) (2011)
2. S/N: Hymen (2013)
3. Describe the different signs of pregnancy. What are its legal aspects? (2013) (4+4)
4. S/N: Virginity (2011)
5. S/N: Affiliation cases (2010)
6. S/N: Blood examination in disputed paternity (2008)
7. Differentiate: Recent delivery & Remote delivery (2006)
8. S/N: Disputed paternity (2003)
9. S/N: Lochia (2001)

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ABORTION
1. S/N: MTP Act (2019)
2. Define abortion. Discuss the provision of the MTP Act. (2004) (2+6)
3. Describe the ways & means used for procuring criminal abortion (2001) (6)

SEXUAL OFFENCES
1. Reason out: The medicolegal examination of a survivor of rape should not be done
without her consent. (2023)
2. S/N: Custodial rape (2021) (2002)
3. Define rape. Describe of the procedures of examination of female victim of sexual assault
& specimen to be collected for laboratory investigation. (2017) (2011) (2010) (3+5)
4. Describe the laboratory tests to confirm the act of sexual intercourse in an allegation of
rape. (2016) (6)
5. Describe the unnatural sexual offences. (2015) (6)
6. S/N: Sadism (2012)
7. S/N: MLI of semen examination (2008)
8. S/N: Precaution of medicolegal examination of rape victim. (2008)
9. Differentiate: Sadism & Masochism
10.Enumerate the materials which should be preserved during examination. (2003)
11.S/N: Incest (2003)
12.What are the dangers of cape on a victim? (2001)

INFANT DEATH
1. A dead foetus was brought to a Medical College Hospital for postmortem examination by
the police. As per the history, the foetus was found on the outskirts of the city near a drain.
On examination - the length of the foetus was 26 cm, and the weight was 380 g, downy
lanugo hairs were present, the head was about one-fourth of the length of the body and a
developing penis was observed.
a) How will you establish the gestational age of the foetus?
b) Is this a viable foetus?

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 c) Enumerate the signs of live birth?
d) Write the difference in lungs before and after respiration. (2023) (2+2+3+3)
2. S/N: Battered baby syndrome/Caffe's syndrome (2018) (2009)
3. S/N: Sudden infant death syndrome (2014)
4. Differentiate: Respired & unexpired lungs (2013) (2011)
5. S/N: Precipitate labour (2012) (2005)
6. Differentiate: Still born & Death born child (2010)
7. Differentiate: Still born & Live born child (2007)

BLOOD STAINS
1. S/N: Medicolegal aspect of blood (2021)
2. Describe the different biological stains having MLI of each of them. (4) (2009)

FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
1. S/N: Pugilistic attitude (2023)
2. Reason out: A marriage with a mentally ill person may be considered invalid under
certain circumstances. (2023)
3. Enumerate the types of hallucination (2023) (2)
4. Differentiate: McNaughten's Rule and Section 84 IPC (2021)
5. Differentiate: True insanity & feigned insanity (2019) (2018) (2017) (2015)
(2013) (2012) (2010) (2008)
6. S/N: Delusion (2019) (2016) (2013) (2009)
7. Differentiate: Civil and criminal responsibilities of a mentally ill person (2014)
8. S/N: Hallucination (2013) (2008)
9. S/N: Impulse (2012) (2010)
10.S/N: Testamentary capacity (2011)
11.Describe the civil responsibilities of an insane person (2011) (8)
12.S/N: Legal test of Insanity. (2009) (2002)
13.S/N: Criminal responsibility of an insane person (2007)
14.Write down the various methods of restraining of a mentally ill person (2002) (8)

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 TOXICOLOGY

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. S/N: Chelating agents in treatment of poisoning (2016) (2008)
2. Define poisons. Discuss the management of a poisoning case in hospital. What are the
things to be preserved during treatment? (2+4+4) (2014)
3. Describe the general principle of management of a poisoning case. (8) (2013) (2012)
4. S/N: Universal antidote (2012) (2004)
5. S/N: Classification of poison (3) (2008) (2002)
6. S/N: Role of stomach wash in management of poisoning (2006)
7. S/N: Antidotes (2003) (2001)

AGRICULTURAL POISONS
1. Describe the signs, symptoms, and treatment of organophosphorus poisoning. Describe
the postmortem appearance of organophosphorus poisoning. What are the prophylactic
measures to be adopted in persons working with OP compounds?
(3+2+3) (2018) (2008)
2. Enumerate the poisons causing constriction of pupil. Discuss the clinical features and
treatment of any one of such poison commonly used in agriculture.
(2+3+3) (2005)
3. An adult person is brought to an emergency in an unconscious condition with the history
of convulsions and with kerosene-like smell and froth around the mouth. What is your
probable diagnosis? How are you going to manage and treat such a case?
(2+2+4) (2016)

CORROSIVE POISONS
1. Reason out: Gastric lavage is contraindicated in corrosive poisoning. (2023)
2. Write the urine findings in chronic carbolic acid. (2) (2023)
3. Describe the signs, symptoms, treatment, and postmortem examination findings of a case
of carbolic acid poisoning. (1+1+3+3) (2019)

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 4. S/N: Vitriolage (2011) (2001)
5. S/N: Carboluria (2009)

METTALIC POISONS
1. Differentiate: Acute arsenic poisoning & Cholera (3) (2019) (2013) (2012)
(2011)
2. Describe the signs, symptoms, treatment of a case of chronic lead poisoning. Enumerate
the PM findings in a case of death due to chronic lead poisoning. (4+4) (2015)
3. S/N: Mercuria lentis (2002)

INORGANIC IRRITANT POISONS

1. S/N: Phossy jaw/Lucifer’s Jaw (2017) (2003) (2002)

ORGANIC IRRITANT POISONS

1. A middle-aged male was brought to the emergency department with an alleged history of
snake bite on the dorsum of the hand while he was working on his farm. The dorsum of his
hand showed two distinct fang marks with blood oozing out. The bystanders killed the
snake on the spot and brought the dead snake, which had a triangular head, a vertical
pupil, a prominent neck, and a tapering tail.
a) Identify the snake in the above case?
b) What should not be done in this case during first aid management?
c) What is the toxic effect of the venom of such a snake?
d) Write the signs and symptoms and management for the above case.
(1+2+1+6) (2023)
2. Differentiate: Poisonous snake & Non-poisonous snake (2017) (2010)
3. Classify poisonous snake in India. Mention the outline of treatment in poisonous snake
bite poisoning (4) (2009)

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CNS DEPRESSANTS
1. Reason out: In methyl alcohol poisoning, ethyl alcohol is administered as an antidote.
(2023)
2. S/N: Morphinism (2010)
3. Define drunkenness. Write down the scheme of examination of an alleged case of
intoxication. (2+6) (2010)
4. What type of poison is opium? Name four alkaloids if opium. Describe the PM findings of
a case of death due to opium poisoning. (1+2+5) (2005)
5. S/N: Delirium tremens (2002) (2001)
6. Describe the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management in a case of opium poisoning.
(2006) (2001)
7. Discuss the mode of action, signs, symptoms, treatment, and postmortem findings in a
case of morphine poisoning through intravenous route. (2+6+4+4) (2001)

DELIRANT POISONS
1. Discuss the differential diagnosis of poisons causing dilatation of pupils. Write the signs,
symptoms, mode of action, treatment and MLI of any one of them/Datura poisoning.
(2+6) (2007) (2003)

SPINAL POISONS
1. Differentiate: Tetanus & Strychnine poisoning (2015) (2013) (2012) (2010)

CARDIAC POISONS
1. While playing in the garden, a little girl from Chandel district chewed a few seeds of a
globular green colored fruit. On enquiry, she told that the tree from which she got the seed
bears yellow colored bell shaped flower. The ECG tracing of the child on admission showed
features of heart block. What could be the poison? Write down the names of the active
principles of this poison. Enumerate the different signs and symptoms of this poisoning.
Write down the outline of management of this case.
(1+2+2+3) (2021)

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 2. What type of poison is aconite? Write the alkaloid it contains, signs, symptoms, and
treatment. (1+2+5) (2003)

FOOD POISONING
1. Enumerate four common natural food poisons. (2) (2023)

APPENDICES
1. S/N: Neutron activation analysis (2010)
2. S/N: Gas chromatography – its principles, field of application in detection of poisons.
(2008)

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